FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE
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Item Effects of pre-storage treatments on sprouting and nutritional quality of ginger (zingiberofficinalerosc) rhizomes in different storage periods(International Peer Reviewed Journal and book Publishing, 2016) Olaniyi, J. O.; Olusoga, S.; Babatola, L. A.; Atanda, T. T.Purpose: Ginger rhizomes are highly susceptible to damage during postharvest storage due to soil borne pathogenic disorder. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of prestorage treatments required for sprouting and maintaining the quality of ginger plant in different storage periods at the Teaching and Research Farm, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso. Method: The rhizomes were treated with four different pre-storage treatments viz.,control, hydrated lime, - Mancozeb, and 100ml of Trichodermaharzianum solution at different storage periods of one, two and three months. The experiment was arranged in a complete randomized designand laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Data were collected on percentage sprouting, plant height, number of leaves, leaf area and nutritional quality of ginger rhizomes. Data were subjected to analysis of variance using Statistical Analysis System Software (SAS, 2005). Differences among treatment means were compared using Least Significance Difference (LSD) at 5% probability level. Results: The storage periods significantly (P≤0.05) influenced the percentage sprouting andgrowth parametersof ginger at various sampling period. Highest growth of 9.05cm was recorded from ginger plant stored for three months while the least value of 6.94cm was obtained from rhizomes stored for one month. The pre-storage treatments significantly (P≤0.05) influenced the percentage sprouting, weight loss and growth parameters of ginger at various sampling period. Highest percentage sprouting (94.3%) was recorded from rhizomes treated with 100 ml Trichodermaharzianim solution followed by rhizomes treated with hydrated lime (88.3 %) while lowest percentage sprouting (61.5 %) were recorded from control. Highest percentage weight loss of 46.3% was recorded from control followed by hydrated lime (35.58 %) while the lowest percentage weight loss of 33.93 % was recorded from 100 ml Trichodermaharzianim solution. Conclusions: In conclusion, rhizomes treated with Trichodermaharzianim solution for a period of three months before planting produced better sprouting and enhanced the growth quality of ginger on the fieldItem DETERMINANTS OF AGRICULTURAL RISK MANAGEMENT BEHAVIOUR OF CROP FARMERS IN NIGERIA(2014-12) OLAJIDE, F.OAgricultural risks constitute a fundamental challenge in Nigeria, leading to low productivity among farmers. Farmers risk management behaviour determines the extent to which they overcome risk types. Information on crop farmers’ risk management behaviour in Nigeria is however scanty. Therefore determinants of agricultural risk management behaviour of crop farmers in Nigeria were investigated. Multistage sampling technique was used. Of the agro-ecological zones, Coastal, Rainforest and Guinea savannah were randomly selected. Thereafter, 10% of the states in the zones (Lagos, Osun and Niger) and 10% of the Local Governments Areas (LGAs) in the states were selected. Two communities were selected from each of the LGAs and 15% of crop farmers were chosen in the selected communities to give 323 crop farmers. Interview schedule was used to collect data on respondents’ risks types, risk exposure levels and risk management strategies. Indices were used to categorise farmers on their risk types (production, marketing, financial and social) and risk behaviour (superior, active, di-function, mono-function and part-time risk managers). Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, chi-square, Pearson Product Moment Correlation, ANOVA and multinomial logistic regression at p= 0.05. Most (90.0%) respondents were males, married (89.7%), and had at least primary school education (62.3%) with farm sizes of less than 5 hectares (72.3%). Age and years of farming experience were 53.2±10.5 and 28.3±12.1 years respectively. Majority (94.2%) identified inadequate cash-flow, pests and diseases (91.3%), ill-health of farmer/farm employee (89.0%) and volatility in output price (85.5%) as types of agricultural risks. Respondents were more vulnerable to production (9.85) and financial (9.84) risks. Majority (81.3%) were moderately or highly exposed to agricultural risks. Risk management strategies highly utilised were reducing leverage (2.94), maintaining good relations with contracting partners (2.73), use of fertilizers (2.65) and use of improved seedlings (2.57), while 73.9% of the farmers that had crop insurance coverage affirmed that it was effective in managing risks. Use of risk management strategies was low for 47.1%, with marketing strategies being the least (1.17) utilised. Superior agricultural risk managers accounted for 14.2%; active (26.8%); di-function (33.2%); mono-function (21.9%) and part-timers (3.9%), with the coastal zone having the highest percentage of superior (19.0%) and active (43.1%) risk managers. There were significant relationships between level of risk management and each of sex, marital status, educational level and farm size. While the Guinea savannah zone had the highest level (259.58) of agricultural risk exposure, the coastal zone had the highest level (75.89) of agricultural risk management. Significant predictors of agricultural risk management behaviour were farm size, organization membership and risk exposure level for mono-function and active managers. Di-function and superior managers were significantly predicted by farm size and risk exposure level respectively. Crop farmers in the zones encountered more of production and financial risks and lacked adequate risk management strategies. Their low level of insurance coverage indicated that factors other than awareness determined participation in insurance. Crop farmers should utilise more risk management strategies in order to reduce their risk exposure levels.Item Level of involvement of shea butter processors in processing activities in North-central, Nigeria(2019) Tijani, S. A.; Sanusi, M. K.The study examined the level of involvement of Shea butter processors in processing activities in North-central Zone of Nigeria. A multistage sampling procedure was used to select 330 respondents for the study. The data was collected through an Interview schedule and analysed with descriptive and inferential statistics. The result of the findings shows that the average age of the respondents was 40.2 years, with 97.9% and 97.0% being female and of Islamic faith respectively. They have average household size of 8.78 persons and 54.8% were members of cooperative with an average working experience of 19.40 years. Generally, the respondents had low level of involvement in Shea butter processing activities (57.9%), though there was high level of involvement in milling of the nuts (1.69) and boiling dough (1.667). The respondents were able to meet their basic needs of life through their involvement in Shea butter processing activities. However, lack of credit facilities and high cost of processing equipment were the major constraints to Shea butter processing. There were significant relationship between memberships of Shea butter processors (χ²= 20.8, p=0.00), age (r=0.17, p=0.03), years of experience (r=0.21, p=0.00), benefit (r=0.44, p=0.00) and constraints (r=0.23, p=0.00) with their level of involvement in Shea butter processing. There is the need to sensitise the processors on the benefits inherent in Shea butter production and belonging to Shea butter processors association to increase the level of involvement and income generation for the processors.Item Effect of farmers’ field school (FFS) on maize production among women farmers in Ondo State(2019-03) Tijani, S. A.Farmer Field School (FFS) is a popular education and extension approach worldwide that uses experiential and group approaches to facilitate farmers in making decisions, solving problems, and learning new techniques. The study investigated the effect of FFS on women farmers’ production in Ondo State. Purposive sampling technique was used to select two local government areas based on the presence of women among the groups or women dominated groups. One hundred and sixty (160) respondents, comprising 80 participants and 80 nonparticipants were randomly selected. Data were collected with the use of interview schedule and analysed using frequencies, percentages, chi- square, Pearson product moment correlation and t-test αt 0.05 level of significance. The results indicated that more than half (51.9% ) had farm size of 0.5- 1.5 hectares, 49.4% affirmed high effect of FFS; 50.0% gained high knowledge, and 38% experienced between half and double increment on their level of production. There was significant relationship between marital status (χ2=7.73), level of education (χ2=14.09), motivating factors (r =0.673), knowledge gained (r=0.551) and the level of production of women farmers. There was significant difference in the level of production (t=13.450) between the participants of farmer field school and non- participants; and that participation in FFS impacted positively on the level of maize production of participants. Thus, it was recommended that government and non-government organizations should support FFS through adequate funding.Item Farmers’ preference for agricultural radio programmes in Niono area of Segou, Mali(2019-06) Tijani, S. A.; Traore, A. B.; Badiru, I. O.This study examined farmers’ preference for agricultural radio programmes in Niono area of Segou, Mali. Dataon farmers’ radio set ownership, listening time and listenership of agricultural radio programmes were obtained from 205 randomly selected respondents. Data were analysed using descriptive (percentages) and inferential statistics (Chi-square and Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation) at α=0.05. Most farmers had high radio set ownership (79%), preferred listening to radio in the evening (61.50%) but had low listenership status (60.5%). The respondents preferred listening to Cikelaw ka Kene from Kaira radio station (x̅ =1.2683). Farmers’ radio set ownership (X2 = 39.623), listening preferred time (r = 0.22) and their listenership status (r = 0.696) were significantly related to farmers’ radio agricultural programme preference. Broadcast of Cikelaw ka Kene from Kaira radio station should be sustained, while relevant agricultural information should be targeted at the evening period to enhance listenership among farmers in the study area.Item Farmers' knowledge of the cultivation, economic and nutritional value of radish crop in Iseyin local government area of Oyo State(2019-12) Tijani, S. A.Fruits and vegetables are important as essential building blocks of any diet. They are loaded with vitamins and minerals. Although, many fruits and vegetables are cultivated, there are yet several others (exotic) with nutritional and economic potentials which farmers' attention has not been drawn to. Meanwhile, farmers in Iseyin Local Government Area (LGA) of Oyo state have commenced cultivation of radish crop. Therefore, the study assessed rural farmers' knowledge on the nutritional and economic value of radish (Raphanus sativus L. Family: Brassicaceae) crop in Iseyin LGA of Oyo state in order to boost production and consumption of this vegetable among Nigerians for healthy living. A total of 105 respondents were sampled through the Snowball Technique. Data collected through interview schedule were analyzed using both descriptive (frequencies, percentages) and inferential statistics (Chi-square and PPMC). Findings revealed that the average age of respondents was 47 years, 76.2% were male, 98.1% were married and 94.3% had at least one level of formal education. Household size of the majority (81.0%) and farming experience (92.4%) ranged between 6-8 persons and 20-25 years, respectively. Of all the sampled respondents, 87.6% cultivated Daikon or Japanese radish. Most respondents' source of information was mainly through friends (96.2%). Result further showed that 66.7% and 85.7% of the respondents had favourable perception and average knowledge on radish crop, respectively. 2 Respondents' level of education (χ = 89.638, p ≤0.05), sources of information (r = 0.658, p≤0.05), perception (r = 0.645, p ≤0.05) were significantly related to knowledge on the nutritional and economic value of radish crop. Knowledge level on the nutritional and economic value of radish crop cultivation was average among 85.7% of the respondents. Thus, there is need for government, through her extension agency to provide more awareness on the nutritional and economic values of radish crop to cultivators and general public at large.Item Willingness to establish private forest plantations among households in Oyo State Nigeria(Taylor & Francis, 2019) Tijani, S. A.This study investigates the willingness of the respondents to establish private forest plantations (PFPs) in Oyo State, Nigeria. Two purposively selected and two randomly selected local government areas were used. One hundred and sixty household heads randomly selected were interviewed using the interview schedule and the data analysis was carried out using both descriptive (frequencies, percentages, mean) and inferential (Chi-Square and PPMC) statistics with 0.05. The majority of the respondents were male (89.2%), within 41–50 years (43.9%) and 92.8% were married. About 85.6% have knowledge of private ownership and 91.4% had knowledge on forest plantation establishment. Respondents’ attitude towards PFPs (78.4%) was favourable. A large percentage (96.4%) agreed that involvement in PFPs serves as income generating activity, whereas 58.3% identified government policy on forestry and land tenure system as major constraints to establishing PFPs. There were significant relationships between age (x2 =236.256), educational qualification (x2 = 35.283), primary occupation (x2 = 62.944) private ownership (r = 0.424), knowledge on forest plantation (r = 0.451), perception (r = 0.230), perceived benefits (r = 0.180), perceived constraints (r = −0.181) and willingness to establish PFPs. Respondents possessed high knowledge and favourable attitude towards PFPs despite the perceived constraints. The state, in collaboration with the Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria (FRIN), should initiate programmes to emphasise benefits of PFPs in order to encourage more participation and government policy on land use decree should be reviewed to promote participation in forest plantation establishment.Item Sustainability of the youth agriculture empowerment programmes in Osun and Oyo states(2018) Tijani, S. A.The problem of youth unemployment in Nigeria necessitated both the federal and state governments to introduce several empowerment programmes particularly in agriculture in order to enhance the economic capacity of youths. However, some of these programmes barely outlive the political regime that initiated them. Meanwhile, Osun youth empowerment programme has been acclaimed to be a model copied by other local and international organisations. Therefore, this study investigated sustainability of youth empowerment programmes in agriculture in Osun and Oyo States. Three (3) Local Government Areas (LGA) with 25% of the beneficiaries were selected randomly from each of the two states to give a total of 260 respondents. Data were collected using structured questionnaire and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics at α0.05. The study revealed more male participation in the programme in both states, high formal education with mean age of 28.2 (Osun) and 31.5 years (Oyo). Major benefit derived by respondents was positive attitudinal change towards agriculture (Osun=96.1%, Oyo= 73.5%) and job opportunity (Osun=91.6%, Oyo=87.4%) Respondents’ level of participation in the programme was low (Osun=56.1%, Oyo= 58.4%), 60.6% and 89.3% in Osun and Oyo respectively perceived the programme to be unsustainable. Inadequate funding, lack of post empowerment support and monitoring were the major constraints to sustainability There was a significant relationship between benefits derived (r = 0.398) by respondents’ in Oyo, constraints in both states (Osun =0.243, Oyo = 0.855) and sustainability of the programme. The youth empowerment programme in agriculture in both states was adjudged unsustainable. Monitoring and evaluation process as well as, appropriate legislation to insulate the programme from political shocks should be included from onset.Item Acceptability of egg powder among nursing mothers in rural areas of Ijebu North local government area of Ogun State, Nigeria(2018) Tijani, S. A.Eggs are among the most nutritious foods, cheapest source of protein, vitamins and minerals. However, fresh egg is fragile and its quality deteriorates easily. Egg powder adds consistent performance to the list of attributes of the commodity hence the need to evaluate the acceptability of egg powder among nursing mothers as a source of protein. The study was carried out in rural areas of Ijebu North Local Government Area of Ogun State. Random sampling technique was used to select 120 respondents across five maternity health centres. Interview schedule was used to collect data. Data were analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics at α0.05. Findings revealed that 62.5% of the respondents had low level of awareness about egg powder, more than half (55.8%) had unfavourable disposition towards egg powder, resulting in 60.0% of them having low acceptability for its use. Non-availability of egg powder (50.8%) and lack of information on egg powder (50.0%) were major constraints to egg powder consumption in the study area. Significant relationship existed between respondents’ income (χ2 = 0.184), level of education (χ2 = 0.233), awareness (r = 0.229), perception of egg powder (r = 0.246) and the level of acceptability of egg powder. There was a low level of egg powder acceptability in the study area. Hence, there is a need to create awareness on the nutritive value of egg powder in the study area.Item Land-use changes and urbanization impacts on livelihood and groundwater sustainability of coastal areas of Lagos, SW-Nigeria: integrated GIS-based, livelihood and hydrochemical assessments(Nigerian Mining and Geosciences Society, 2018) Tijani, M. N.; Adekoya, A. E.; Fashae, O. A.; Tijani, S. A.; Aladejana, J. A.Water and food security are essential to human survival, livelihood and well-being vis-a-vis sustainable resources management and attainment of the SDGs. This study employed GIS-based, livelihood and hydrochemical assessments of impacts of land use and urbanization on community livelihood and groundwater sustainability with emphasis on the resilience and security of coastal water supply in Lagos metropolis, SW-Nigeria. For the assessment of land-use changes and associated impacts on community livelihood, Spot 5 satellite imagery of 1984, 2002 and 2017 of Lagos area alongside with Landsat ETM+ and OLI were used to generate the land use / land cover (LULC) changes using ArcGIS 10.3 Software. In addition, purposive and random sampling was used to select 500 respondents for the socio-economic assessment of perceived effects of land use changes on livelihood activities of coastal communities in the study area, while the data were analyzed using both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Furthermore, hydrochemical quality assessment of seventy (70) water samples collected from different household water points (wells and boreholes) within study coastal environs were subjected to in-situ physicochemical parameters (pH, Temperature, TDS and EC) followed by laboratory analyses of major cations and anions. GIS-based 2 2 assessment revealed a significant increase in the built-up areas from 447.3km in 1984 to 951km in 2017 representing 85% increase with corresponding loss of about 5% of the forested coastal wetlands. This is a clear indication of rapid urbanization in the last three decades with attendant impacts on coastal livelihood and water quality. For the livelihood assessment, the average age of respondents was 52±7.7 years while most (66.2%) were males, married, (90.0%), literate (57.7%) with an average 34±5.2 years of residency. Fishing and farming were the major activities while the evaluated data revealed a decline in livestock production by 92.0%, cash crops by 90.0% and food crops by 79.0%. This is also a clear indication of impacts land-use changes as two-third of the respondents diversified into nonfarming activities. Hydrochemical assessment revealed elevated electrical conductivity (EC) of >1,000μS/cm alongside with elevated Na (51-230mg/l), Cl (300-980mg/l) and SO (36-88mg/l) concentrations in shallow wells and boreholes tapping the upper unconfined aquifer. This is a clear fingerprint of groundwater vulnerability to saline intrusion and contamination. Therefore, in the face of reality of impacts of anthropogenic land-use and climateinduced changes, there is the need for a clear governance structure to regulate the rate of groundwater abstraction and indiscriminate groundwater development to ensure sustainable groundwater resources management and attainment of SDG-6 and avoidance of water supply crisis. Such crisis can be avoided, if appropriate knowledge-based choices, planning / management options are employed; failure of which will likely be very costly.