FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE
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Item Correlates with the distribution and abundance of endangered sclater’s monkeys (Cercopithecus sclateri) in Southern Nigeria(Blackwell Publishing Ltd, Afr. J. Ecol., 2007) Baker, L.R.; Olubode, O.S.A distribution survey of the endangered Sclater’s monkey (Cercopithecus sclateri) was conducted over a wide area in southern Nigeria using forest surveys and hunter interviews. Sclater’s monkey, Nigeria’s only endemic primate species, is restricted to a land area of about 28,500 km2 in the densely human-populated, oil-producing region of southern Nigeria. Results indicate that this species is not as rare as previously thought; we confirmed its presence in 27 formerly unknown sites. Based on encounter-rate and distribution data, Sclater’s monkey is one of the two most abundant diurnal primate taxa across its range. However, the species primarily occupies isolated and degraded forest fragments. Although hunting is widespread, selective hunting of larger-bodied primate taxa offers some respite for the smaller Sclater’s monkey. We encountered this species more frequently in forests with relatively high hunting pressure, possibly indicating competitive release in the heavily hunted forests of southern Nigeria. Long-term persistence of Sclater’s monkey, which has no official protection throughout its range, depends on the willingness of hunters to target smaller-bodied wildlife (effortprofit trade-off), local bushmeat demand and protection of key forest fragments and the few larger forests in the region.Item Effects of Social Capital on Rural Poverty in Nigeria(2007) Okunmadewa,F.Y; Yusuf, S.A; Omonona B.TAgainst the backdrop of increasing focus on the use of Local Level Institutions (LLIs) in addressing poverty and the growing literature on impact of social capital on welfare and poverty, this study provides empirical evidence for Nigeria. The study focuses on households’ memberships in LLIs using primary data from 587 households in 6 participating pilot states under the World Bank’s assisted Community-based Poverty Reduction Project (CPRP). Six measures of social capital were identified. These are density of membership, internal heterogeneity of associations, meeting attendance, payment of membership due, labor contribution and decision making. The study reveals that an average household size of 9 participates in at least 3 LLIs. Further, internal heterogeneity reveals some level of diversity in each group while meeting attendance index averaged about 60% for all participating members of households. An average of N4, 254.90 membership due and 43 days of labour are contributed by households to LLIs. The basic data from the study indicate that households with higher social capital are less poor using different dimensions of poverty. The study shows that while a unit increase in household size tend to aggravate poverty by 3.1%, one extra year of educational attainment reduces the extent of poverty by 1.6%. The level of heterogeneity of the associations, meeting attendance index, cash contribution score and the labour contribution score are the key social capital dimensions with dampening effect on poverty, in the order listed, a unit change in each of these dimensions of social capital leads to 0.85, 1.2, 0.82 and 0.3%, respectively. The findings of this study support recent emphasis on investing in social capital. In addition, it has been shown that investments in LLIs need to be part of poverty alleviation programmesItem Determinants of traditional agricultural exports in Nigeria: an application of cointegration and correction model(2003) Okoruwa V.O.; Ogundare, G.O; Yusuf, S.AThe study aimed to derive estimates of factors influencing Nigeria’s agricultural exports to five principal countries - United States, The Netherlands, United Kingdom, Germany, and France, with the aid of error correction representation procedures. The analysis was carried out with the data collected on Nigeria primary exports - cocoa, palm kernel, and rubber, over 38 years (1960 - 1997). Agricultural commodity exports to the selected countries were influenced by the domestic output, population growth, quantity supplied by competing countries, index of industrial production of importing countries, and time trend. However, the domestic output and population growth rate were the most significant factors influencing agricultural exports in the importing countries. In addition, there is high feedback captured by the coefficients of the error correction mechanism. There seems to be an instantaneous change in the short-run equilibrium to long-run equilibrium values of agricultural exports as a result of policy changes in the regressors. Efforts to boost agricultural exports from Nigeria will need to incorporate policy measures to improve producer prices, enhance the quality of the products, and ensure timely exports of the commodities, especially those with a positive relationship between the index of industrial production of importing countries and Nigeria’s exports. With short-run policy changes by the importing countries, the rate of response by Nigerian producers through exports will be almost spontaneous, as indicated by the coefficient of the error correction mechanism ECM (-1).Item Determinants of Selected Agricultural Export Crops in Nigeria: An Ecm Approach(2007) Yusuf, S.A.; Yusuf, W.AThis study examines the factors that determine the export performance of three major agricultural exportable commodities of cocoa, rubber and palm-kernel in the context of liberalization. Using time series data covering thirty-three years and to avoid spurious result, error correction model was applied in the analysis. The unit root test is in line with the a priori expectation that macroeconomic variables are not stationary at their level. Virtually all the variables tested were differenced once before attaining stationarity. Each of the three equations indicated that the dependent variables cointegrated with their arguments at 1 percent level. There is the existence of short term and long term equilibrium relationships between the dependent variables and their determinants. The results of the parsimonious error correction specifications showed that the previous year’s output and the net value of world trade negatively affect cocoa exports at 1 percent level while the previous year’s GDP positively contributes to cocoa exports at 5 percent. The lagged price ratio reduces rubber exports significantly at 5 percent but the real exchange rate significantly increases the export performance of rubber at 10 percent level. The previous year’s exports of palm kernel and the real GDP contributed positively to palm-kernel exports at 5 percent level while the lagged premium and palm kernel output negatively contributed to its export at 5 percent and 10 percent respectively. Promotion of agricultural exports is essential to reduce the burden of dependence on oil exportsItem Vulnerability Profile of Rural Households in South West Nigeria(Canadian Center of Science and Education, 2001) Adepoju, A.O.; Yusuf, S. A.; Omonona, B. T.; Okunmadewa, F. Y.This paper examined vulnerability to poverty of households among rural households in South West Nigeria using primary data from a two-wave panel survey (lean versus harvesting periods). Results showed that on the average there is a 0.56 probability of entering poverty a period ahead in the region and relatively high poverty rates were associated with much higher vulnerability while low poverty rates were associated with considerably low vulnerability. Vulnerable households are mostly large sized with high number of dependants and characterized by under aged or old, female headed, widowed household heads. They are mostly engaged in farming as their primary occupation, have no or low educational attainment and are landless. The findings underscore the centrality of social protection policy mechanisms as potent poverty reduction tools and necessary policy interventions to reduce consumption variability through reducing exposure to risk or improving the ex post coping mechanisms of the vulnerable.Item Genetic characterization of Biochemical contents of pigeon pea (cajanus cajan millsp)(Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2009) Akande, S. R.; Balogun, M. O.Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to characterize 25 collections of pigeon pea from south-west Nigeria using nutritional and anti-nutritional contents of the seeds. Design/methodology/approach – The nutritional and anti-nutritional constituents of 25 collections of pigeon pea were determined. Data collected were subjected to correlation, principal components and fastclus analyses. Findings – Ariation among the collections for the nutrient contents was low. Trypsin inhibitor content had the highest variability ranging between 21.74 and 35.43 Tiu/mg. Protein and trypsin inhibitor contents were significant and negatively correlated. The first three principal components explained 74.0 per cent of the total variation. Fastclus procedures grouped the collections into three. Members of cluster 1 had the highest value for protein and the lowest concentrations of the antinutritional factors (ANFs). Cluster 2 possessed relatively low protein with high level of ANFs while cluster 3 was intermediate between clusters 1 and 2 for most characters. Originality/value – The results indicate that members of cluster 1 with high protein and low levels of ANFs are good candidates in breeding/selecting pigeon pea cultivars with enhanced nutritional valuesItem Presence of hydrocarbons and heavy metals in some fish species in the cross river, Nigeria.(2004) Olaifa, F. E.; Ayodele, I. A.The study was undertaken to determine the total hydrocarbon (THC) and heavy metal contents of fish (finfish and shelf fish) in the cross river, Nigeria. Fish samples were collected in the dry (March) and rainy (October) seasons between 2000-2002. The finfish species identified in the study were Synodontis clarias, Sarotherodon galilaeus, Heterotis niloticus, Scholbe mystus, ansorgil and the shelfish were macrobrachium vollenhovonii and tympanotnomus luscalus. Significant difference (P<0.05) existed between finfish andshellfish in both THC and heavy metals contents. The levels of THC in fish exceeded the World Health Organization's limit of 0.0001 ppm by an average of 3.2 and 15.57 mg/kg in fin and shelffish respectively. High concerntrations of vanadium and THC in fish samples were the main indicators of pollution from petroleum sourcesItem Vegetable farmers' perception of wastewater use in Ojoo Local Government Area (LGA) of Lagos State(2009-01) Fawole, O. P.In Nigeria, as in many other countries, wastewater use in agricultural production by farming households is on the rise and there is a need to draw the attention of key players and urban authorities in fostering appropriate planning initiatives. For this reason, the perception and knowledge of vegetable farmers becomes necessary to improve their production activities and yield. While previous studies have confirmed limited or no awareness information and education to vegetable farmers that engage in wastewater dependent activities there has been less attention to the perception and knowledge of vegetable farmers' use of wastewater. The purpose of this study was to examine wastewater use in vegetable production as perceived by 200 randomly selected farmers in Ojoo LGA in Lagos State. Results indicate significant relationship between farmers' perception and knowledge of wastewater use across 32 perceptual and 22 knowledge dimensions. Respondents' have high perception (96.3%) and knowledge (53.0%) of wastewater use in vegetable production. Regular challenges experienced by these farmers are environmental pollution, fire and disease outbreaks, disputes, and pest infestation while occasional ones include drought, erosion, flood, climatic fluctuations, and unstable market prices.Item Framing of environmental stories in two Nigerian daily newspapers(2009-01) Fawole, O. P.The environment has major impact on the economic, social, cultural and ecological activities of man. Through framing analysis (Inter-coder Reliability Coefficient=.95), this study examined 36 stories each from the Punch and Nigerian Tribune daily newspapers from January 1 through December 31, 2008, to uncover how environmental issues were framed. This was done by investigating what these newspapers emphasized, information sources relied upon, and the slant and frames used in reporting environmental stories. Results indicated that majority (52.8%) of the. headlines were presented from the negative perspective. Victims/eye-witness (Nigerian Tribune=59.5%, Punch=40.5%) were relied upon more than government officials (Punch=60%, Nigerian Tribune=40%) as information sources. The disaster frame (33%) was the most frequently used frame in reported environmental stories as posing high risk to agriculture and humans among the five frames (awareness/campaign = 27.7%, assistance =18.0%, warning/blame = 13.9%, responsibility = 9.7%) that emerged from this study. Overall, environmental issues were presented from the negative perspective, and capable of causing uncertainty and fear among lay public and farmers. The reading audience will continue to lack accurate knowledge and understanding of environment as it relates to agriculture and other economic activities, if journalists continue to cover environmental news that is problematic or associated with risk factors.Item Rural women lifestyles: lessons from Nigeria(Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues C/O Department of Psychology, University of lbadan, 2009-09) Fawole, O. P.Rural women's involvement in family life, social and economic development is growing following efforts to empower them. Efforts of foreign donor agencies, federal and state governments to ensure household food security and reduce poverty have been to establish development initiatives that will ensure rural women's full participation in development. However, most development activities have recorded low rural women's participation. The response of the research community to this low participation of rural women in development activities calls for the documentation of their social and economic activities. This will increase their participation in development activities and enhance gender mainstreaming in the development process. Also, major development initiatives have failed to recognise variations that exist in rural women situations. This study therefore, investigated the lifestyles of rural women in Nigeria using a cross sectional survey. Results indicated that the women surveyed are mostly married, have average age and family size, low education, poor income base and practice a mix of religions. Also results indicated choices, modes and preference in their activities. These are all important variables, which will guide planning and execution of development initiatives and activities and appropriate technologies for rural women in Nigeria.