FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE

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    Genetic polymorphism of myostatin (MSTN) in Nigerian sheep breeds
    (2021) Iroanya, G. I.; Osaiyuwu, O. H.; Emmanuel, H. O.; Fijabi, O. E.
    Myostatin (MSTN) also known as growth differentiation factor 8 (GDF-8) has been implicated to play an important role in growth regulation, and it is a candidate gene in marker assisted selection (MAS). This study was carried out to identify the polymorphism of MSTN gene as a genetic marker for growth traits in Nigerian indigenous sheep. Genomic DNA (gDNA) was extracted from blood samples of Balami, Yankasa, Uda and West African Dwarf (WAD) breeds of sheep. Parts of 5’UTR, intron and exon1 (614bp) was amplified using a primer sequence designed by FastPCR-primer software. The amplicons were digested with restriction enzyme HaeIII and the fragments produced were stained with luminescent dye and run on gel electrophoresis. The genetic structure of the sampled population was investigated after analysis with POPGENE32 software. The HaeIII digested results showed that Myostatin has three polymorphs (AA, AB and BB), controlled by two alleles (A and B), with B having a higher allelic frequency (82.84%) and BB genotype has the highest frequency of 73%. The sampled population showed a deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p<0.05) while the F-statistics results of the Nigerian breeds of sheep showed the breeds are genetically identical (33.40%) within them. The genetic distance matrix established that Uda and Yankasa show the greatest distant (3.00%) while Uda and WAD are almost identical (99.85%). The four breeds of sheep studied showed polymorphism for Myostatin gene in the intron 1 and exon 1. Myostatin, therefore, could be considered a candidate gene for MAS.
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    Influence of water-washed neem fruits (azardirachta indica A. juss) on heamatology and serum biochemical indices of West African dwarf sheep
    (Science Domain, 2014) Ososanya, T. O.; Adewumi, M. K.; Faniyi, T. O.
    Neem is a fast growing tree that thrives well in all parts of Nigeria. The seeds are readily available because the plant is used to control desertification. A 4 - week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effect of supplementation of water - washed neem fruit (Azardirachta indica A.juss) in diets on haematological and serum biochemical indices of West African Dwarf (WAD) ewes. Three diets were formulated to contain water-washed neem fruit at graded levels of inclusion; 0% (control), 5% and 10%. Twelve 10 month old WAD ewes were randomly assigned to 3 dietary treatments. Each treatment had 4 replicates. Variations in values of haematological and serum biochemical parameters of WAD ewes fed experimental diets were determined. Some haematological parameters (RBC and Hb counts) measured were significantly (p<0.05) different while PCV, WBC, some differential counts and serum biochemical parameters were not significantly different among the treatments. However, urea, creatinine, glucose and alkaline phosphatase levels in serum of WAD ewes showed significant (p<0.05) differences, while, other serum biochemical indices measured were not significant. Although, the result of this study showed that the inclusion of water - washed neem fruit at 10% depressed some heamatological parameters, but showed no adverse effect on the ewes. However, all the values obtained for serum biochemical indices were within the normal physiological range except for alkaline phosphatase. Therefore, water - washed neem fruit can be included in the diet of WAD ewes at 10% without any deleterious effect.
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    Intake, nutrient digestibility and rumen ecology of West African dwarf sheep fed palm kernel oil and wheat offal supplemented diets
    (International Academic Journals, 2013-05) Ososanya, T. O.; Odubola, O. T.; Shuaib-Rahim, A.
    Dried cassava peels (DCP), wheat offal (WO) and palm kernel oil (PKO) are readily available in the tropics during the dry season. Sixteen rams aged 15 months with weight range of 11.07 ±0.8kg were randomly divided into four treatments with four replicates in a CRD. The treatments were: T1 - 100% DCP, T2 - 80% DCP + 20% WO, T3 - 77% DCP + 20% WO + 3% PKO and T4 - 97% DCP + 3% PKO. Parameters studied were feed intake, nutrient digestibility, total volatile fatty acids and microbial population. The dry matter intake values obtained were 869.98, 8415.89, 784.36 and 462.16g/dl for Tl, T2, T3 and T4 respectively with significant differences (P < 0.05) between Tl — T3 against T4. Nutrient digestibility had significant differences (P < 0.05) amongst treatments for all parameters studied except in Neutral detergent fibre with no significance. The dry matter digestibility increased from 82.61% in Tl to 91.12% in T4, crude protein digestibility ranged from 82.89% to 89.98% for Tl and T2 respectively. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) between T2 and T4, also between T3 and T4. Hemi cellulose appeared to be the most digestible nutrient studied. Rumen pH ranged from 6.00 to 6.70 for T2 and T4 respectively. The result was similar (P > 0.05) statistically across the treatments, except in T2. Ammonia nitrogen increased with supplementation of WO and PKO. However, supplementation of DCP with WO and PKO at 3% inclusion improved digestibility, but depressed feed intake in WAD sheep.
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    Reports on the prevalence of pneumo - enteritis among sheep in Ile- Ife, Nigeria
    (2012) Afolabi, K. D.; Ososanya, T. O.; Alabi, O. M.; Balogun, O. L.
    Data were collected on the prevalence of pneumo-enteritis among 895 sheep reared ori the semi-intensive system at Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching and Research (OAUTR) farm, lle-Ife and 317 sheep brought from the free range for sale at Ile-lfe Sheep and Goat [ISG] market between the periods of December 1985 to October 1993 and November to October 1993 respectively. At OAUTR farm, 39.51% of the sheep were affected with pneumo-enteritis; 78.13% of the treated sheep [32 in number) recovered while 6.26% mortality was obtained. At ISG market 33.10% of the sheep were affected. The disease was more prevalent during the dry seasons (November to March) at OAUTR farm (9.96%) and ISG market (69.33%) than what obtained during the rainy season (April to October) at the two locations (8.08% and 21.90% respectively). The incidence of the disease was higher among sheep at ISG market than those at OAUTR farm. Bacteriological examination of nasal swabs from infected sheep revealed the presence of Pasteurella haemolytica, Pasteurella multocidci, Streptococci spp. and Coccobacillia bacteria. Prompt treatment of infected sheep elicited recovery.
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    Haematology of pregnant West African dwarf ewes fed siam weed-based rations
    (Animal Science Association of Nigeria, 2004) Anurudu, N. F.; Babayemi, O. J.; Ososanya, T.
    There is relatively scanty information on normal blood values for sheep in Nigeria as regards the nature and the level of forage inclusion in the diets. The study was set up to assess the effects of siam weed on blood chemistry of pregnant West African Dwarf (WAD) sheep. Sixteen WAD sheep that have lambed once were allocated in a completely randomized design to four diets with different levels of siam weed leaf meal (SWLM) diets inclusion: 0% (Diet A), 15% (Diet B), 30% (Diet C) and 45% (Diet D). Variations in haematological parameters due to treatments were inconsistently significant except for Erythrocyte/ red blood cell (RBC). The Leukocyte/white blood cell (mm3 xlO3) varied from 5.64 (diet B) to 8.81 (diet A) in the last trimester. The lowest packed cell volume (28%) was obtained for sheep on 30% siam weed leaf meal (SWLM). Erythrocyte values were low ranging between 5.71 and 6.37. White blood cell was normal and ranged from 5.64 in 15% to 8.81 in 0% SWLM. The values for packed cell volume slightly increased in animals on diets 0% and 45% SWLM at the end of pregnancy while those of 15% and 30% remained normal. Mean corpuscular volume (ranged 47.50 - 53.25) was beyond the normal range at late pregnancy. The results showed that pregnant sheep could tolerate the siam weed leaf meal at levels between 15 and 45% dietary inclusion without a significant alteration of the blood constituents.