FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE

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    Growth performance and nutrient utilization of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fingerlings fed diets with differently fermented sesame seed (Sesame indicus)
    (Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, 2011) Olukunle, O.; Onuegbu, C. G.
    An experiment was conducted to assess the Growth Response (GR) and Nutrient Utilization (NU) of differently processed fermented sesame seed (Sesame inducum) in the diets of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings. Three categories of Sesame Seed (SS) (undehulled, dehulled and prepressed) were fermented at room temperature. Their phytic acid and tannin content were determined pre and post fermentation. Four diets were then formulated at 40%, Crude Protein level; Diet 1 (control with 0% SS inclusion); Deit 2, Undehulled Fermented SS 25% inclusion); Diet 3 Dehulled fermented SS 25% (dehulled fermented SS 25%inclusion), and diet 4 (prepressed fermented SS 25% inclusion). These diets were fed to the fish at 3% of their body weight, two times daily for 8 weeks. Each treatment had three (3) replicates, with 10 individual fish average initial weight of 1.62g. At the end of the experiment, fish carcass (whole body) were analysed for proximate composition. Result showed that fish fed Diet 1 which is the control had the best growth performance and nutrient utilization values while fish fed Diet 2 had the poorest values for these parameters. Among the differently fermented sesame seed diets, Diet 4 had the best Growth Performance (GP) and Nutrient Utilization (NU) indicies. The Specific Growth rate and the Food Conversion Ratio of Diet 1 were better and significantly (p<0.05) different from the fermented sesame seed based diets while the protein intake of all the diets were not significantly (P<0.05) different from each other. The dehulled and prepressed based diets showed appreciable increase in GP and NU values when compared to other sesame seed fermented based diets. This observation was adjudged to be due to the reduction of tannin content from 0.066% (initial) to 0.056, 0.035 and 0.024% respectively and for phytic acid from 0.248% (initial) to 0.236, 0.216 and 0.187% in undehulled, dehulled and Prepressed Sesame Seed (PSS) based diets respectively. Fermented (PSS) based diet performed significantly (P<0.05) best when compared with other fermented sesame seed based diets, due to the fact that prepressing of the seed further reduced the concentration of the antinutritional factor.
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    Growth performance and nutrient utilization of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) fry fed processed sweet potatoe(Ipomea batata)
    (2007) Olukunle, O.; Odebode, S.; Taiwo, V. O.
    Maize is an expensive energy source for feedstuff in fish management especially during the off-season, hence the need to source and utilize other cheaper and non-conventional energy sources. This study investigated the growth performance of Clarias gariepinus fry fed processed sweet potato meal as an energy source and its effect on the hematological values. Three experimental diets were compounded such that maize was 100% energy source in Diet 1 (Control). In diets 2 and 3, maize was replaced with sweet potatoes tuber (SPT) and sweet potato peel (SPP), respectively at 25% inclusion level. The diets were fed at 5% body weight to the C. gariepinus fry (0.21 ±0.03) in polystyrene net cages suspended in 3 concrete tanks (2x3x1.2)m3 for 42 days in triplicates. Growth, nutrient utilization and hematological parameters were measured. The Mean Weight Gain (MWG) of the fry fed the maize based diet (1.96) was significantly higher (p<0.05) than the fry fed SPT (1.37) and SPP (1.27) respectively. The MWG of fry fed diets 2 and 3 were not significantly different from each other. The FCR of the control and the SPT based diets were not significantly different from each other but both were significantly different (p<0.05) from fish fed the SPP diet. The Growth Efficiency Feed Conversion (GEFC) values of the 3 diets (0.50, 0.51, and 0.40) respectively are not significantly different from each other. However, the PER and the survival rates were significantly better in fry fed the SPT based diet (0.51: 95%) than in fry fed the maize based diet (0.50: 92%) and the SPP based diet(0.40: 82%) respectively. The haemotology results showed that the fry fed the control diet had the lowest MCV and WBC counts while the fry fed SP based diets manifested moderately severe normocyctic normochromic anemia and leucocytosis, which means that the maize diet showed better hematological indices. This study showed that SP based diets have potential as substitute for maize. Maize based diet and especially the SPT, have similar FCR, dietary energy, GEFC values.