FACULTY OF SCIENCE

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Start date: 2020End date: 2024

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    The future of Nigerian university system
    (Ekiti State University Press, 2024-04-02) Olayinka, A. I.
    The Nigerian University System (NUS) currently comprises a total of 264 Universities, 53 of which are owned by the Federal Government, 62 owned by the various State Governments while the remaining 149 are Privately owned. The total student population is in the region of Two Million and Five Hundred Thousand. In this lecture, we have examined the issue of access, quality, funding and governance as they affect the NUS. Interrogating data published by the Joint Admissions and Matriculation Board (JAMB) over the period 2017 to 2023 we present quantitative, verifiable and objective assessment of addressing the question of equity in the adoption of Educationally-Less- Developed-States (ELDS) as a criterion for the selection of candidates for admission into undergraduate programmes in Nigerian Federal Universities. A trend analysis of contemporary events shows that the Nigerian University System will continue to grow, rather haphazardly and in an unplanned manner, in leaps and bounds especially in terms of student enrollment. Without a concomitant strengthening of leadership and governance, a substantial increase in funding for teaching and learning facilities, conduct of advanced research that is locally relevant and globally competitive (including but not limited to issues of food security, lagging economic development, climate change, reduction of carbon emission, natural resources degradation, insecurity), payment of decent wages to the knowledge workers amidst the continued exodus of the best and the brightest from the country, quality and relevance of the Universities in ensuring sustainable socio-economic development might suffer. A major feature of the Public Universities (Federal- and State-owned) which currently accounts for about 95% of the total student enrollment is incessant strikes by members of the various staff unions which has led to a cumulative loss of six years and three months in the last 32 years. Funding has been implicated as the root cause of these strikes. In order to be competitive there should be synergy between the Governments as university proprietors for a moratorium on these disruptive strikes. Conscious efforts should be made to internationalise in terms of student enrollment and the recruitment of academic staff. Some of the States on the current list of ELDS, in particular Kwara and Kogi, have posted excellent results and are now in the First Quartile justifying that they ought to be taken off the list. The same applies to Nasarawa which is in the Second Quartile. On the other hand, Lagos and the Federal Capital Territory are in the Fourth Quartile and if the ELDS is to be retained both should be included in the list. The National Council on Education should take a closer look at this recommendation with a view to implementing same. To the extent that the absence of a Governing Council hampers the proper functioning of a University and is an anathema to University Autonomy, it is our considered recommendation that the National Assembly should as a matter of urgent national importance amend the Universities (Miscellaneous Provisions) (Amendment) Act, 2003 in Section 2A as to provide that if the Council of a Federal University is dissolved, a new Council shall be constituted not later than three months.
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    The future of Nigerian university system
    (Ekiti State University Press, 2024) Olayinka, A. I.
    Abstract The Nigerian University System (NUS) currently comprises a total of 264 Universities, 53 of which are owned by the Federal Government, 62 owned by the various State Governments while the remaining 149 are Privately owned. The total student population is in the region of Two Million and Five Hundred Thousand. In this lecture, we have examined the issue of access, quality, funding and governance as they affect the NUS. Interrogating data published by the Joint Admissions and Matriculation Board (JAMB) over the period 2017 to 2023 we present quantitative, verifiable and objective assessment of addressing the question of equity in the adoption of Educationally-Less- Developed-States (ELDS) as a criterion for the selection of candidates for admission into undergraduate programmes in Nigerian Federal Universities. A trend analysis of contemporary events shows that the Nigerian University System will continue to grow, rather haphazardly and in an unplanned manner, in leaps and bounds especially in terms of student enrollment. Without a concomitant strengthening of leadership and governance, a substantial increase in funding for teaching and learning facilities, conduct of advanced research that is locally relevant and globally competitive (including but not limited to issues of food security, lagging economic development, climate change, reduction of carbon emission, natural resources degradation, insecurity), payment of decent wages to the knowledge workers amidst the continued exodus of the best and the brightest from the country, quality and relevance of the Universities in ensuring sustainable socio-economic development might suffer. A major feature of the Public Universities (Federal- and State-owned) which currently accounts for about 95% of the total student enrollment is incessant strikes by members of the various staff unions which has led to a cumulative loss of six years and three months in the last 32 years. Funding has been implicated as the root cause of these strikes. In order to be competitive there should be synergy between the Governments as university proprietors for a moratorium on these disruptive strikes. Conscious efforts should be made to internationalise in terms of student enrollment and the recruitment of academic staff. Some of the States on the current list of ELDS, in particular Kwara and Kogi, have posted excellent results and are now in the First Quartile justifying that they ought to be taken off the list. The same applies to Nasarawa which is in the Second Quartile. On the other hand, Lagos and the Federal Capital Territory are in the Fourth Quartile and if the ELDS is to be retained both should be included in the list. The National Council on Education should take a closer look at this recommendation with a view to implementing same. To the extent that the absence of a Governing Council hampers the proper functioning of a University and is an anathema to University Autonomy, it is our considered recommendation that the National Assembly should as a matter of urgent national importance amend the Universities (Miscellaneous Provisions) (Amendment) Act, 2003 in Section 2A as to provide that if the Council of a Federal University is dissolved, a new Council shall be constituted not later than three months
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    MOLECULAR PREDICTIVE BIOMARKERS FOR ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA IN HUMANS IN IBADAN, NIGERIA
    (2021-08) ONYEGBULA, K.C
    Squamous Cell Carcinoma is the most prevalent malignant tumour of the oral cavity in humans. Late hospital presentation and diagnosis often result in high mortality, recurrence and metastatic rates. Prognosis is poor with a low 5-year survival rate. There is a possibility that molecular events underlie the aetiology of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and could prove useful in predicting OSCC-susceptible individuals, but this information is largely lacking in Nigerian cohorts. Thus, this study was designed to identify molecular predictive diagnostic biomarkers for OSCC from patients in Ibadan. Using a retrospective-prospective study design, a total of 100 (58 males, 42 females) histologically-classified OSCC cases were identified from 1527 tumour cases recorded at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria, between January 2004 and December 2015. Patients’ demographic variables were extracted. Archived formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples were retrieved and processed immunohistochemically for Epithelial Membrane Antigen (EMA) and cytokeratin protein expression. The DNA from samples was also profiled for aberrant CpG island methylation and genotypes of rs7528484 polymorphism in RUNX3 gene by methylation-specific and restriction fragment length polymorphism-PCR, respectively. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, while association between patients’ demographic variables, aberrant CpG island methylation and rs7528484 polymorphism in RUNX3 were assessed by Pearson’s χ2 test at P≤0.05, Monte-Carlo exact test and Odds Ratios (OR) at Confidence Interval (CI) of 95%, respectively. The prevalence of OSCC was 6.5%. The moderately differentiated class was the most prevalent (65.0%), with a general prevalence peak at the seventh decade age group and the palate being the most affected location. EMA was expressed by the well and moderately differentiated classes, while cytokeratin was expressed by the well, moderately and poorly differentiated classes. RUNX3 promoter hypermethylation was detected in 45.0% of OSCC, suggesting that aberrant CpG island promoter hypermethylation in RUNX3 was prevalent in the disease. The rs7528484 polymorphism in RUNX3 was also detected with a genotype distribution of 52.7% (39) homozygote normal (CC), 28.4% (21) heterozygote mutant (CT), 18.9% (14) homozygote mutant (TT), and a C>T allelic ratio of 0.67:0.33. There was significant association between aberrant CpG island promoter hypermethylation in RUNX3 and tumour location (P<0.05). Genotypes of rs7528484 polymorphism in RUNX3 and their alleles were significantly associated with both male and female gender (P<0.05) and histologic class (P<0.05). Mutant genotypes (CT) and (TT) showed odds of predicting OSCC (OR 0.28, 95% CI: 0.1889 - 0.3711) and (OR 0.18, 95% CI: 0.1118 - 0.2482), respectively. Mutant allele (T) showed odds of predicting OSCC (OR 0.66, 95% CI: 0.52 - 0.80). Aberrant CpG island promoter hypermethylation of RUNX3 in combination with tumour location and rs7528484 polymorphism in RUNX3 in combination with gender served as epigenetic and genetic predictors, respectively for oral squamous cell carcinoma, while epithelial membrane antigen expression pattern served as an immunohistochemical predictor for oral squamous cell carcinoma.
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    Sustaining a productive university system in the 21st century: the key elements in the debate
    (UNIOSUN Publishing limited, 2022-09) Olayinka, I. A.
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    Petroleum exploration and production in Nigeria: a blessing or a curse?
    (Professor Olukayode Oladipo Amund Retirement Committee, 2023) Olayinka, I. A.; Obere, F.
    Oil exploration in Nigeria started in 1903; however, drilling activities started in 1951. In 1956, Shell-British Petroleum (BP) made a significant discovery of oil in the Oloibiri community (present-day Bayelsa State). Crude oil production began in 1957, and in 1960, 849,075 tonnes of crude oil were exported. To date, approximately 1,500 exploration wells have been drilled, with most of these being onshore, whereas the rest are in shallow offshore and deepwater. The exploration success rate has increased primarily due to three- dimensional seismic and sequence stratigraphy advancements. Oil and gas exports contribute significantly to Nigeria's economy, mainly federal government revenue and foreign exchange earnings. In this Chapter, the authors have examined the history of oil exploration in Nigeria, operating agreements, contributions of oil and gas to Nigeria's economy, the Petroleum Industry Act (PIA) (as the new framework for participation and regulation) and challenges faced during oil exploration and production in the country.
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    Governance structure and sustainability of university culture in Nigeria
    (John Archers (Publishers) Ltd, 2022) Olayinka, I. A.
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    Blow up for a viscoelastic wave equation with space-time potential in Rn
    (2022-07) Ogbiyele, P. A.; Arawomo, P. O.
    In this paper, we consider the following wave equation: with space-time dependent potential, where the initial data have compact support. Under suitable assumptions on the nonlinear function f, the relaxation function g and the damping potential b, we obtain blow up results using the perturbed energy method.
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    Energy decay for a viscoelastic wave equation with space-time potential in Rn
    (Elsevier Inc., 2022) Ogbiyele, P. A.; Arawomo, P. O.
    In this paper, we consider the following viscoelastic wave equation with space-time dependent potential and where the initial data u0(x), u1(x)have compact support. Under suitable assumptions on the relaxation function g and the potential b, we obtain a more general energy decay result using the perturbed energy method.
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    Oscillation criteria for three dimensional nonlinear conformable fractional delay differential system with forcing terms
    (2022-01) Ogunbanjo, A. M.; Arawomo, P. O.
    In this paper, we study the oscillation of three dimensional non- linear conformable delay differential system with forcing terms. By using generalized Riccati transformation, conformable derivatives and some inequality based techniques, we obtain several oscillation criteria for the system. Furthermore, an example is given to authenticate our results.