FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE
Permanent URI for this communityhttps://repository.ui.edu.ng/handle/123456789/261
Browse
1290 results
Search Results
Item Allelopathic effect of Chromolaena odorata (L) (R.M. King and Robinson) extracts on the growth and development of Celosia argentea(2012) Ogundola, A. F.; Liasu, M. O.; Fayinminnu, O. O.; Adelasoye, K. A.Plant species avoiding or excluding other plants species from growing in its environment is likely to contain allelopathic substances that are responsible for the reaction. Codorata has been observed to possess allelopathic characteristics. Therefore, the allelopathic potentials of chemical substances present in C. odorata was assessed on the growth performances of Celosia argentea in a pot experiment. Plant extracts from Chromolaena odorata were analysed to determine the active chemical ingredients. Results of physico- chemical analyses of the soil indicated that it was moderately suitable for agricultural purpose, as all the nutrients needed for proper performance were contained in the soil such as %Nitrogen (20.55), %Organic carbon(18,60), Organic matter content (28.40). P(μg/g-5.68), pH(6.86) K (mg/100g 1.20), Ca (mg/100g 25.90), Mg(mg/100g-3.16).Na(mg/100g-1.20), Cu(mg/100g-0.64), and Mn(mg/100g-0.05). Chromolaena extracts contained Saponins, tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids and terpenoids as active chemical ingredients. Tanins has the highest mean concentration of 52.6mg/100g of the extract while flavonoids recorded the lowest mean concentration of 15.33mg/100g in the leaves. There is significant difference at p= 0.05 in the growth performance of Celosia in control and experiments. The results are t a 0.05 2.8, 3.0, 1.8, 2.7 and 2.3 for the plant height, stem diameter, mid-rib, number of leaves, and number of branches respectively. Chromolaena extracts boost the performance of Celosia argentea, instead of affecting the growth and performance negatively.Item Phytoremediation of Pb, Cd and As from Urban Solid Waste Compost Using Tithonia diversifolia (Hemnsl.) A. Gray and Ageratum conyzoides L.(Annals of West University of Timişoara, ser. Biology (Romania), 2012) Dada, O. A.; Fayinminnu, O. O.; Taiwo, T. O.Soil and water contaminated with heavy metals pose a major environmental and human health problem in Nigeria. This study was carried out to ascertain the presence of heavy metals in Urban Solid Waste Compost (USWC) and examined the potentials of Tithonia diversifolia and Ageratum conyzoides in remediating heavy metals constituents of USWC. The study was carried out in the crop garden of the Department of Crop Production, Olabisi Onabanjo University, College of Agricultural Sciences, Ayetoro. The trial was a completely randomized design with four replicates. The treatment was made of two plant species belonging to Compositae family and USWC obtained from three different dump site locations in Ayetoro and a control.Two seeds of the two plant species were sown in pots containing 20kg of USWC and grown for 12 weeks. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and means separated by LSD at p≤ 0.05. At the commencement of the trial, the concentration of Pb, Cd and As in the USWC from the three dumpsites averaged 15mg/kg, 0.53mg/kg and 0.15mg/kg respectively. Post trial analysis showed that Pb, Cd and As contents of the USWC was reduced by 97.99%, 75.90% and 11.69% respectively. Uptake of Pb (t α =0.05 = 0.36), Cd (t α =0.05 = 0.64), and As (t α =0.05 = 0.91) by the two plant species were not significantly (p<0.05) different. Partitioning of the pollutants was more in roots (Pb = 15.15 mg/kg, Cd = 0.57mg/kg and As = 0.13mg/kg) than shoots (Pb = 14. 89mg/kg, Cd = 0.49mg/kg and As = 0.15mg/kg). The implication of the results for the quality of arables produced at urban and peri-urban roadside gardens as well as human health and environmental problems are discussed.Item Period of Weed Control in Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) as Influenced by Varying Rates of Cattle Dung and Weeding Regimes.(Notulae Botanicae Horti AgrobotaniciCluj-Napoca, 2013) Dada, O. A.; Fayinminnu, O. O.Field trials were conducted during 2005 and 2006 planting seasons to investigate the influence of cattle dung and the critical period of weed interference on growth and yield components of okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L). Moench]. The study was a factorial trial laid out in a split plot design and replicated three times. The main plot comprised of four levels of cattle dung and the sub plots were three regimes of weeding. The growth attributes viz; plant height, number of leaves, leaf area and dry matter production differed significantly due to different treatments. These attributes increased significantly owing to the application of cattle dung which leads to continuous availability of nutrients to the plants as well as appropriate timing of weeding which reduced the influence of weed interference on the okra. Yield and yield components were influenced significantly by the application of cattle dung and weeding regimes. The highest fresh fruit yield (102.93 t ha-1) was observed in plots that received 8 t ha-1cattle dung and weeded at 3 and 6 weeks after sowing. Application of 8 t ha-1 of cattle dung as well as weeding at 3 and 6 weeks after sowing significantly enhanced okra growth and fruit yield. However, plots with sub-optimal cattle dung rate and infested with weeds until harvest produced the least dry matter and fresh fruit yield.Item The Toxicological effect of paraquat post emergence herbicide on growth characteristics of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp).(University of Ibadan, 2010) Fayinminnu, O. O.; Adesiyan, S. O.The study was conducted to examine the effect of paraquat herbicide on growth characteristics of cowpea. The paraquat herbicide was applied at two rates; 0.50 and 1.00kg ai/ha. Information was obtained on the vegetative growth parameters of cowpea which included plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, phytotoxicity and weed control effectiveness of the herbicide. The results showed that there were significant differences (P< 0.05) in vegetative growth in cowpea plants when paraquat was used as post emergence herbicide for weed control. There was good growth and adequate weed control achieved by all herbicide treatments evaluated until 9 weeks after planting (WAP) before decline set in. However, cowpea plant heights were significantly higher (P<0.05) in plots treated with paraquat at 1.00kg ai/ha. Highest number of leaves was recorded during growth at 4 – 6 WAP with paraquat at 1.00kg ai/ha. The leaf area also showed significant difference (P<0.05) in plants treated with handweeded and paraquat herbicide at 0.50 and 1.00kg ai/ha. However, cowpea vegetative growth performance in herbicide treatments compared favourably with handweeded control plots and better than the unweeded control. Phytotoxicity symptoms to cowpea plants was high in paraquat treated plots at the rate of 1.00kg ai/ha than at 0.50kg ai/ha at 4 - 6 WAP. The highest plant height and leaf area were obtained from handweeded control plots while the unweeded plots gave the poorest growth parameters.Item Loss of Biodiversity Through Different Sources of Pollution.(University of Ibadan, 2010) Ogundola, A. F.; Atayese, A.; Ajao, O. S.; Ishola, O. A.; Fayinminu, O. O.; Liasu, M. O.; Ogunkunle, A. T. JA major source of loss of plant biodiversity has been traced to anthropogenic factors, in which pollution is an important aspect. This necessitates establishment of facts on different polluted sites in Oyo, and Osun States in order to prevent the occurrence that further leads to loss of biodiversity of the affected ecosystems. Descriptive research was carried out to assess the level of distortion done to the former stabilized environments. This was aimed to assessing the floral composition of two different spent oil and fertilizer polluted ecosystems using quadrat method of sampling. Relative densities, frequencies and Importance value of each plant in the study sites were carefully calculated. The results informed that: the floral composition of the oil spent polluted sites when compared with their respective control sites and the other (2) fertilizer polluted sites, recorded less diverse plant species. There was increased in the density of monocotyledonous plant species such as: Maximum panicum, Pennisetum pedicellatum, Eragrostis spp and others. However, the fertiliser polluted sites are less reduced in plant species diversity when compared with their respective control sites. Passiflora foetida is the only plant species growing on the two (2) polluted sites but not in all control sites except that of fertilizer polluted control site. Oil spent polluted site, being the most vulnerable site to loss of plant species needs to be checked from continuity in order to guide against the worst occurrence that leads to climate change.Item Effect of Plant Growth Hormone (Biogro) on Behavior and Serum Biochemistry of Wistar Rat(CRIN, 2021) Adebiyi, O. E.; Dixon, H. G.; Fayinminu, O. O.With the purpose of studying data on spontaneous customary changes in wistar rats and effect of Blogro (B18 fertilizer) on organ enzymes (serum biochemistry), we administered food laced with dried okra treated with the biogro. This study was carried out at three different places which are the animal experimental house, water hyacinth, National Horticultural Research Institute (NIHORT) Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria, the Clinical pathology laboratory, University of Ibadan, Nigeria and the histopathology laboratory at the Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. A total of 32 wistar rats were used for the experiment, with the rats divided into eight groups. Four rats occupy a unit/cell of the cage, making it eight treatments replicated four times. The experiment was laid out in complete randomized design (CRD) and data were analyzed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The biogro treatments (treated on okra plants) were administered daily as it was included in the feed given for five days (acute toxicity test). On the termination of the experiment, all the rats were observed not to have any behavioral changes as they all appear and were normally behaved, and sacrificed, blood samples were taken for analysis. At the end of the experiment, it was observed that the treatment had no significant effect on the blood parameter AST = Aspertate amino transferase, TB = Total bilirubin, EO= Eosine, ALP = Alkaline Phosphate, ALT= Alanine amino transferase, TP = Total protein, ALB Albumin, GLB = Globulin.Item Effects of Dichlorvos (DDVP) on the Haematology properties of Wistar rats(Delta State University, 2015) Olaoye, S. O.; Fadina, O. O.; Fayinminnu, O. O.; Adedire, O. M.; Ogundipe, W. F.; Fajobi, A. K.; Farinu, A. O.The potential sub-chronic toxicological effects of oral administration of Dichlorvos (DDVP) on wistar rats was investigated for a period of 6 weeks. Thirty-two (32) wistar rats (equal number of both sexes) were uniformly divided into two groups while each group comprised of 4 divisions with four rats each. At the end of experiment, animals were sacrificed and haematological test was carried out to investigate the possible toxicological effects of the oral administration of the pesticide on the rats. Results generally showed a dose- dependent response with PCV, Hb. RBC and Plat values that are significantly different from each other (P<0.05) among the male rats while PCV and RBC values are significantly different from each other (P<0.05) while all other haematological parameters in both sexes showed no significant difference from each other at P<0.05. This result suggests that ingestion of the pesticide (Dichlorvos) may not be toxic at the doses investigated.Item Assessment of Bio-nematicides on the growth and yield of cowpea planted on nematode infested soil.(2015) Olabiyi, T. I.; Akande, V. O.; Atungwu, J. J.; Fayinminnu, O. O.; Gbadamosi, A. R.Nematodes remain global treats to the cultivation of cowpea. Use of synthetic nematicides have been the usual practice for the control of nematode pests of cowpea, but most times they are not available in market for the use of farmers and not eco-friendly. Their persistency in the soil is dangerous to soil health. All these side-effects of synthetic nematicides have prompted the scientists to search for environment friendly control measures. Application of bio- nematicides is one of the suggested measures because of their bio-degradable and non- persistency natures. The objective of this research was to assess the effects of plant-based bio- nematicides on the growth and yield of cowpea planted on nematode infested soil. The bio- nematicides were formulated from the combination of black soap and dried leaf of Chromolaena odorata, Hyptis suaveolens, Lantanacamara and Nicotiana tabacum.Single application of black soap and water served as control experiment 1 and 2 respectively. The six treatments was fitted into randomized complete block design and replicated four times. Nematodes identified in the soil includes: Meloidogyne, Pratylenchus, Helicotylenchus and Xiphinema species. The results showed that the root damage and soil population of nematodes were significantly (P<0-05) reduced in the plots where plant-based bio- nematicides were applied when compared with the controls. The growth and yield of cowpea treated with the plant-based bio-nematicides were significantly (P<0-05) more enhanced than those that were not treated. Research work is ongoing to characterise the plant-based bio-nematicides.Item "Evaluation of Moringa oleifera root extract Biopesticide in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.).(2015) Fayinminnu, O. O.; Olaosebikan, F. T.; Olabiyi, T. I.Pot experiment was carried out at the open roof top garden of the Department of Crop Protection and Environmental Biology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, to evaluate the biopesticidal potential of Moringa oleifera on Helicoverpa armigera insect pest of Solanum lycopersicum (Tomato). There were five treatments replicated four times and laid out in a completely randomised design (CRD). The treatments were 20g/L, 40g/L, 60g/L of root powder of M.oleifera prepared as extract in 1 litre of water respectively, Cypermethrin (0.125ml/L) and control (no insecticide). They were applied on tomato plants from five weeks after sowing (WAS) till final harvest. Data collected were on plant height, number of leaves, number of branches, number of fruits and fruit weight/yield of S. lycopersicumand analyzed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA at P=0.05. Results revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponis, reducing sugar, triterpenoids and anthraquinone as the phytochemical compounds present in M. oleifera rootpowder. There were no significant differences (p>0.05) observed among the treatments in growth parameters but significant difference (p<0.05) was observed on yield (fruit weight) parameter of S. lycopersicum. The potency and efficacy of M. oleifera rootextracts at 60g/L and other treatments on Helicoverpa armigera insectpest compared favourably with synthetic cypermethrin (0.125ml/L) in recording highest growth parameters while the synthetic recorded the lowest values in all parameters in the study. This study revealed that Moringa oleifera root extract could suppress Helicoverpa armigera insectpest population and could be used as a natural pesticide in tomato production with additional economic benefit in enhancing organic farming for food sustainability.Item The pesticidal potential of Alternanthera brasiliana (L.) O. Kuntze in Solving pest problem in organic agriculture(International Society of Organic Agriculture Research, 2014) Fayinminnu, O. O.; Shiro, O. O.This study was carried out at the Teaching and Research Farm of University of Ibadan, Nigeria between March and May 2013, to evaluate the pesticidal potential of A. brasiliana on H. recurvalis pest of A. cruentus. There were six treatments of different serial concentration levels of 100, 75, 50 and 25% of A. brasiliana extract, Cypermethrin (1ml/100mls) and control (no insecticide), replicated four times and laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) and applied on A. cruentus at 3 and 5 Weeks After Sowing (WAS). Data collected were on plant height, number of leaves, stem girth, leaf area and fresh weight/yield of A. cruentus and analyzed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA at P = 0.05. Results revealed the presence of saponins, flavonoids, reducing sugar, glycosides and resins as the phytochemical compounds present in A. brasiliana leaf powder. Significant differences (p<0.05) were observed among the treatments in growth and yield parameters of A. cruentus. The pesticidal efficacy of A. brasiliana extract at 100% on H.recurvalis insect pest compared favourably with synthetic cypermethrin and other treated plots in recording highest while control recorded the lowest values in all parameters in the study. This study revealed that A. brasiliana extract could suppress H. recurvalis insect pest and could be used as botanical pesticide in Amaranthus cruentus production in organic farming.