FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE
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Item Technical and Allocative Efficiency of Poultry Egg Producers in Nigeria(2011) Ashagidigbi, W.M.; Sulaiman, S.A.; Adesiyan, AThis study carried out an analysis of the determinants of efficiency among poultry egg farmers in Jos metropolis of Plateau state, Nigeria. A three stage random sampling technique was used in collecting the data used for this study. The study shows clearly that farm size and cost of drugs are the most important inputs in poultry egg production in the area. About 69% variation in the output of poultry egg production was found to be due to the technical inefficiency of the farmers. Technical efficiency of poultry egg farmers in the study area was found to be high with a mean of 94.2%. Further, analysis reveals that the intensity of output (total production), average price of feed, price of drugs, capital input and cost on utilities are the determinants of allocative efficiency while farming experience and access to credit facilities have significant impact on cost inefficiency. The study recommended the need for stakeholders in poultry egg production to intensify effort in ensuring farmers access to credit and extension services and also sensitize farmers with respect to the right level of input combinations that can improve efficiency level of poultry egg production in NigeriaItem Effects of Social Capital on Rural Poverty in Nigeria(2007) Okunmadewa,F.Y; Yusuf, S.A; Omonona B.TAgainst the backdrop of increasing focus on the use of Local Level Institutions (LLIs) in addressing poverty and the growing literature on impact of social capital on welfare and poverty, this study provides empirical evidence for Nigeria. The study focuses on households’ memberships in LLIs using primary data from 587 households in 6 participating pilot states under the World Bank’s assisted Community-based Poverty Reduction Project (CPRP). Six measures of social capital were identified. These are density of membership, internal heterogeneity of associations, meeting attendance, payment of membership due, labor contribution and decision making. The study reveals that an average household size of 9 participates in at least 3 LLIs. Further, internal heterogeneity reveals some level of diversity in each group while meeting attendance index averaged about 60% for all participating members of households. An average of N4, 254.90 membership due and 43 days of labour are contributed by households to LLIs. The basic data from the study indicate that households with higher social capital are less poor using different dimensions of poverty. The study shows that while a unit increase in household size tend to aggravate poverty by 3.1%, one extra year of educational attainment reduces the extent of poverty by 1.6%. The level of heterogeneity of the associations, meeting attendance index, cash contribution score and the labour contribution score are the key social capital dimensions with dampening effect on poverty, in the order listed, a unit change in each of these dimensions of social capital leads to 0.85, 1.2, 0.82 and 0.3%, respectively. The findings of this study support recent emphasis on investing in social capital. In addition, it has been shown that investments in LLIs need to be part of poverty alleviation programmesItem Welfare Effects of Policy-induced Rising Food Prices on Farm Households in Nigeria(AgEcon search, 2014) Shittu, A. M.; Obayelu, O.A.; Salman, K. K.Against the background that domestic policies in Nigeria have been linked to an endemic - high, volatile and rising food prices in the country, this paper empirically examined the transmission of key monetary policy variables to domestic food prices in Nigeria. Furthermore, the study employed estimates of policy induced price changes from estimated cointegrating relations between commodity prices and policy variables, and demand elasticities from a system of household demand equations to estimate the associated compensating variation as a measure of the welfare impacts on farm households. The study found that government management of exchange rates and money supplies as well as withdrawal of subsidies from petroleum products have been the main driver of rising food prices in the country. While an average farmer was found to have benefited from the policy induced rising food prices with the mean compensated variation of -3.3% of the household budget, most of the farm households ended up being losers. The gainers were mostly owners of the relatively few large farms (-36.9%) including the commercial livestock farms (-38.9%), rice farm (-35.0%), and fish farms (-27.8%). Smallholders, which constituted about three-quarter of the farm households, lost on the average, about 8.1% of their purchasing power to the rising food prices, with female headed households also loosing 6.6% of their purchasing power.Item Determinants of Risk and Uncertainty in Oil Palm Nursery(2019) Ikudayisi, A. A; Babatunde, A. A.; Yusuf, S. AThis paper investigates the distributional effect of income among rural farm households in Nigeria.A quantile regression approach was applied on cross-section data from a nationally representative data. Ordinary least square was also used for comparison purposes. Results show that household size, asset ownership, farm size, extension services and access to credit were the most important factors explaining income distribution across quantiles but with varying magnitude.Additionally, across methods of estimation, assets ownership, farm size, extension service and household size were consistent variables that influenced farm household income. We found that factors that determines income distribution among farm households was different suggesting covariates are not constant across quantiles. This paper puts forward relevant policy options suitable for improved household livelihoodItem Spatial dimension of poverty in rural Nigeria(AcademicJournals, 2010) Obayelu. O. A.; Awoyemi, T. T.Poverty is a rural phenomenon in Nigeria. This study investigated poverty profile across geopolitical zones in rural Nigeria, using the 2003/2004 NLSS data. The result of FGT poverty decomposition shows that majority of the poor (84%) live in the rural area. Northwest zone had the highest relative contribution to incidence and depth of national rural poverty (29 and 30% respectively) while Southwest had the least relative contribution (4 and 3% respectively). Although North-central had the highest level of severity of rural poverty (P2 = 0.1454), North-west accounted for the highest relative contribution (30%) to national rural poverty.Item Determinants of traditional agricultural exports in Nigeria: an application of cointegration and correction model(2003) Okoruwa V.O.; Ogundare, G.O; Yusuf, S.AThe study aimed to derive estimates of factors influencing Nigeria’s agricultural exports to five principal countries - United States, The Netherlands, United Kingdom, Germany, and France, with the aid of error correction representation procedures. The analysis was carried out with the data collected on Nigeria primary exports - cocoa, palm kernel, and rubber, over 38 years (1960 - 1997). Agricultural commodity exports to the selected countries were influenced by the domestic output, population growth, quantity supplied by competing countries, index of industrial production of importing countries, and time trend. However, the domestic output and population growth rate were the most significant factors influencing agricultural exports in the importing countries. In addition, there is high feedback captured by the coefficients of the error correction mechanism. There seems to be an instantaneous change in the short-run equilibrium to long-run equilibrium values of agricultural exports as a result of policy changes in the regressors. Efforts to boost agricultural exports from Nigeria will need to incorporate policy measures to improve producer prices, enhance the quality of the products, and ensure timely exports of the commodities, especially those with a positive relationship between the index of industrial production of importing countries and Nigeria’s exports. With short-run policy changes by the importing countries, the rate of response by Nigerian producers through exports will be almost spontaneous, as indicated by the coefficient of the error correction mechanism ECM (-1).Item Determinants of Selected Agricultural Export Crops in Nigeria: An Ecm Approach(2007) Yusuf, S.A.; Yusuf, W.AThis study examines the factors that determine the export performance of three major agricultural exportable commodities of cocoa, rubber and palm-kernel in the context of liberalization. Using time series data covering thirty-three years and to avoid spurious result, error correction model was applied in the analysis. The unit root test is in line with the a priori expectation that macroeconomic variables are not stationary at their level. Virtually all the variables tested were differenced once before attaining stationarity. Each of the three equations indicated that the dependent variables cointegrated with their arguments at 1 percent level. There is the existence of short term and long term equilibrium relationships between the dependent variables and their determinants. The results of the parsimonious error correction specifications showed that the previous year’s output and the net value of world trade negatively affect cocoa exports at 1 percent level while the previous year’s GDP positively contributes to cocoa exports at 5 percent. The lagged price ratio reduces rubber exports significantly at 5 percent but the real exchange rate significantly increases the export performance of rubber at 10 percent level. The previous year’s exports of palm kernel and the real GDP contributed positively to palm-kernel exports at 5 percent level while the lagged premium and palm kernel output negatively contributed to its export at 5 percent and 10 percent respectively. Promotion of agricultural exports is essential to reduce the burden of dependence on oil exportsItem GENDER AND RETURNS TO MARKETING OF NON-TIMBER FOREST PRODUCTS IN SOUTHWEST NIGERIA(2017) Obayelu, O. A.; Farinola, L. A.Marketing of commercially important Non-timber Forest Products (NTFPs) can be a potential source of livelihoods and a major source of rural income for both men and women. Many of these NTFPs have market demand, so they offer an opportunity to earn cash income especially in cash-constrained rural economies where alternative sources of cash-income generating employments arc very limited. The study assessed gender and returns to non-timber forest products marketing in Omo Forest Reserve in Ogun State. Data was obtained from 192 respondents through a multistage sampling process to select four villages each of the four administrative areas (JI, J3, J4 and J6) of the forest reserve. Results showed that a majority of the respondents were female with a mean age of 4 7±9 .41 years and an average household size of7±3.22 members. A typical household had an average mean dependency ratio of 1.1±0.83. About 83.3% of the respondents had at least primary education and there was a significant difference in the means of total cost, gross margin, profit and marketing efficiency from marketing ofNTFPs among the male and female extractors. High transaction cost was the most severe constraint faced during the collection of NTFPs. Marketing of these NTFPs was profitable and highly efficient.Item Factors explaining postharvest loss of hot pepper under tropical conditions(Taylor & Francis Group, 2019) Obayelu, O. A.; Adegboyega, O. M.; Sowunmi, F. A.; Idiaye, C. O.Major loss of hot pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacquin) in the humid tropics is due to disease and spoilage during postharvest storage following harvest occurring when conditions are cool and damp. The study assessed socio-economic drivers of postharvest loss of hot pepper in the tropics in order to provide empirical information on the underlying causes of postharvest losses of hot pepper for efficient and sustainable hot pepper value chain policies under tropical conditions. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, gross margin analysis and binary logistic regression. Although Capsicum chinense had a low yield in the sub-humid region, it was profitable. Being a male, primarily engaged in farming, reduced the likelihood of high postharvest loss, while long distances and high transportation costs increased it. Technical and marketing support for smallholder farmers, especially females, could reduce postharvest loss of hot pepper.Item Livelihood diversification and welfare of rural households in Ondo State, Nigeria(academicJournal, 2013) Adepoju A. O.; Obayelu O. A.Agriculture, the main source of livelihood in Nigeria, especially in the rural areas, is plagued with various problems. As a result, most of the rural households are poor and are beginning to diversify their livelihoods into off and non-farm activities as a relevant source of income. This study examined the effect of livelihood diversification on the welfare of rural households in Ondo State. Primary data used in the study were obtained from 143 respondents selected employing a multistage sampling technique. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, multinomial logit and the logit regression models. The distribution of respondents by the type of livelihood strategy adopted revealed that almost three-quarters of the respondents adopted the combination of farm and nonfarm strategy. Econometric analysis showed that household size, total household income and primary education of the household head were the dominant factors influencing the choice of livelihood strategies adopted. Income from non-farm activities, as well as income from a combination of non-farm and farming activities, impacted welfare positively relative to income from farming activities. The study recommends the promotion of non-farm employment as a good strategy for supplementing the income of farmers as well as sustaining equitable rural growth.