FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE
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Item Effects of orange fleshed sweet potato production on the welfare status of rural farmers in Osun State, Nigeria(2019) Tijani, S. A.Generally, sweet potato is highly adaptable to adverse environmental conditions and also has the potential of increasing food production, income and household food security in many low-income rural communities. Orange fleshed Sweet Potato (OFSP) variety was developed to address health and nutrition problems (Vitamin A deficiency) of Sub-Saharan Africa. OFSP offers new opportunities in terms of shorter period of growth, higher yield, greater tolerance to major stresses, increased carbohydrate and vitamin A content compared to the traditional cultivars. The crop (vines) have been disseminated by research institutes and related agencies for cultivation by farmers. Hence, in this study, the potential of OFSP in improving the welfare status (food, health, education and utility) of the rural farmers in Osun State, Nigeria W3S examined. Purposive sampling technique was used to select three Local Government Areas while 30% of both OFSP and Non-OFSP registered farmers were randomly selected to give 110 respondents. Both questionnaire and FGD were used for data collection while descriptive and inferential statistics were employed for data analyses. Results revealed 56.4% of the respondents were between the age-group of 41-65 years, 85.5% were males, 89.1% were married while 60.9% were educated. Majority (82.7%) have farm sizes between 1-10 acres while only 47.3% have between 4-19 years of farming experience in sweet potato production. Majority (82.5%) of the OFSP farmers have high welfare status compared with low welfare status of all non-OFSP farmers. There was a significant difference (t=9.661) between welfare status of OFSP and Non-OFSP farmers. Education ( 2=52,572), farm size (f0.569) and household size (f0,336) have significant relationships with welfare status of OFSP farmers, In conclusion, cultivation of OFSP has positive effect on the welfare status of the farmers in the in the study area, however, more extension agents should be employed to create awareness about the economic and nutritional values of the crop for sustainable production and increased welfare status of the farmers.Item Effect of Social Capital on Rural Household Welfare in Southwestern Nigeria(2013) Adepoju, A. A.Rural household welfare remains low in Nigeria, as the traditional capital (physical, natural, human and financial) has not fully led to its improvement. There is increasing shift of attention to social capital as an element that explains household welfare. The nexus between social capital and rural household welfare in southwestern Nigeria has not been fully examined. The effect of social capital on rural household welfare in southwestern Nigeria was therefore investigated. Multistage sampling technique was used. Oyo and Ekiti states were selected from the six states in southwestern Nigeria based on their poverty profile (the least poor and the poorest). Six rural Local Government Areas and thirty-two communities were selected from the two states based on probability proportionate to size and sample size of 298 was used for the analysis. Data were collected on household demographic characteristics such as age, education and household size, expenditure profile and social capital dimensions: Membership Density (MD), Decision Making (DM), Meeting Attendance (MA), heterogeneity, Cash Contribution (CC) and Labour Contribution (LC). Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, ordered probit, ordinary least square, two-stage least square and control function regression models at p=0.05. Ninety three percent of the households were headed by male. Mean age, years of formal education and household size were 48.3 ± 11.7 years, 8.4 ± 6.3 years and 6.1 ± 2.6 respectively. Average MD and DM in association were 4.5 ± 2.1 and 24.7 ± 13.2. Households attended four out of every five meetings scheduled. Diversification of membership measured by heterogeneity index was 21.7 ± 16.4 while annual CC and LC to association were N7,412.95 ± N9,757.73 and 54.6 ± 18.4 mandays respectively. Membership in religious group accounted for the highest proportion (77.3 percent) while recreational club accounted for the lowest (4.67 percent). The highest Welfare Tercile (WT) had monthly mean per capita expenditure of N9,135.98 N4,014.35 which was four times the value for the lowest WT (N2,239.82 N958.33). The maximum CC to associations was recorded by the highest WT (N9,756.90 ± N12,358.25) while the lowest WT had the maximum LC of 24.7 ± 20.2 mandays. Majority of the households (78.0 percent) benefited from access to information on market outlets and share of risk/shocks while 55.5 percent had access to land. Low educational level reduced benefit derived from social group by 0.027, while being a farmer (0.404), LC (0.016) and DM increased benefit received from social group. Household welfare reduced with increase in age (-2.965), being married (-2.965), household size (-0.398), being a farmer (-1.676) and LC (-7.5x10-4). Conversely, age squared, education and DM index increased household welfare by 0.2 percent, 10.8 percent and 2.8 percent respectively. Aggregate social capital index increased household welfare by 9.5 percent, while controlling for non-linear interaction of social capital with unobservable variables further increased the effect of social capital by 13.1 percent. Decision making and aggregate social capital improved household welfare while labour contribution reduced it. A bi-causality relationship existed between social capital and household welfare.