Botany

Permanent URI for this communityhttps://repository.ui.edu.ng/handle/123456789/348

Browse

Start date: 2000End date: 2009

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 10 of 21
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Haematinic potencies of the aqueous crude extracts of ficus mucoso and senna occidentalis in rabbits
    (2009) Adedapo, A. A.; Ayodele, A. E.; Ogunshe, A. A. O.; Oyeyemi, M.O.; Idowu, S. O.; Ola -Davies, O. E.; Ademola, I. O.
    A total of 20 domestic rabbits divided into 4 groups of 5 animals per group were used in this study to assess the haematinic potencies of the aqueous crude extracts of Ficus mucoso and Senna occidentalis and this was then compared with that of a proprietary haematinic, Haematopan B12®. Group A animals (control) were not bled but those in groups B, C and D were bled to induce anaemia. Group B animals were treated with Haematopan B12®, a commercially prepared haematinic, and groups C and D were treated with the aqueous crude extracts of Senna occidentalis (Linn) Link and Ficus mucoso Welw. ex Ficalho respectively. The post-haemorrhage treatment haematologic values were obtained at given intervals (7 days) and compared with the pre-haemorrhagic values earlier obtained. The study showed that all the experimental animals showed accelerated recovery since these animals had excellent response in terms of white blood cell (WBC) and its differentials, red blood cell (RBC) count, packed cell volume (PCV) and haemoglobin (Hb) concentration. Thus the extracts of Ficus mucoso and Senna occidentalis have comparative haematinic potencies as Haematopan B12®.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    The taxonomic significance of the micro-morphology and phytochemistry of agelanthus dodoneifolius (DC.) Polh. & Wiens in relation to its hosts
    (2009-06) Ibrahim, J. A.; Ayodele, A. E.; Okhale, S. E.; Jegede, I. A.; Kunle, O. F.
    Microscopic, phytochemical and chromatographic studies were carried out on the leaves of the plant Agelanlhits dodimeifolius (DC.) Polh. & Wiens 163 (1992), synonym Tapinanlhus dodoneifolius (DC) Danser 111 (1935), an African mistletoe, occurring on four different host plants. This is to determine the reliability of micro-morphological and phytochemical characters in the taxonomy of this parasite and the phytochemical relationship between the parasite and the hosts. The microscopic examination showed similarities in epidermal characters of the parasite growing on the different hosts studied. They have stomata index of 17.7% to 20.5% on the upper surface while the lower surfaces have stomata index of 16.3% to 19.1%. Phytochemical screening showed presence of various secondary metabolites in the parasite and these varied from host to host, but are intricately related to the phytochemical profile of the host plants. The TLC fingerprinting of A. dodoneifolius leaf extracts also correlated with this variation. This study indicates that A. dodoneifolius present on different hosts might have similar micro-morphological but different chemical characteristics. Therefore, chemical characters might be useful in delineating parasitic taxa in isolation of the host. This will, however, not lead to any good taxonomic conclusion except these chemical characters are supported by characters from other systematic lines of evidence. Meanwhile, such chemical variation might justify the consideration of the parasite on a particular host in the treatment of certain disease(s) by Traditional Medicine Practitioners (TMPs).
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Scanning electron microscopy of leaves in the West African polygonaceae
    (2008-12) Ayodele, A. E.; Zhou Z. K.
    The leaf surfaces of the West African taxa of the Polygonaceae were studied using the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Leaf epidermal cells arc polygonal, isodiametric and rarely irregular. Anticlinal walls are straight, curved, undulate or sinuate. Striae are present in a few taxa such as Polygonum plebeium. Rumex abysinaicus, R. bequaertii, Oxygonum sinuatum, Persicaria nepalensis and Afrobrunnichia erecta. The striae may be parallel, radiate, or randomly distributed. Trichomas are unicellular, uniseriate, aggregating together in some species of persicaria, while they may be flagelliform, interwoven and woolly in Persicaria senegalensis forma albotomentosa hence diagnostic for the species. Peltate glands are characteristic of A. arena. Stomata are mainly paracytic or anomocytic although diacytic. cyclocytic and anisocytic types may also be found in some taxa sometimes together with the main types. Stoma’s are sunken in a few species such as Polygonum plebeium and Persicaria attenuata subsp. pulchra, raised or at the same level with epidermal cells in other taxa. Wax deposits arc associated with the stomata in Persicaria attenuata subsp. africana. These characters are discussed in relation to the taxonomy of the family in West Africa.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Foliar epidermal studies in the family Bignoniaceae Juss. in Nigeria
    (Academic Journals, 2008-02) Ugbabe, G. E.; Ayodele, A. E.
    Comparative studies have been carried out on the leaf epidermal features of eleven species of the family Bignoniaceae in Nigeria. The species are relatively uniform in the qualitative macro morphological characters except in the leaf shape, which varies from ovate, elliptic, oblong-elliptic, oblong, oblanceolate to obovate-lanceolate. A more constant macro character for the species is the leaflet length /leaflet width ratio, which ranges from 2:1 to 4:1. The epidermal morphology of the adaxial and abaxial surfaces of the species was studied with the light microscope. The epidermal cells are polygonal, irregular or both. Anticlinal walls are straight, curved or undulate/ wavy. Leaflets of all species are hypostomatic with stomata restricted to the abaxial surface. The Anomocytic stomata type is most prominent except Kigelia africana, which has diacytic stomata. Striae are present on the adaxial surface of Oroxylum indicum and abaxial surface of Spathodea campanulata. Knobs are present on the abaxial and adaxial surfaces of Markhamia lutea, Markhamia tomentosa, abaxial surface of Stereospermum kunthianum and adaxial surface of Tabebuia rosea. Other features of the epidermis that show variation include stomatal size, shape and frequency. Epidermal cell shape, anticlinal wall undulation, striation on the epidermis, stomata type, distribution and stomata index are of taxonomic importance in the family while epidermal size and number are of little diagnostic value. The significance of these observations is discussed in relation to the taxonomy of the family.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Environmental impact assessment of cement factory production on biodiversity: a case study of UNICEM, Calabar Nigeria
    (2008) Lameed, G. A.; Ayodele, A. E.
    The natural forest at the segment of Southeastern state (Cross River State) is losing its primary status due to various types of human development and industrial activities. This is more envisaged with dry process Kiln method that United Cement Company of Nigeria (UNICEM) intend to use for manufacturing of Cement, which will leave the particulate emission rate of cement as high as 20.8Kg / bbl on the atmosphere. Other environmental pollution problems associated with this activity are bad odour, noise, dust and fumes, aesthetic nuisance, smoke, vibration, effluent and glare. A total of eighty-two tree species among which are some economic species were recorded during the assessment. Diversity Indices of between 0.03 and 1.33 were recorded for the vegetations. Many of the trees are medicinal with the barks and roots used for the treatment of diseases such as malaria, diarrhea, High blood pressure, and skin diseases. Others are cultivated for food, and as ornaments. No disease symptoms were found on the plants within the factory site except that most of the lower plants were dehydrated due to lack of rain. Some of the Rhizophora leaves along the coastline showed some leaf spots, yellowing of leaves and the presence of downy meadews. In conclusion, the industrial activity of UNICEM will in no doubt have impact on habitat vegetation of wildlife species; such species will be compelled to migrate or face mortality. And greater concern must be given to endangered and endemic species such as Pan troglodytes (Chimpanzee), Gorilla gorilla, and Pandrillus leucophaeus that can only be found in this rain forest zone of Cross River National Park.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    The pollen morphology of Nigerian bignoniaceae Juss
    (2007) Ugbabe, G. E.; Ayodele, A. E.; Okogun, J. I.; Inyang, U. S.
    The Pollen grains of eleven species of the Bignoniaceae represented in Nigeria have been studied by the light Microscope. The pollen grains are mostly circular or elliptic. The circular ones include those of Crescentia cujete Linn. Markhamia tomentosa (Benth.) K.Schum., Newbouldia laevis Seem., Oroxyllum indicum Vent., Spatliodea campanulata P.Beauv., Stereospermum acuminatissimum K.Schum., Stereospermum kunthianum Cham., and Tabebuici rosea (Berthol) DC. while the Elliptic ones are: Kigali a africana (Lam) Benth., Markhamia litlea (Benth.) K.Schum. and Tecoma stans (Linn ) H.B & K. and the shape/class range from prolate, sub-prolate to prolate spheroidal. The Prolate ones are Kigelia africana, Markhamia tomentosa, and Tecoma stans; the Subpralate types includes those of Crescentia cujete, Markhamia lutea, OroxyUum indicum. Spathodea campanulata and Stereospermum acuminatissimum; while the Prolate-Spheroidal types are those of Stereospermum kunthianum and Tabebuia rosea. They are either tefra- colporate or tri-colporate. The pollen of Crescentia cujete is Tetra-Colporaie while tiic others are Tri-colporate (Tri-colporate = Pollen grains with three ectocolpi;). The different pollen types are useful in the identification of the Nigerian Bignoniaceae.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    The diversity of Leaf epidermal features in the genus Hyptis Jacq. (Labiatae) in West Africa
    (2007) Olowokudejo, J. D.; Ayodele, A. E.
    Leaf epidermal morphology of the five species of Hyptis (Labiatae) in West Africa has been studied using Light and Scanning Electron Microscopy. Epidermal cells are irregular with undulate or wavy anticlinal walls or rarely polygonal with straight to curved anticlinal walls, In H. peclimilu and H. lanceolate/, the adaxial epidermal cells are either irregular or polygonal, an observation which may be accounted for by eco-geographical differences. The periclinal walls consist of irregular ridges and cuticular folds on both abaxial and adaxial surfaces. The adaxial epidermal cells are generally larger than those on the abaxial surface. All taxa have diacytic stomata and are amphistomatic with more stomata on the abaxial surfaces. Stomata may be slightly raised, level with the surface or slightly sunken. The stomata are characterised by the presence of pronounced, overarching cuticular rims. Trichomes are multicellular or rarely unicelular, uniseriate, non-glandular or glandular, unbranched and thin walled. They are usually densely or rarely sparsely distributed on both surfaces of the leaves and are covered with numerous tubercules. Trichomes vary in size and form even on the same epidermal surface of every taxon. The glands are usually globose in shape. Some characters which are of taxonomic value include the adaxial epidermal cell shape, anticlinal wall pattern, size of stomata, epidermal cell and trichome type. A key is presented for the identification of the species.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Morphological studies in lycopersicon esculentum Mill. lines in Southwestern Nigeria
    (Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2007) Lawal, O. J.; Ayodele, A. E.; Chukwuka, K. S.
    Morphological studies of thirty lines of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill were carried out in order to find out characters, which may be used for the delimitation of the cultivars in Nigeria. The quantitative and qualitative characters studied include leaf type, leaf length, leaf shape, leaf breadth, petiole length, number of leaves per plant, number of leaflets per leaf, number of serration per leaflet days taken for germination, days taken for first picking, stem diameter, fruit diameter, fruit shape, fruit colour, stem type, stem colour, stem texture, leaf arrangement and growth habit. Morphological characters that indicate close affinity amongst the cultivars include leaf type, leaf base, leaf shape, leaf apex, leaf margin, leaf arrangement stem colour, fruit colour, number of calyx and corolla. However, the features that are taxonomically relevant in the delimitation of lines of L. esculentum are fruiting habit, fruit shape and presence or absence of ridges on the fruits. The three cultivars recognized are Ibadan local, hybrid and Roma VF. Numerical analysis of the qualitative and quantitative characters data using cluster analysis-average linkage, single linkage, complete linkage and centroid method delimit all the thirty lines into three major groups which conform to the results of the morphological analysis.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Comparative Studies on Khaya. A. Juss.(meliaceae) in Nigeria
    (2006-06) Ibrahim, A. I.; Ayodele, A. E.; Jegede, A. I.; Kunle, Y. F.
    Comparative phytochemical, microscopical and chemomicroscopica! studies were carried out on the genus Khaya with the aim of obtaining useful characters for the identification and delimitation of species boundaries. Tannins and saponins were present In all the species while phenols were detected in all except K. grandlfollola. Protein and anthraquinones were present in the bark of all. iba species. Carbohydrate is present in all the species except in the hark of K. Ivoriensls. Flavonoids and phlobatannins were absent in all the taxa. Microscopical examination of the powdered bark revealed different types and shapes of lignified sclerelds, abundant distribution of prismatic calcium oxalate crystals, druses, lignified cork-cells, fibres, medullary rays and parenchyma cells which may contain starch grains.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    The family polygonaceae in West Africa: taxonomic significance of leaf epidermal characters
    (Elsevier, 2006) Ayodele, A. E.; Olowokudejo, J. D.
    Comparative studies have been carried out on the leaf epidermal features of the species in the family Polygonaeae in West Africa. Epidermal cells are mainly isodiametric in Symmeria paniculata, irregular or more often polygonal with curved, straight and undulate to sinuate anticlinal walls. A few species e.g. Polygonum plebeium, Oxygonum sinuatum, Persicaria nepalensis and Harpagocarpus snowdenii have striations on their epidermal walls. All species except Afrobrunnichia erecta and H. snowdenii are amphistomatic and the family is characterized by a wide range of stomata types such as the anisocytic in P. plebeium, cyclocytic in S. paniculata and a few Persicaria, anomocytic, diacytic, parallelocytic and paracytic which is regarded as the basic type for the family based on its widest occurrence among the species. However, different stomata types may occur on the same leaf surface. The unicellular, or multicellular, uniseriate aggregated trichomes are significant in the recognition of taxa in the Persicaria except in P. senegalensis forma albotomentosa which has short uniseriate flagelliform trichomes. The significance of these observations is discussed in relation to the taxonomy of the family.