Health Promotion & Education
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Item KNOWLEDGE, ATITTUDE AND PRACTICE OF BREAST SELF EXAMINATION AMONG FEMALE APPRENTICES IN EGBEDA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, NIGERIA(2014-10) ILESANMI, A.Breast Cancer (BC) is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide and the third most commonly diagnosed cancer among women. Early detection through screening has been shown to improve the prognosis and survival among female presenting with BC. Few studies exist on knowledge, attitude and practice of Breast Self-Examination (BSE) among female apprentices in Nigeria, probably due to their level of education. This study was therefore designed to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of BSE among female apprentices in Egbeda Local Government Area (ELGA), Oyo State. Using a descriptive cross-sectional study design, a three-stage sampling technique was used to select 586 female apprentices from ELGA, who were interviewed using pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire. The questionnaire included a 32-point knowledge scale on BC and BSE, 11-point attitude and 13-point BSE practice scales. Knowledge score of ≤15, >15 to 28 and >28 were rated as poor, fair and good knowledge respectively. Attitude score of ≤5 and >5 were rated as negative and positive attitude. Practice score of ≤7 and >7 were rated as unhealthy and healthy practice respectively. Four Focus Group Discussion (FGD) sessions were conducted to complement the quantitative data. Data from the survey were analysed using descriptive and Chi-square test statistics with level of significance set at 0.05 while qualitative data were analysed using thematic approach. Respondents’ mean age was 18.9±2.5 years, 81.1% were Yoruba and 62.8% had secondary school education. Eighty-eight percent were aware of BC while 54.5% had never heard of BSE. The most mentioned source of information about BC (47.7%) and BSE (33.0%) was television. The overall mean knowledge score was 10.3±4.2 and the proportion with poor, fair and good knowledge of BC and BSE were 83.1%, 16.6%, 0.3% respectively. Education was found to influence knowledge of BC and BSE as respondents with primary school education (94.1%) significantly had poor knowledge compared with those who had post-secondary education (64.4%). Respondents’ mean attitudinal score was 4.9±1.8; 22.4% had positive attitude towards BSE; 87.7% and 59.7% of those who were aware of BSE indicated that BSE was necessary and preferred BSE as a means of early BC detection respectively. Education was found to significantly influence the respondents’ attitude towards BSE as respondents with post-secondary school education (40.8%) significantly had positive attitude towards BSE compared with those who had primary school education (8.8%). Sixteen percent of the respondents had ever practised BSE. Respondents’ mean practice score was 4.9±2.2; 10.9% had good practice of BSE; only 5.5% of these practice BSE monthly. Respondents with post-secondary school education (33.3%) significantly had good practice of BSE compared to those with primary school education (5.9%). Focus group discussants unanimously recounted that BC can be prevented through regular examination of the breast and also gave lack of information as the major factor for not practicing BSE. The respondents were aware of breast cancer, but breast self-examination knowledge, attitude and practices were poor. Breast cancer sensitizations, training and peer education are recommended to promote the practice of BSE for early detection and prevention of breast cancer among female apprentices in Egbeda Local Government.Item EFFECT OF EDUCATIONAL INTERVENTIONS ON HIV/AIDS KNOWLEDGE, SEXUAL BEHAVIOR AND PERCEIVED SELF-EFFICACY AMONG FEMALE APPRENTICES IN BENIN-CITY, NIGERIA.(2013-08) Akinbami, A. A.Globally female youths are disproportionately affected by HIV. They tend to participate in more risky sexual activities especially those in apprenticeship. In Nigeria, interventions addressing the reproductive health needs of female youths are scarce. This study was carried out to compare the relative effectiveness of three interventions: peer education, education by instructors and a combination of the two on HIV prevention and safer sex among female apprentices in Benin-City. Benin-City was purposively selected as study site. The quasi-experimental study involved systematically selected 804 female apprentices drawn from 200 shops (120 tailoring and 80 hairdressing saloons). The shops were assigned to three intervention groups and a control. The apprentices’ baseline information was obtained using a semi-structured questionnaire consisting of 21-point HIV knowledge, 26-point risky sexual activities and 21-point perceived self–efficacy scales. The intervention groups were shops whose apprentices received Peer Education alone (PE), Education by Apprentices’ Instructors alone (EAI); and combination of both (PE+EAI) relating to HIV prevention. The interventions consisted of training of randomly selected 100 apprentices as peer educators on HIV prevention and counselling. They administered the intervention on the apprentices in their shops for six months, completed in March 2010; the control received no intervention. Post-intervention evaluation was conducted at intervals of three and six months. The number of participants at baseline, three and six months were 201, 199 and 200 for PE; 200, 200 and 200 for EAI; 201, 198 and 200 for PE+EAI; and 202, 198 and 198 for the control group. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Chi square, t-test and ANOVA at p=0.05. Mean ages of respondents in PE, EAI, PE+EAI and control were 21.9 3.8, 21.5 2.8, 21.8 2.9 and 22.1 3.6 years respectively. Majority were singles: PE (86.6%), EAI (96.0%), PE+EAI (82.6%) and control (75.7%). Apprentices who completed Senior Secondary School education were PE (38.8%), EAI (58.0%), PE+AEI (27.4%) and control (48.0%). Mean knowledge scores at baseline were 10.8±3.6 (PE); 14.0±2.3 (EAI); 9.6±2.9 (PE+EAI) and 10.2±3.2 (control); these increased to 16.3±1.2, 15.8±1.9, 16.8±0.8 and 15.5±1.5 at three months; to 16.5±1.2; 17.1±0.7; 17.0±0.5 and 14.3±1.5 at six months for PE, EAI, PE+EAI and control respectively; there was significant increase in knowledge among intervention groups. At six months, there were significant reductions in proportions of respondents who had >1 sexual partner from 16.4% to 0.0% (PE), 3.0% to 0.0% (PE+EAI), 22.9% to 4.0% (control) but in EAI it increased from 0.0% to 2.1%. Comparing baseline with post-intervention data, respondents who reported condom use increased from 77.5% to 95.5% (PE), 82.0% to 85.6% (EAI), 49.0% to 76.8% (PE+EAI) and 58% to 60.3% (control) with significant differences only in the experimental groups. Difference between baseline and post-intervention mean score for perceived self-efficacy increased significantly in PE (from 12.1±2.9 to 16.6±3.7) and PE+EAI (10.4±5.0 to 13.6±2.8), but marginal increase in EAI (11.6±3.5 to 13.5±1.7) and control (11.2±2.9 to12.8±3.4). Combination of education by peers and apprentices’ instructors yielded more positive impact in knowledge and use of condom than single approach. It is recommended for use among female apprentices and policies should be formulated to support more interventions among this population.