FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE
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Item Effect of displacement on livelihood activities of rural dwellers within omo forest reserve of Ogun state, Nigeria(2014-06) Tijani, F. S.; Aluko, O. J.The study assessed the effect of displacement on livelihood activities of the rural dwellers within Omo Forest Reserve in Ogun State. Multistage sampling procedure was used to select 108 respondents. Data on livelihood activities, sources of information, effect of displacement on livelihood activities as well as constraints faced by respondents due to displacement with respect to livelihood activities were collected through structured interview schedule. Frequency counts, percentages, Chi-square, PPMC and t-test were used to analyze the data. Results reveal that most (67.5%) of the respondents were below 50 years, married (58.5%), males (72.8%) and 89.8% had educational level up to secondary school. Little above half (53.7%) were indigenes and 97.2% had experienced displacement thrice or less. Change in government policies was regarded as the major cause (89.9%) of the displacement. Displacement reduces both cash and arable crop production most and the effect was high on majority (68.5%) of the respondents. Major constraints to involvement in livelihood activities were transportation (ẋ=2.98) and fear of untimely displacement (ẋ=2.89). There were significant relationships between marital status (χ2=18.454), years of formal education (χ2=18.659), effect of livelihood activities (r=- 0.460,); causes of displacement (r=-0.460); constraint to involvement (r=-0.329) and level of involvement in livelihood activities. Displacement had negative implications on the respondents’ livelihood activities. It is recommended that participatory and sustainable approaches that would resolve displacement issues should be designed so as to prevent conflict and disruption of livelihood.Item Livelihood Outcomes of Beneficiaries of University-Based Agricultural Extension System in Southwestern Nigeria(2016) Ademola, A. O.University-Based Agricultural Extension System (UBAES) was established to complement the activities of the conventional agricultural extension system. One of its objectives was to impact on the livelihoods of beneficiaries through enhanced food security, improved health status, and reduced vulnerability to poverty. Previous studies have focused more on livelihood diversification and income to the neglect of their outcomes. Therefore, livelihood outcomes of beneficiaries of UBAES in southwestern Nigeria were investigated. A multistage sampling procedure was used to select respondents. The UBAESs of University of Ibadan (UI), Obafemi Awolowo University (OAU) and the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta (FUNAAB) were purposively selected due to their years of existence. Proportionate and simple random sampling were used to select 70% of the active participants in each UBAESs to get 108 beneficiaries in UI, 126 in OAU and 140 in FUNAAB to give a sample size of 374 respondents. Structured interview schedule was used to collect data on respondents‟ personal characteristics, livelihood abilities (17-46 low, 47-106 high), social capital (14-26 low, 27-58 high), and physical capital (13-20 low, 21-55 high). Others are human capital (0-25 low, 26-130 high), and financial capital (12-22 low, 23-80 high), natural capital (4-21 low, 22-156 high), benefits derived from UBAES (3-12 low, 13-21 high), and livelihood activities (11-19 low, 20-57 high). The rest are food security (28-49 low, 50-80 high), perceived health status (47-66 low, 67-75 high), vulnerability to poverty (13-26 low, 27-73 high) and livelihood outcomes (73-120 low, 121-178 high). Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square, Pearson product moment correlation, ANOVA and linear regression at α 0.05. Respondents were mostly male (59.4%), married (73.0%), with age and household size of 43.1±15.60 years and 6.4±2.42 persons, respectively. Farming experience, record keeping, and professional group membership were 18.6±14.31, 8.6±7.31, and 14.4±2.89 years, respectively. Averagely, respondents belonged to three occupational groups and had low livelihood ability (56.1%). More respondents had high social (57.0%) and physical (51.1%) capitals, while human (58.6%), financial (56.1%) and natural (69.8%) capitals were low. Benefits of participating in UBAESs (57.0%) were high, but livelihood activities (56.7%) were low. Most respondents were food secured (65.2%), perceived health status and livelihood outcomes were high for 60.4% and 54.4%, respectively, while vulnerability to poverty was low for 61.0% of the respondents. There was a significant association between livelihood outcomes and educational attainment (χ2=0.196), and there was a significant relationship between livelihood outcomes and age (r=0.178), natural capital (r=0.146), social capital (r=0.282) and human capital (r=0.216). Respondents‟ livelihood outcomes significantly differed across UBAESs of UI (124.5±15.29), OAU (122.1±12.82) and FUNAAB (117.6±11.27). Livelihood outcomes were influenced by social capital (β=0. 185), UBAES influence (β=0. 154), human capital (β=0. 142) and physical capital (β=-0. 144). Beneficiaries of University-Based Agricultural Extension System in the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta had the lowest livelihood outcomes, while those of the University of Ibadan had the highest in southwestern Nigeria. Influences of University-Based Agricultural Extension System, social capital, physical capital and human capital are the determinants of livelihood outcomes across University-Based Agricultural Extension System