FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE
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Item Youth farmers’ willingness to Pay for agricultural extension service in Oyo State(2013) Adelakun, O. E.; Adeniyi, J. A.Digital agriculture technologies have the potential to increase the efficiencies and productivity of farmers. However, the use of these digital technologies requires its users to have some level of digital skills – digital literacy. This study, therefore examined the level of digital literacy of crop farmers in Oyo state. A multistage sampling procedure was used in selecting 120 respondents from the study area. A structured questionnaire was used to collect primary data. Data were analysed using descriptive (frequency, percentage, and mean) and inferential statistics (Chi-square and PPMC) were used. Results reveal that majority of the respondents were male (70%), married (90.8%), had no formal education (42.5%), with a mean age of 56 years and average farming experience of 25 years. About 79.0% had between 0.5 and 8 acres of farmland, 68.3% did not practice mixed farming, 73.3%had never used social media, and 72.5% used feature phones. Furthermore, 57.5% had a favourable perception of the use of digital tools with low knowledge (55%) of basic concepts and processes of digital agriculture and platforms. The level of digital literacy (71.7%) among crop farmers in Oyo state was low. Lack of training to develop digital skills ranked the most severe constraint to digital literacy and usage among respondents. However, the perception of the use of digital tools was favourable. The digital literacy level of crop farmers was generally low. There is a need for government to establish a digital literacy initiative specifically targeted at farmers to develop and improve their digital skills through training.Item Sustained utilisation of acquired entrepreneurial skills among youth in Southwestern Nigeria: National Directorate of Employment’s perspective(Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, University of Ibadan, 2019-06) Adelakun, O. E.Entrepreneurial skills are recognized as veritable tools for reducing youth unemployment in Nigeria. However, for it to produce required effects, the extent to which such skills are sustainably used must be ascertained. This study therefore investigated the sustained utilisation of acquired entrepreneurial skills among youth in Southwestern Nigeria from the perspective of National Directorate of Employment. Multistage sampling procedure was used to select 163 respondents for the study from Ogun and Osun States. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results show that respondents had training on poultry production (17.1%), grasscutter production (11.6%) and trading (9.2%) among others. Also 32.5% of the participants did not diversify into any activity while others diversified into activities such as okada riding, trading, sales of recharge cards, barbing, farming, and computer operator while some also got job. Almost all the participants (99.3%) completed the training, about 88.9% were given take off grant or materials and 96.9% had been able to put the learnt skill to use. Sustained utilisation of acquired NDE entrepreneurial skills was high (73.4%). The study concluded that NDE entrepreneurial skills are sustainably used. It is recommended that the sustainably used components of NDE activities be developed as a package and adapted by organisations engaging in similar training programme.Item Youth farmers’ willingness to Pay for agricultural extension service in Oyo State(CYIAP Network Publishing, 2018) Adelakun, O. E.; Adeniyi, J. A.The sustainability of agriculture calls for effective agricultural extension service delivery. However, the public agricultural extension system is grossly ineffective owing to diverse challenges including lack of funding, therefore in searching for new funding and delivery alternatives in addition to government’s input, issues such as willingness of famers to pay are extremely important. This study assessed the willingness of young farmers to pay for agricultural extension services in Ibarapa Areas of Oyo State. The population of the study consisted of all young farmers in Ibarapa Zone of Oyo State i.e. Ibarapa East, Ibarapa Central and Ibarapa North Local Government Area. Multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select one hundred and twenty young farmers. Data were collected with the aid of interview schedule. Frequency and percentages were used to describe the dependent and independent variables of the study while Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) and Chi-square were employed for hypotheses testing. The result of the findings revealed that the mean age was 32±2.8 years, majority (80.8%) were male, married (80.8%) with household size of 1-4. More than half of the respondents (54.2%) had tertiary education. Friends and family (1.85) ranked 1st as respondents’ source of information on agricultural practices. Information on credit sources (0.87) ranked 1st as the preferred agricultural service the respondents were willing to pay for. Also, less than half (47.5%) of the respondents had favourable attitude towards public extension services. However, willingness of young farmers to pay for extension services was high (51.7%). The results also revealed that there was a significant relationship between household size (χ2=9.498, p=0.023), level of education (χ2=17.454, p=0.002) and willingness to pay for extension services. Nevertheless, there was no significant relationship between respondents’ attitude towards public extension service (r=--0.150, p=0.102) and willingness to pay for extension services. The study concluded that young farmers in the study area were willing to pay for extension service.Item Effects of national directorate of employment on youth poverty status in Southwestern Nigeria(Departments of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso,, 2017) Adelakun O. E.Youth unemployment is one of the most serious socio-economic problems currently confronting Nigeria. Its effect is felt on the high rate of poverty among the youth. The National Directorate of Employment (NDE) was an initiative, which targeted skills development and job creation among the youth. However, few studies exist on its impact on youth poverty. Therefore, effects of NDE on youth poverty status in Southwestern Nigeria were investigated. A two-stage sampling procedure was used to select respondents for the study. Out of the six Southwestern states, Osun, Oyo and Ogun were randomly selected. Simple random sampling was used to select 244 NDE participants of five years and above, with 155 non-NDE participants selected using snowball technique to give a total sample size of 399 respondents. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings revealed that majority of the respondents were male with mean age of 31.0±6.1 years. Half of the respondents (50.4%) were married, earning a mean income of N21,831.7 monthly. About 57.0% participated in agricultural training and 85.2% exhibited high knowledge of NDE activities. The greatest challenge faced by 66.0% of participants was insufficient fund (1.6±0.7), with the most important benefit derived being technical skills (1.09±0.71). More participants (27.1%) were better off than non-participants (21.3%) in poverty status. Furthermore, no significant difference (t=1.95; p>0.05) exists in poverty status of participants and non-participants. However, there was a significant difference (t=15.08; p<0.00) in the poverty status of participants in agricultural and nonagricultural training. The NDE activities had a low impact on the poverty status of participants. There should be an upward review of both monetary and material grants given to the participants to create a positive effect on the poverty status of participants,Item Gender disparity in academic performance of students in the Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Ibadan, Oyo State(Departments of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso,, 2017) Adelakun O. E.Gender disparity in schooling is observed among younger population in which men perform better than women in certain settings while women outperform men in other settings. This study examined gender disparity in academic performance among faculty of agriculture and forestry students of University of Ibadan. One hundred and fifty respondents were randomly selected from 200, 300 and 400 levels and structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics such as frequencies and percentages while T-test was employed for inferential statistics. Results show that majority of the respondents were within the active age of 18-26 years (88.0%), single (86.7%) and were from monogamous family (71.3%). Conduciveness of learning environment (0.44) and parental/guardian attention (0.44) were considered by both male and female students respectively as the major factors that affect academic performance. About 45.2% of male students and Female students had positive attitude to education (53.2%) and larger percentage of female students were in 2nd class upper division (48.1%). Furthermore, there was a significant difference in the academic performance of male (3.9863) and female (4.5870) students (t=6.049, p=0.015). The study concluded that female students perform academically better than their male counterparts. Male students should be given optimum attention in gender mainstreaming advocacy.Item Socioeconomic effects of farmer-pastoralist conflict on agricultural extension service delivery in Oyo State, Nigeria(2015-12) Adelakun, O. E.The study examined the socio - economic effect of farmer-pastoralist conflict on family farming in Oyo State, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select to 60 farmers and 60 pastoralists for the research and were interviewed with structured questionnaire. Results showed that a little above half (52.6%) were between the ages of 30-50 years. The majority (63.3%) had household size of 5-9 members. Crop damage (63.3%) and indiscriminate bush burning (46.7%) were considered the most common causes of conflict between farmers and pastoralists. The majority (71%) of farmers suffer economic losses from farmer-pastoralist conflicts. About seventy five percent of farmers used more of problem-oriented (e.g. early harvesting/stock disposal) coping strategies while the majority of herdsmen (73%) used more of emotion-oriented strategies (e.g. use of charms/Vengeance. There was a significant difference (p=0.000) in socio-economic losses among farmers and pastoralists. Farmers are the worst hit of Farmer-pastoralist conflicts as it affects their family farming. Setting up of a three-tier farmer-herdsmen conflict management committee is recommended.Item Use of information communication technologies among fish farmers in Oyo State, Nigeria(2010-06) Akinbile, L. A.; Alabi, O. E.The need to reduce the import bill on fish through improved fish farming in order to meet its increasing demand led to enhancement of local production. This is through improving capacity of fish farmers with the use of Information Communication Technologies (ICTs). In determining the use of ICTs among fish farmers in Oyo State, one hundred and twenty respondents were interviewed for the study. These were selected from Ibadan/Ibarapa zone of Oyo State ADP using simple random sampling technique. The relationship between use of ICTs and income level was determined using PPMC. Results show that 89.2 percent of the respondents were married and 84.2 percent were educated with mean age of 46 years. The registered farmers updated their knowledge often from different sources, most especially from extension agents. The use of ICTs by respondents indicated a significant relationship with their income level (r = 0.264, p=0.004). The study concluded that fish farmers’ behaviour to information is not poor but they do not have enough knowledge of ICTs, especially the modern ones which will make them exploit the potentials embedded in the use. Therefore there should be enough sensitization of fish farmers on the importance and advantages of the use of ICTs.Item Performance of tropical maize hybrids under conditions of low and optimum levels of nitrogen fertilizer application – grain yield, biomass production and nitrogen accumulation(2013) Abe, A.; Adetimirin, V. O.; Menkir, A.; Moose, S. P.; Olaniyan, A. B.Nitrogen (N) is the most limiting mineral nutrient in the soils of the major maize producing areas of West and Cen¬tral Africa. Low soil N and sub-optimal application of N fertilizers lead to N deficiency and poor grain yield (GY) in maize. Maize varieties with improved grain yield under low soil N and increased performance under optimal N availability could be beneficial to low input agriculture. This study evaluated the performance of a selection of ex¬perimental and commercial hybrids under suboptimal and optimal N fertilizer applications. Significant differences were observed among the hybrids, as well as significant interactions between hybrid and N level for GY and other measured attributes, with the severity of variation increasing as the level of N decreases. Mean GY reductions across the years was 76.5% at no-N and 35.4% at low-N. Depending on N treatment, GY varied from 0.48 to 4.42 Mg ha-1, grain N content from 0.17 to 1.26 g plant-1, total N content at harvest from 0.33 to 2.00 g plant-1, above ground biomass at silking from 30.6 to 91.2 g plant-1 and at maturity from 39.9 to 191.1 g plant-1. Number of kernels was the GY component most severely reduced by N stress and had significant (p ≤ 0.001) positive correlation with GY at all N levels. Six hybrids (4001/4008, KU1409/4008, KU1409/9613, 4008/1808, 4058/Fun 47-4, and 1824/9432) which showed consistent above average grain yields under no-N, low-N, high-N and across N levels were found and their use could further be investigated.Item Soil carbon distribution in three land uses of Gambari Forest Reserve Area, Oyo State(University of Ibadan, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, 2019) Falade, O. F.; Adeagbo, A. A.Soil adsorptive property is considered for mitigation of climate change in the terrestrial ecosystem. However, there are inconsistent findings on the contribution of aggregate sizes to carbon sequestration in soil depths. Inappropriate land-use practices cause increasing greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Detail estimation of carbon associated with soil aggregates in different land-uses is required to identify land-use practice that promotes carbon accumulation. Therefore, the objective of the study was to investigate distribution of organic carbon associated with the soil aggregate sizes in selected land-uses. Three (30 m x 30 m) sample plots were established randomly in each of Natural Forest (NF), Plantation Forest (PF) and Cultivated Land (CL). Soil core samples were collected at 0-15, 15-30 and 30-45 cm depths using steel soil corers). Soil core samples were oven-dried at 105°C and bulk densities were computed. Oven-dried soil sample of 100 g was separated into five aggregates (>2, 2-1, 1-0.5, 0.5-0.05 and <0.05 mm) using the dry sieve procedure. Each aggregate (10 g) was heated in Muffle furnace at 500oC for 4 hours for soil carbon estimation. Aggregate sizes >2mm dominated NF and PL while 0.05 mm dominated CL. There was no significant difference in the distribution of aggregate sizes of NF and CL, except PL. The three land-use practices have the same proportion of aggregate 1-0.5mm at topsoil. Macro- and micro-aggregates influence soil carbon content in natural forest and plantation forest, respectively. Depth and land-use change caused re-distribution of carbon on soil aggregate sizes.Item Forest structure and tree stem carbon stock of Gambari Natural Forest Reserve, Oyo state, Nigeria(Faculty of Agriculture, University of Uyo, 2019-06) Falade, O. F.; Aderemi, S. A.Tree stems are major above-ground carbon pools in the tropical forest structure. Forest structure creates micro-climatic conditions for various ecosystem services. Natural and man-made disturbances cause changes in forest structure. However, the effect of forest structure dynamics on stem carbon sequestration is yet to be clarified in Gambari Natural Forest Reserve, Oyo State, Nigeria. Understanding influence forest structure dynamics on stem carbon could improve prediction of carbon sequestration potential of Gambari Natural Forest Reserve. Therefore, the aim of this study was to quantify forest structure and stem carbon stocks in Gambari Natural Forest Reserve. Ten sample (30m×30m2) plots were randomly demarcated in Gambari Natural Forest using stratified random sampling method comprising 5 sample plots in each identified canopy structures; closed and open. Tree stems ≥10cm diameter-at-breast-height (dbh) were identified, enumerated and species diversity indices computed. Total height (TH) and diameter were also measured for volume and carbon estimation. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA α0.05. A total of 50 tree species representing 25 families were identified in Gambari Natural Forest Reserve and closed canopy had higher diversity indices than open canopy structure. The lower and middle canopy class had the highest stems/ha in both structures. Diameter distribution of closed and open structure expressed extended reverse J-shaped and rotated sigmoid curves, respectively. Tree stem carbon stock were 0.66Mg/ha and 0.436Mg/ha in closed and open canopy structure, respectively. Microphyla pterigota (12.11%) and Triplochiton scleroxylon (25.84%) contributed highest carbon stock in closed and open canopy structures, respectively. The study concludes that the closed canopy structure of Gambari Natural Forest Reserve offers good option for carbon sequestration strategies as its structure and tree composition influences its stem carbon stock. However, only few tree species contributed to the high stem carbon stock in the study area. Therefore, these tree species can be considered in the establishment of carbon credit for carbon sequestration in Nigeria.