FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE

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Start date: 2020End date: 2023

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    Households’ Willingness-to-Pay for Value Addition in Azadirachta indica (Neem) Based Products in Ibadan Metropolis
    (2021) Akin-Olagunju O.A; Ojoawo, O.J; Adesina, M.A; Yusuf, S.A
    Azadirachta indica popularly referred to as Neem plant is one of the plants found in almost all parts of the world. In Nigeria, the plant is famously consumed in its raw form, but efforts have been made to present the products in a variety of forms through processing. Despite this value addition, however, little research has been done in assessing the readiness of the consumers to pay more for the extra entrepreneurial labour in presenting the product in a more acceptable way. Thus, this study investigates household’s willingness-to-pay (WTP) for value addition in Neem-based products in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. Primary data were collected from one hundred and twenty-one (121) respondents using multi-stage sampling procedure. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, contingent valuation method and logit regression model. Results show that 57.85% of the respondents were willing to pay highest amount for NAFDAC certification (𝑋 ̅: N615.57±116.48) followed by Brand name (53.72%; 𝑋 ̅: N538.92±328.26). Respondents were also mostly familiar with Neem powder (58.67%) and Neem soap (53.71%). However, this did not translate to usage. Age, gender, education level, occupation type and monthly expenditure were some of the factors determining WTP. The study recommends creating adequate awareness on the benefits of Neem-based products as well as formulation of policies that guarantee safety of product consumption.
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    Effect of Liquidity Management on Profitability of Commercial Banks in Nigeria
    (2021) Olaleye, O.A; Adesina, M.A; Yusuf, S.A
    Commercial banks in Nigeria are more engrossed with profit maximization and as such they tend to neglect the importance of liquidity management. This eventually leads to financial indebtedness and consequently low patronage and deposit flight. This study examined the effect of liquidity management on profitability of commercial banks in Nigeria using data obtained from the financial statements of tier 1 banks over the period 1998 to 2018. The study employed the correlational research design and engaged the Johansen test with the vector error correction model to access the long run and short run relationship among the variables. The results of the Johansen test revealed at most two cointegrating equations among the variables, while result of vector error correction revealed a positive effect of liquidity on return on asset and return on equity but a negative effect on net profit margin. Results revealed a fairly stable trend in the liquidity and profitability indicators from 1998-2018 and concluded that banks controlled enough liquidity to serve their obligations. The study recommends that the central bank of Nigeria should maintain the regulation over the minimum liquidity of commercial banks as this affects their profitability
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    Technical efficiency and socioeconomic effects on poverty dynamics among cassava-based farming households in rural Nigeria
    (AgEcon search, 2021) Obayelu , O. A.; Obayelu, A. E.; Awoku, I.
    Despite the large scale public and government investment to improve the livelihoods of smallholder farmers, rural poverty remains widespread in Nigeria. However, efficiency effects on the transitory poverty has not received much attention in the poverty literature in Nigeria due to lack of nationally representative panel data that can track the poverty status of households over time. Using a two-wave panel data between 2010 and 2015, technical efficiency effects on poverty dynamics of cassava-based rural households in Nigeria was therefore investigated. Results showed that 14.9 % of the cassava farming households moved into poverty while 31.6 % exited from poverty. In the long run, the probability that rural cassava-based farmers would be non-poor (74 %) was higher than those remaining in poverty. Two out of five (42.2%) cassava-based farmers who were always poor exited technical inefficiency. A large number of farmers were actively involved in mono-cropping and mixed cropping but 29.7%, 26.0% and 16.6% of those involved in mono-cropping were always poor, entered and exited poverty, respectively. Tertiary education, marital status, access to extension farm size, membership of association, farming systems and technical efficiency were factors influencing poverty transitions in rural Nigeria.
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    Dimensions and drivers of women’s empowerment in rural Nigeria
    (Emerald Publishing Limited, 2020) Obayelu, O. A.; Chime, A. C.
    Purpose – The majority of poor women in Africa live in rural areas, and investigating their empowerment status and factors influencing their empowerment is therefore a tool for overcoming poverty. This paper investigated the dimensions and determinants of women’s empowerment in rural Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach – This study used data from the 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS). Information on women’s agencies, resource, income, leadership and time/workload was used to construct women empowerment index (WEI). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and logit regression model. Findings – Most of the decisions were made by the women’s spouses, while decisions on how to spend her earnings were jointly made with her spouse. A majority of the women did not justify beating nor owned businesses. A larger percentage of rural women were disempowered than men; agency had the highest relative contribution to women’s disempowerment; and women in the northern zones of Nigeria were less empowered than their southern counterparts. Husband’s education and her age were inversely related to women’s empowerments while her education, household size and being the household head were directly related to it. Originality/value – There is a dearth of empirical studies on multidimensional women’s empowerment in rural Nigeria. This study therefore provides a clear understanding of drivers of women’s empowerment in rural Nigeria, and its findings are to serve as guiding documents for policymakers in designing gender-responsive interventions programs and implementation of a genuine gender mainstreaming in rural development policy in Nigeria. Further, the findings would contribute to the growing body of knowledge, especially empirical studies, on women’s empowerment in Nigeria and the developing world. Peer review – The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ IJSE-07-2019-0455
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    Corporate governance and firm performance: case of selected oil companies in Nigeria
    (2020-04) Ilemobayo, O.O.; Oke, M.A.; Yusuf, S.A.
    Separating ownership from managerial control in publicly traded firms made corporate governance a matter of necessity, due to the possibility of principal agent problem. Mostly, managers protect their own self-interest without regard for shareholders’ returns on investment, this often lead to agency conflict and consequent loss. Previous studies have focused mainly on manufacturing and banking sector, however, paucity of information exists in areas of oil firms over the years. Hence, effect of corporate governance on performance of listed oil companies in Nigeria from 2009 to 2018 were investigated. Secondary data sourced from Nigeria stock exchange covering 2009 to 2018 were used to examine effect of corporate governance on performance of six oil companies in Nigeria. Data collected include; board size, executive directors’ number, non-executive directors’ number, audit committees’ number, net annual income, shareholders’ equity, net profit/margin, assets for the period, while board composition, return on assets and equity were generated. Data collected were analysed using Cross Sessional Random Effects Model (REM) of regression analysis. Unit root test indicated that all variables were stationary at level. Audit committee (0.803277), (4.363851) exhibited a positive relationship with firms’ performance, though insignificant, while board composition (-2.647377)(-2.647377) and board size (-0.546097) (-2.948961) had an inverse relationship, though significant with ROE and ROA. All the variables jointly influence firms’ performance positively with R2(0.587999,0.597182) and adjusted R2 (0.544499,0.584174) value, respectively. Audit committees enhances firms’ performance; all variables jointly improve firms’ performance. Measures should be put in place to increase audit committees independence and the extent to which they disclose corporate governance information
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    Profitability of Small-scale Catfish Production in Southwest Nigeria: The challenges
    (2020) Alawode, O.O.; Ajagbe, S. O.
    Challenges, risks and constraints are intrinsic part of any business; fish farming is not an exception. These limit the potential and expected profit of the business. This study analysed the profitability and the challenges limiting the profitability of catfish production in Southwest Nigeria. A 2-stage random sampling procedure was used to select 400 catfish farmers in four randomly selected states in Southwest Nigeria. Structured questionnaire was designed to collect data. Descriptive statistics, Gross margin analysis, Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) and Expense Structure Ratio (ESR) were used to analyse data. The results show that on the average, size of catfish at harvest was 1.02Kg, production period was 4.37 months, market price was ₦645.45 and the breakeven price was ₦474.43. Also, the total revenue was ₦1,269,961.60, total cost was ₦933,467.98, profit was ₦336,493.62, BCR was 1.36 and ESR was 0.05. Although catfish farming is profitable in Southwest Nigeria, five categories of challenges limiting the profitability of catfish production were identified; profitability, weather, fish diseases and predators, security, and fish marketing challenges. Lack of technical know-how on the part of fish farmers contribute to the severity of business risks and challenges. These challenges have to be thoroughly analysed and adequate plans have to be made to reduce or eliminate their effects on the expected profit and success of the business. Fish farmers should prepare their business plans, analyze the market and evaluate their strengths and opportunities to minimize or eliminate the weaknesses and threats against the success and profitability in catfish business.
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    Are Yam Farmers Aware and Willing to Adopt the Aeroponics Farming System in Oyo State, Nigeria?
    (2021) Adepoju, A. O.; Olaseni, O. C.
    Despite the immense returns of new agricultural technologies to increase agricultural productivity and meet rising food demand, there is a lag in the adoption of these technologies by farmers. The aeroponics system is one of such innovative technologies implemented for seed yam propagation. This study assessed the awareness and the determinants of the willingness of yam farmers to adopt the aeroponics farming system, employing the likert scale and the logit regression model. Results showed that more than three-fifths of the farmers had never heard of the aeroponics farming system but were willing to adopt it for yam and seed yam propagation, although high cost of capital required for adoption was a major constraint. Key determinants of farmers' awareness of the aeroponics system include gender, age, education, membership of cooperative society, monthly income and access to extension agent, while the main factors influencing its adoption were marital status, age, access to credit, membership of cooperative society, farm size and income. Efforts at dissemination of aeroponics farming system for increased productivity should be intensified for its effective adoption by the farmers.
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    Are small-scale poultry farmers aware of aflatoxin contaminants in feed in oyo state, nigeria?
    (2022) Adepoju, A.; Obi, U.; Jerumeh, E.
    Aflatoxins, feed contaminants formed by certain moulds occur naturally as feed and food impurities and have toxic consequences on both animals and humans. Earlier studies on aflatoxins in Nigeria did not consider small-scale poultry farmers’ awareness of feed contamination. Thus, this study examined the level of awareness of aflatoxins in poultry feed and its determinants. Descriptive Statistics and the Logistic Regression Model were the analytical tools employed to analyse data collected from field survey in 2019. One-third of the farmers were aware of aflatoxins in feed which depicts that the level of awareness of aflatoxin in feed by the poultry farmers in the study area is low. Years of education, primary occupation, farm-scale, years of farming experience, access to information from research institutions, and membership in cooperative societies were among the key determinants of the awareness of aflatoxin in feed by the farmers. Efforts should be geared towards increasing the level of awareness of the farmers on the highly toxic contaminant even when fed to poultry at non-fatal levels. Agricultural information highlighting the detrimental consequences of aflatoxin on the health and productivity of poultry and how to minimize aflatoxin contamination in feed should be made more accessible to all farmers.
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    Nutritional Vulnerability Transitions among Rural Households in Nigeria
    (2023) Adepoju, A. O.
    Aims: It has long been considered that specific age/gender groups, such as women and children, are predisposed to nutritional vulnerability. Thus, nutritional vulnerability among agricultural households is neglected and understudied. This study aims at an empirical assessment of nutritional vulnerability dynamics among rural households in Nigeria. Study Design: Secondary data used for this study was waves 2 and 3 of the general household survey panel data. The sampling design consisted of two stages of sampling: the selection of enumeration areas based on probability proportionate to the size of the enumeration areas and the systematic random selection of ten households from each enumeration area. There were 3370 households selected in rural areas and 1630 households selected in urban areas. 2090 rural households with the required information for this study were included in the analysis. Methodology: Descriptive statistics, nutritional vulnerability score, logit regression model, Markov model, and multinomial logit regression models were used to analyse nutritional vulnerability transitions among rural households in Nigeria. Results: Nutritionally vulnerable households in rural Nigeria include those with aged heads, little or no formal education, limited assets, and no access to land or credit. Nutritional vulnerability in rural Nigeria is primarily transient, with around two-fifths of households experiencing transient nutritional vulnerability and nearly one-third experiencing chronic nutritional vulnerability. While the age of the household head, tertiary education, and access to credit all had a substantial impact on transient nutritional vulnerability, gender, tertiary education, asset value, and access to credit all had an impact on chronic nutritional vulnerability. Conclusion: Support mechanisms such as initiatives to promote access to healthy food, credit, land, and education are critical. To successfully address the issues affecting the nutrition and health of persons facing vulnerabilities, social welfare programs with interventions based on the characteristics of each vulnerable group and the predisposing factors should be adopted.
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    Gender Differentials in Educational Attainment in Rural Nigeria
    (Macrothink Institute, 2022) Adepoju, A.O.; Chibueze, O.; Ibitola O.R.
    Education, identified as the substratum of any serious nation’s growth and development, is regarded as an instrument for social change, as well as the process of preparing an individual to become a functional and acceptable member of society. It also ensures the character and moral development of the young learners and the development of sound attitudes for both genders. This study examined gender differentials in educational attainment in rural Nigeria, employing the t-test, analysis of variance and the ordinary least squares regression model for analysis. The main factor which had negative effects on educational attainment of female-headed households was the cost of schooling while factors such as the organization running the school and means of transportation had positive effects on the educational attainment of female households. On the other hand, while age and occupation of the household head had negative effects on male educational attainment, factors such as the value of asset, the organization running the school and means of transportation had positive effects. The approval and implementation of necessary legislation and policies on education targeted at rural dwellers is of utmost importance. This could center on the provision of more nearby government-owned schools as well as awareness creation on the essence of educating both genders, especially the girl child, with a focus of achieving gender balance in educational attainment.