Geography
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Item Geographical analysis of voter apathy in presidential elections between 1999 and 2011 in Nigeria(Routledge, 2015) Taiwo, O. J.; Ahmed, F.Correlates and predictors of the spatiotemporal pattern of voter apathy in presidential elections were analyzed for all the states in Nigeria between 1999 and 2011, using data from the National Bureau of Statistics. The Moran Index (Local and Global), analysis of variance, and geographical weighted regression were used in understanding the spatiotemporal patterns and drivers of voter apathy. There were statistically significant temporal (F = 4.811, P ≤ .05) and spatial (F = 8.133 P ≤ .05) variations, and spatial dependency in voter apathy. Men’s population size, expenditures on number of higher institutions of learning, expenditures on household goods and education were main predictors of voter apathy.Item Effects of political dispensations on the pattern of urban expansion in the Osogbo metropolis, Osun State, Nigeria(2014-10) Taiwo, O. J.; Abutaleb, K. A.; Ngie, A.; Ahmed, F.Most studies on urban growth have focused on measuring the extent and rate of urban growth, while some focused on the understanding of factors that initiate and sustain city growth at local and global scales. Only anecdotal studies exist on the effects of different political regimes on urban growth. Both military and democratic governments enacted and implemented various urban and related policies that might have impacted the urban expansion. This is because a regime’s ideology (be it civilian or military) could be a crucial growth-determining factor. This study compares urban growth in Osogbo, Nigeria, during military and civilian regimes, using eight landscape metrics. Landsat images of the Osogbo metropolis for the years 1986, 1991, 1996, 1999, 2003, 2010 and 2014 were selected, based on the progression of political regimes in Nigeria. Where necessary, the images were gap-filed and co-registered to a common datum. Supervised classification was used in identifying built-up areas over-time, while change vector analysis was used in exploring growth pattern between the civilian and the military regimes. Landscape metrics were used to assess the process and impacts of urban expansion, while analysis of variance was used to assess variations in growth between the two dispensations. There has been considerable growth in Osogbo metropolis since its creation in 1991, and significant differences exist in urban growth rates between military and civilian regimes (F=7.920, P<0.05). However, the effect of urban growth on distance to central business district, available open space, urban sprawl, and shape of built-up areas, are not significantly different between the military and the civilian regimes. Urban expansion occurred primarily through expansion of existing urban areas rather than spontaneous and detached development. Therefore, one of the most difficult conclusions from this study is that urban benefits derived through city growth do not necessarily have anything to do with the type of city administrations in place.Item Spatial modelling of urban change using satellite remote sensing: a review(2013-07) Ngie, A.; Abutaleb, K.; Ahmed, F.; Taiwo, O. J. O. J.Urbanization is one of the most evident human-induced global changes. Population growth is an important factor that contributes to change in any urban system. Although urbanization has been an issue of concern, its rate is of a more serious concern. Despite its economic importance, urban growth has a considerable impact on the surrounding environment. Addressing the various challenges posed by urbanization process requires spatio-temporal analysis of cities and regions. This is because cities are dynamic so also are the processes that are shaping cities globally and locally. Researchers and city planners have assessed urbanization processes through the lens of remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS). Recent advances in RS and GIS tools with varying analysis techniques have enabled researchers to model urban change effectively. Using a critical review approach, this paper contributes to the growing bodies of knowledge by reviewing published studies that made use of satellite RS and GIS in understanding the dynamism of urban areas through change detection and urban modelling.Item Modeling urban change using cellular automata: the case study of Johannesburg, South Africa(2013-07) Abutaleb, K.; Taiwo, O. J.; Ahmed, F.; Ngie, A.Urbanization is one of the most evident human-induced global changes. Despite its economic importance, urban growth has a considerable impact on the surrounding environment. The most hazardous impacts caused by the informal and sometimes poorly planned developments are: the destruction of green spaces, increase in traffic, air pollution, congestion with crowding and lack of significant contribution to national income. Remote sensing provides an excellent source of data, from which updated land use/land cover information and changes can be extracted, analyzed, and simulated efficiently. Recent advances in computer models, GIS and remote sensing tools enable researchers to model and predict urban growth effectively. Cellular automata models have better performance in simulating urban development than conventional mathematical models. Johannesburg is the economic powerhouse of South Africa and it is the most populous metropolitan area. The city has experienced a significant growth in informal settlements. This growth has led to the loss of vast expanses of land, thus reducing the land available for other land uses, and contributing to a series of environmental problems. This paper quantified, mapped, and analyzed, the urban growth of Johannesburg from 1995 to 2010 using Landsat TM & ETM+ data. Cellular automata techniques were implemented for modeling the urban growth of the city of Johannesburg up to 2030. The model predicted future urban changes within and at the periphery of the city. The forecasted urban land cover change would prove useful for future urban planning and management of space in Johannesburg.