FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE

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    Effect of phytohormones and genotype on meristem and shoot tip culture of teifaira occidentalis hook F
    (Elewa Biosciences Journals, 2012) Adesoye, A. I.; Okooboh, G. O.; Akande, S. R.; Balogun, M. O.; Odu, B. O.
    Objectives: The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of plant growth regulators (PGR), genotype and explant type on in vitro shoot induction, elongation, and multiplication in Telfairia occidentalis. Methodology and Results: In this study attempts were made to induce shoots from meristem and shoot tip culture of Telfairia occidentalis Hook F. Shoot apical meristems with 1-2 leaf primordia and shoot tip explants were aseptically isolated and cultured on ½ N6 medium supplemented with different combinations of 2mg/l BAP, IAA and kinetin. Explants were derived from seedlings of two T. occidentalis genotypes grown in sterilized soils inside vials in the laboratory. Regeneration response were examined based on five parameters – callus formation, shoot length, number of shoots per explant, number of leaves per explant and number of nodes. Shoot induction, elongation and multiplication were most effectively promoted by the medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/lBAP + 2.0 mg/l IAA for shoot tip culture, while 2.0 mg/l BAP was most effective for shoot regeneration from meristem culture. Genotype I was significantly higher than Genotype II in shoot bud regeneration response (p<0.05). Culture of explants from shoot tip led to better shoot egeneration in comparison to explants from meristem. Callus formation/induction was also influenced by explants and media interaction. Conclusion and Application of Findings: In vitro shoot induction from meristem and shoot tip culture of T. occidentalis has been demonstrated. These in vitro culture procedures would be useful for developing uniform clones or micropropagation and could also form the basis for in vitro storage of explants and subsequent regeneration of plantlets after long term conservation in this species. The recalcitrant nature its seeds makes alternative means of genetic resources conservation very necessary. More importantly, meristem culture technique is useful for developing virus-free clones and avoids the limitations imposed by conventional mode of planting. Calli produced could also be excellent targets for genetic transformation and improvement of this species.
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    Evaluation of dietary supplementation of ammonium sulphate on in vitro gas production and rumen fermentation characteristics of WAD ewes
    (Science Domain, 2016-06) Ososanya, T. O.; Shehu, S. A.; Inyang, U. A.
    Ammonium sulphate, a chemical compound was utilized to evaluate its potential through in vitro gas production technique and rumen fermentation characteristics as a rumen stimulator and mitigates methane gas. Four experimental diets were formulated with ammonium sulphate (AS) included at varying levels: T1 (control/0% AS), T2 (control diet + 0.25% AS), T3 (control diet + 0.50% AS) and T4 (control diet + 0.75% AS). Rumen fluid was collected from the ewes, sixteen in number and weighing 24 kg averagely, using suction tube method to evaluate in vitro gas production, determine microbial population and rumen fermentation characteristics. Gas production was determined over a 96 hour period. Other data collected included organic matter digestibility (OMD%), short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFA μml), Metabolisable Energy (ME MJ/KJ DM), Degradability (D%), Volatile Fatty Acids (VFA), rumen pH, temperature and ammonia nitrogen (AN). Results showed no significant differences (p>0.05) for in vitro gas production profiles (i.e. total gas, OMD, ME, SCFA). However, as inclusion increased it stimulated the parameters measured to be numerically higher than control. Methane gas was highest for control diet (4 ml/200 mg DM) while T2 recorded the least (2 ml/200 mg DM). Degradability increased as the inclusion level of AS increased. Control diet was the lowest (32%) while T4 had the highest (45%). The rumen fermentation characteristics showed significant (p<0.05) differences for all the parameters measured except rumen temperature. Animals on T4 diet recorded the highest (p<0.05) pH value (6.85) while those on T2 diet had the least (6.53). Animals on Control diet recorded the highest values (p<0.05) for AN and acetic acid (100.40 mg/l and 8.98 mol/100L) while the least values were observed in animals on T2 diet (AN) and those on T4 (acetic acid). Increase inclusion of AS caused a decrease in acetic acid. Rumen bacteria was highest (p<0.05) in animals on T4 (1.40 x 10(6)cfu/mm(3)) and lowest in those on T3 (0.65 x 10(6)cfu/mm(3)). For fungi and protozoa, animals on T4 and T2 diets were higher (p<0.05) respectively than those on Control diet (1.15 and 1.09 x 10(6)cfu/mm(3) compared to 1.10 and 0.85 x 10(6)cfu/mm(3) respectively). Supplementation of AS has been validated by this study, with a 0.75% inclusion level resulting in lowest methane gas, and higher ME, SCFA, pH, bacteria and fungi and may be recommended for ruminant feeding.