FACULTY OF ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT
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Item Reflections on the Impact of Urban Sprawl on the Architecture of the City: Lessons from Benin City, Nigeria(Forum Geografi, 2023) Odeyale, T. O.This paper focuses on Benin City, Nigeria, as a case study to explore urban sprawl and its associated problems resulting from unplanned and uncontrolled spatial expansion. Informal settlements house approximately 45% of Nigeria's urban population, leading to land and environmental challenges. The study aims to investigate how sustainable development goals can be realized through efficient, sustainable planning and urban design concepts, focusing on managing urban sprawl in the city. The methodology comprises a literature review, a field investigation of unplanned or squatter settlements in a selected part of Benin City through the administration of 201 questionnaires, and an analysis of its developments and physical transformations. Understanding the issues of urban sprawl arising from the rapid spatial expansion of Benin City is crucial for achieving a well-organized, planned, orderly, and sustainable environment. This paper provides valuable insights and information to facilitate effective urban planning in the study area. Additionally, it offers guidance to practitioners and developers on adopting sustainability measures in their projects. The findings of this study contribute to expanding the knowledge horizon and serve as a reference for further research on spatial expansion and the incidence of sprawl in urban centers throughout Nigeria.Item Urban decay and traffic load on highway in Nigeria: a study of Ibadan-Oyo road(Springer, 2023) Oladejo, O. J.; Odeyale, T. O.; Ogunleye, O. J.This study investigates traffic load as a cause of urban decay and failure on a highway in Nigeria, using Ibadan-Oyo road as a case study. This study identifies road failure as a major city nightmare that affects the well-being of urban dwellers in the study area. The Ibadan-Oyo road is a segment of the major road intersection that connects the southern part of Nigeria with the north. The methodology for this study involves a well-structured questionnaire administered to road users to elicit primary data on the factors and effects of urban decay due to traffic load. A total of 100 Questionnaires were randomly distributed among the road users (vehicular and pedestrians) of the Ibadan-Oyo road. In all, 92 questionnaires were returned. These were analyzed using the Relative Importance Index (R.I.I) and basic statistical tools, to better understand the trend of responses. The results from the study show the factors that enable traffic load and failure include the road as a major route to various parts of the country, not obeying driving laws, poor driving habits, and poor/absence of road pavements. The stress of heavy vehicles on the Ibadan-Oyo road also proves to be a major factor which leads to incessant failure of the road, even after maintenance or reconstruction has been carried out. The failure of this urban infrastructure and the poor road networks leads to many accidents, acute vehicular fuel consumption, waste of time, breakdown of vehicles and road rage. To drastically reduce the impact of infrastructural decay and failure on highways, this study suggests the following: construction of separate routes for trucks and other heavy vehicles, provision of various parks along travel routes for heavy vehicles, and use of a weighing bridge to regulate the range of axle load, replacement of flexible paving with a more rigid design for increased strength and road life span, proper rehabilitation and reconstruction of the failed segment, provision of an alternate railway system to convey heavy goods and also reduce the stress on road transport, in-depth training of vehicle drivers and traffic personnel and lastly, enlargement of the road width.Item Effect of Air Pollution from Pedestrian Traffic in an Open Market: A Case Study of Bodija Market, Nigeria(International Information and Engineering Technology Association (IIETA), 2020-11) Oladejo, O. J.; Odeyale, T. O.; Adiamo, B. R.Market air quality is very important to the economic lives of the people which is rarely researched, however, market activities particularly pedestrian traffic releases particulates which is detrimental to the health of the users and stakeholders. Thermo scientific MIE pDR1500 particulate was used to monitor the quality of air within the market for eight (8) weeks, air pollutant of concern is PM2.5. Ten (10) sample points were located in the market which covers ten (10) sample points for pedestrian traffic to represent the entire market environment spectrum. The analysis of PM2.5 measured daily during dry and wet season shows a clear seasonal variation of this particular pollutant as elevated concentration was measured during the dry season than the wet season. The assessment of PM2.5 concentration shows exceedances of the standards stated by WHO and NAAQS during the dry season which ranges from 47.9 μg/m3 - 231.88 μg/m3 in the morning and 65.17 μg/m3 - 1806.33 μg/m3 in the afternoon. From the findings, pedestrian traffic contributes immensely to air pollution in an open market, with this elevated concentration, prolonged exposure is highly detrimental to health. This study creates awareness to the pedestrians in an open market about air pollution and informs policy changes.Item Actor-network, conflict and the commodification of planning: Role of traditional food markets in shaping the built environment(ELSEVIER, 2020) Odeyale, T. O.This paper examines the processes of transformation of the architecture and spatial character of a Nigerian city, in (he planning and delivery of a sustainable built environment. It examines the intei dependency ot relationship between the traditional market space and the city which is constantly being challenged, adapted and simultaneously undermined by the city’s rapid growth and modernisation. Therefore, the meanings attached to the market and its built environment has not only changed on several levels front tire symbolic, sacred, religious use to commercial and mundane one but also has taken on new spatial forms in sustaining the life of the city due to the activities of tire various actors which is predicated on their worldview. Tire paper provides a detailed examination of the geographical location of the old mar ket built environment, in r elation to the expansion of the city over tittte. It traces historical changes hr the surrounding urban scape of the market, in particular, the location of developments, marry originating front tire colonial period, and their httpact on tire life of tire marker over time. It relates, how these historical relationships are registered both topographically and spatially providing supporting visual material such as maps and developmental plans. This paper fur ther expatiates on the understanding of negotiation and conflict that ensued during the inter action within the material environment of the city through the pr ism of the role of actors (government officials, users, planners, politicians) involved with the built marketplace in the snrdy area. Analyses provided through interpretive anthropology which is synchronic in nature (focus at events in a slice of rime) and those provided by Actor Network Theory (ANT) that is diachronic (focus on dynamic events through tune), i.e. anthropology focuses more ort the “static" past whereas ANT focuses on the activities of the actants in “dynamic" or "real-time". The paper concludes that theoretical and cultural interpretation impacts the physical mar ketplace, its form, character, and spatiality; this must itself be understood as an agent or actant in the struggle, in as much as it both enables and constrains human activities.Item Urban Transformation and Public Health Policies in Post-Influenza Lagos, Nigeria, 1918(2028) Odeyale, T. O.Item Transformation of the Traditional Urban Core of Ibadan: Settings and Style(ATM Design Studios, 2023) Odeyale, T. O.