FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE
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Item Determinants of Agricultural Intensification in Southwest Nigeria(2012) Oyekale, A.S.; Adepoju, A.O.Declining agricultural production in many developing countries has prompted increased use of some inputs while continuous cropping prevails. This study analysed the factors promoting different forms of agricultural intensification in southwestern Nigeria. Data collected from randomly selected farmers in selected states in southwestern Nigeria were used. Results show that farmers from Osun State have the highest indices of intensification with respect to land use intensity, fertilizer use intensity and crop diversification. The censored regression showed that lost working days, use of fertilizers, crop rotation, and having more inherited land increased land use intensity while use of organic manure, minimum tillage and poverty reduced crop diversification index. Fertilizer use intensity increased with the use of minimum tillage and household size while hired and family labour use intensity increased with household size. It was recommended that in the face of increasing land degradation, farmers’ access to fertilizer must be increased and efforts to reduce their poverty level must be promoted, among others.Item Climate induced changes on fishing activities of artisanal fisher folks in the coastal area of Ogun State(Agricultural Extension Society of Nigeria, 2015) Tijani, S. A.; Hassan, F. A.The climate induced changes on the fishing activities of artisanal fisher folks was investigated in Ogun Waterside Local Government Area of Ogun State. Daze were obtained from one hundred and twelve fisher men using simple random sampling technique. Data analysis was done through the use of descriptive and inferential statistics (Chi-square, t-test at p=0.05 Findings show most respondents were male (90.2%). married 92 2% and mostly used family labour (80.3%). Most (69.6%) of the respondents used fishing net of various mesh sizes and The majority 72.3% of the fisher folk used unmotorized boats and traditionals. Factors influencing changes in fishing activities include reduction of volume of fish catch (79 5%), damage of nets and boats by ocean surges (50.4%), wind storm (59.8%), flooding of dwelling house and fa—-srz 84.8% and problem of fuel wood (81.3%).Coping strategies emearked upon by the fisher folks to combat the effect of climate charge were channelization of beels to Atlantic ocean (90.2%), construction of plant foot bridges (83.9%) and the use of hard wood to construct canoes (61.6%). More than half of the respondents (56.2%) had unfavourable perception of climate change on the extinction of fish species There were significant relationship between age (age x2=7 730). household size (x2=155.479) and volume of fish caught. There was a significant difference between the volume of fish caught ten years ago and now (t=22.427). Climate change has impacted negatively on the fishing activities of the artisanal fisher folks. It is recommended that metrological stations need to be resuscitated and well equipped in human resource and modem equipment to function effectively in climate information dissemination.Item Reporting of climate change news in three Nigerian newspapers(Agricultural Extension Society of Nigeria, 2012-06) Fawole, O. P.; Olajide, B. R.The trend of news frame in the print media has implications for public perception of emerging development issues and actions that members of the public in general and farmers in particular will take in similar situations in the future. Combining the occurrence of climate change topical news variables and framing theories, this study content-analysed 111 climate news items framed in three Nigerian newspapers (the Guardian, Punch and Nigerian Tribune) between January 2010 and June 2011. Variables measured included news types, placement, sources, space allotted and period of report of climate change related stories. Data were analysed using both descriptive (frequency, percentage) and inferential (chi-square) statistics at p<0.05. Across the three newspapers, types of news reported as a result of climate change were flooding (41.4%) and oil spillage (27.9%). They were strategically placed at the front (32.4%) middle (36.0%) and back (31.5%) pages of the newspapers. The newspapers quoted news reporters of other media organizations (62.2%) and government officials (22.5%) as major sources of their climates change information. Space allocated to climate change news was higher in the Guardian newspaper (897cm2) compared to the Punch and. The Nigerian Tribune (884cm2). Major frames found in these dailies include warning, solution, disaster, awareness, call for assistance and blames. Types of climate change news did not affect placement given to coverage of such news (X2 =13.45; p=0.20). In spite of competition for space and prominence by wide range of development issues, climate change news coverage relatively enjoyed prominence. Therefore, efforts should be made to sustain this given the menace climate change portends in the face of any neglect by stakeholders especially the media.Item Economic Impact of Climate Change on Smallholder Crop Farms in Nigeria(2015) Odozi, J. CThe negative effect of Climate Change (CC) on agriculture across Africa has been well established. This underscores its global policy interest. In Nigeria, crop farming is climate dependent and farmholders often employ measures that are sub-optimal against climate risk. This raises the vulnerability of farming to CC uncertainty. For a long time, knowledge of CC perception by farmholders dominated the existing literature. However, information on economic estimates of damages and responses at the farm level is relatively scanty. Economic impact of CC on smallholder crop farms was therefore investigated. General household survey data on smallholder farms collected by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) in 2010 was used together with baseline climate observations from 1950-2000 and projections (2000-2050) of the World Climate Data Base (WCDB). Complementary data on population, soil and altitude for 774 Local Government Areas (LGA) were sourced from National Population Commission (NPC) and Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO). Variables from NBS were farm value, farm revenue, crops cultivated, land size, area planted, household size and age. Variables from WCDB were Mean Temperature (MT) and Mean Precipitation (MP) for wet and dry seasons. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics, multivariate probit and Ricardian models at ∝0.05 Farm value and annual farm revenue were 156293.3 (10714.3-1619433.0) N/ha and 47837.1 (3966.2-2159244.3) N/ha respectively. Land size was 2.7±1.9 ha while area planted, household size and age were 2.3±18.2 ha, 5.2±1.6 and 51.3±15.3 years respectively. Baseline MT and MP were 26.3±2.9 ℃and 179.2±75.1 mm/month respectively for wet season and 25.9±3.0 ℃ and 22.3±24.7 mm/month for the dry season. Projected MT and MP were 27.61±3.0 ℃ and 192.3±61.6 mm/month for wet season and 27.5±3.0 ℃ and 25.6±29.3 mm/month for dry season respectively. Baseline MP increased the probability of cultivating sorghum (0.5%), cowpea (0.2%), and yam (0.1%) while it reduced the probability of cultivating millet (0.8%), rice (0.1%), cassava (0.1%) and maize (0.5%). Baseline MT increased the probability of cultivating millet (5.8%), rice (2.4%) and maize (51.5%) and reduced the probability of cultivating sorghum (0.7%), cowpea (2.1%), cassava (0.7%) and yam (36.7%). Projected MT reduced the probability of cultivating all crops with the highest probability on sorghum (10.5%). While the effect of projected MP on the probability of cultivation was mixed across crops, the highest probability of reduced cultivation was observed for rice (25.9%) and the least for maize (1.8%). Controlling for non-climate factors, climate change reduced farm value by 62.8% for the whole country and across agricultural zones by 8.2%, 41.9%, 7.2% and 41.0% for North central, North east, North west, and South west respectively except for South east that increased marginally by 3.4%. Climate change affected revenue and crop cultivation of smallholders and could affect food security in the near future. Impact was huge for the whole country and varies across agricultural zones. Use of stress tolerant technologies (irrigation, and drought tolerant seeds) and institutional support would enhance coping capacity against climate change risk