FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE
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Item Haematology of pregnant West African dwarf ewes fed siam weed-based rations(Animal Science Association of Nigeria, 2004) Anurudu, N. F.; Babayemi, O. J.; Ososanya, T.There is relatively scanty information on normal blood values for sheep in Nigeria as regards the nature and the level of forage inclusion in the diets. The study was set up to assess the effects of siam weed on blood chemistry of pregnant West African Dwarf (WAD) sheep. Sixteen WAD sheep that have lambed once were allocated in a completely randomized design to four diets with different levels of siam weed leaf meal (SWLM) diets inclusion: 0% (Diet A), 15% (Diet B), 30% (Diet C) and 45% (Diet D). Variations in haematological parameters due to treatments were inconsistently significant except for Erythrocyte/ red blood cell (RBC). The Leukocyte/white blood cell (mm3 xlO3) varied from 5.64 (diet B) to 8.81 (diet A) in the last trimester. The lowest packed cell volume (28%) was obtained for sheep on 30% siam weed leaf meal (SWLM). Erythrocyte values were low ranging between 5.71 and 6.37. White blood cell was normal and ranged from 5.64 in 15% to 8.81 in 0% SWLM. The values for packed cell volume slightly increased in animals on diets 0% and 45% SWLM at the end of pregnancy while those of 15% and 30% remained normal. Mean corpuscular volume (ranged 47.50 - 53.25) was beyond the normal range at late pregnancy. The results showed that pregnant sheep could tolerate the siam weed leaf meal at levels between 15 and 45% dietary inclusion without a significant alteration of the blood constituents.Item Effects of dietary acidifier-based diet on haematology and serum biochemical indices of broilers(2009-07) Ogunwole, O. A.; Abu, O. A.; Sokunbi, O. A.; Asiruwa, P. O.A trial was conducted to determine the effect of dietary Biotronics SE® supplementation on haematological and serum parameters of broilers. A total of 120 1-day old Marshall broilers were randomly distributed to four dietary treatments using completely randomized design. Chicks in treatment 1 were fed basal diet (control) while those on treatments 2, 3 and 4 were given basal deits supplemented with 0.1% oxytetracycline HCl only; 0.3% Biotronics SE® only and 0.1% oxytetracycline HCl + 0.3% Biotronics SE®, respectively. Each treatment was a duplicate of fifteen chicks per replicate. The diets were formulated to contain 3000 Kcal/kg ME and crude protein of 23% (Starter) and 20% (finishers). Variations in values obtained for haemoglobin (g/dl) (9.28, 9.69. 10.04 and 10.15) and Mean Cell Volume (MCV) (fl) (107.02, 109.38, 125.43 and 118.31) for birds fed diets 1, 2, 3 and 4., respectively were significantly (p<0.05) different while other haematological parameters measured in both phases were similar (p>0.05). The serum triglycerides (mg/dl)(23.19. 19.29, 23.93 and 19.01) and VLDL (mg/dl) (4.63, 3.85, 5.78 and 3.80) for the Starter birds fed diets 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively were affected by dietary acidifier inclusion. The serum total proteins and Cholesterol also varied significantly for finishers birds. Generally, most serum indices measured declined in values at the finishers phase compared with corresponding values for Starter. All measured indices were within normal physiological ranges. This study revealed Biotronics SE as a suitable alternative growth promoter for the production of meat type chickens.Item Productive response of rabbits to supplemental copper in a diet based on tropical feedstuffs(Taylor & Francis, 1998) Onifade, A. A.; Abu, O. A.Effects of supplemental copper in a diet based on tropical feedstuffs on productive performance, carcass measurements and haematology of rabbits were investigated in a 70d trial. Copper as CuS04.5H2O was supplemented at 0, 125, 250 and 375 mg kg-1 into a basal diet. The basal diet served as control treatment. Eight rabbits, each constituting a replicate, were fed on one of the experimental diets. The results showed that daily weight gain and feed intake of the rabbits fed 250 and 375 mg kg-1 supplemental copper were the highest followed by rabbits fed 125 mg kg-1 and the basal diet. Relative weights of the selected organs were similar except for the brain that tended to be lower in rabbits fed 250 and 375 mg kg-1 copper. Haemoglobin, packed cell volume and red blood counts were lower on 375 mg kg-1, however, haematological indices in rabbits fed 125 and 250 mg kg-1 were superior to other treatments. The results indicated that supplemental copper in a diet based on tropical feedstuffs improved performance, supported adequate organ development and might adversely affect haematopoiesis in rabbits at 375 mg kg-1 rate of inclusion.Item Hormonal and haematological responses of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) to nitrite toxicity(Medwell Journals, 2007) Ajani, F.; Olukunle, O. A.; Agbede, S. A.Study on hormonal and haematological responses of Clarias gariepinus to nitrite toxicity was carried out to know the magnitude of the effects of this stressor on fish physiology. Haematological responses of C. gariepinus to sub-lethal levels of nitrite (0.1 g L-1) at different exposure h (0, 6, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h) were carried out. Blood samples of C. gariepinus were collected at each exposure h and evaluated for primary and secondary stress indicators. Data obtained were subjected to simple descriptive analysis, analysis of variance and Pearson Product Moment correlation analysis. When exposed to nitrite, there was progressive increase in plasma cortisol level of C. gariepinus from 0 h (101.00± 0.10 ng dL-1) to 48 h (161.00± 1.20 ng dL-1), this later decreased at 72 h (107.00±1.60 ng dL-1), it increased in 96 h to 136.00±1.00 ng dL-1. PCV and Hb were elevated after 6 h of exposure and decreased significantly (p<0.05) at 48, 72 and 96 h of exposure in fish exposed to sub-lethal level of nitrite. From the value of 3.69±0.01 106/l recorded at 0 h, RBC level decreased significantly (p<0.05) at 6 h, this was followed by significant increase (p<0.05) at 24 h. The RBC value later decreased gradually to 2.20±0.56 106 L-1 at 96 h. The study shows that hormonal and haematology balances of C. gariepinus was affected on short term exposure to nitrite toxicity.Item The nutritional value of cow blood meal and its effects on growth performance, haematology and plasma enzymes of hybrid catfish(2002) Olukunle, O. A.; Ogunsanmi, A. O.; Taiwo, V. O.; Samuel, A. A.The nutritional potential of sun-dried cow blood meal (CBM) was investigated for its effect on growth performance, haematology and plasma enzyme activities in hybrid catfish fingerlings (Clarias gariepinus Male x Heternbrunchus longifilis Female), in an assay that lasted for twelve weeks. Six graded diets containing 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 percent of CBM were compounded. Ten fingerlings (mean weight 4.23+0.64g) per tank were reared under laboratory conditions in eighteen plastic tanks, each containing 12 liters of water. The fingerlings were fed 3% of their body weight daily, with bimonthly adjustments. At the end of the 84-day experiment, growth performance parameters such as weight gains, specific growth rate (SGR) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were determined. Blood samples were pooled from each treatment on days 0, 42 and 84 for haematotogical and plasma enzyme analyses. The specific growth rate and the feed conversion ratio were best in the fish fed the control (0% sun-dried CBM) diet and poorest in the fish fed 25% CBM diet inclusion. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) between mean daily weight gains, specific growth rate and feed conversion ratios of fish fed diet 2 (5% CBM) and the control diet. The higher the inclusion level of the sun-dried CBM in the experimental diets, the poorer the nutrient utilization and growth performance. Hematological and pIasma enzyme analyses revealed progressively severe macrocytic normochromic, anaemia, leucocytosis and high enzymatic activities of plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and-aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in fish fed increasing levels of sun-dried CBM. These enzymatic changes imply liver, kidney and/or cardiac damage, and opportunistic systemic bacterial infection. It can be inferred that for optimum growth performance, best nutrient utilization and unimpaired haematological and plasma enzyme activities in hybrid Clarias, a 5 % level of sun-dried CBM inclusion in their diet is recommended.Item A comparative assessment of growth performance, haematology and serum biochemistry of hybrid catfish fed non-conventional plant proteins in homestead concrete tanks(2000) Olukunle, O.; Taiwo, V. O.; Adejinmi, J. O.An 84-day experiment was carried out to evaluate the potentials of three non-conventional plant proteins groundnut cake (GNC), soyebean cake (SBC) and sesame seed cake (SSC) singly and combined in the diets of hybrid catfish grown in homestead concrete tanks. Triplicate groups of 30 juveniles average weight of 26.9+ 0.18g were fed four diets which were formulated to contain 30% crude protein with 25% of the GNC (diet 1) component replaced by SBC (diet 2), SSC (diet 3) and a combination of the three in diet 4. All the diets contained an equal amount of animal protein (25.43g). At the end of 84 days of feeding, growth parameters, feed and carcass proximate analyses, mortality, haematology and serum biochemical parameters were measured. The results showed that the diets affected the growth of the juveniles significantly (P<0.05). The percentage weight gain of the fish fed diet 1 was 204% of the initial weight, while those fed diets 2, 3 and 4 were 405%, 465% and 445% respectively. Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER) was significantly higher (P <0.05) in diets 2, 3 and 4 than in diet 1, with diet 4 having the highest PER. The percent specific growth rate (SGR) recorded for each diet was not significantly different (P>0.05) from each other. Percentage mortality were 22.2%, 13.3%, 5.6% and 3.3% in fish fed diets 3, 4, 2 and 1, respectively. There were no significant variations in haematological parameters of fish fed all the various diets, except for those on diet 3 which exhibited lymphopenia and heterophilia (P<0.05). Similarly, there were no significant variations in serum biochemical parameters, except for hyperfibrinogenaemia, hypoglyeaemia and significantly increased AST activities (P<0.05) in fish fed diet 3 and 4. There were significant increases in the serum levels of cholesterol and triglyceride in fish fed diets 2 (P<0.05), 3 and 4 (P<0.01). The findings in this study showed that even though SBC and SSC inclusions in fish diet resulted in better growth performance than GNC inclusion, the relatively high levels of crude fat in these plants proteins especially SSC, may in fact be injurious to fish by causing fat deposition in tissues, fatty hepatic and renal damage, artherosclerosis and coronary heart disease both of which will predispose the fish to stress, innocuous disease and mortality.