Geography
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Item A spatial temporal analysis of wetland losses in the Lagos coastal region, Southwestern Nigeria, using multi-date satellite imagery(2009) Taiwo, O. J.; Areola, O.This paper assesses the temporal trend and the spatial patterns of wetland forest loss in the Lagos coastal region of southwestern Nigeria between 1978 and 2006 based on the comparative analysis of multi-date satellite imageries for 1978, 1987, 1995, 2000 and 2006. The initial number of wetland habitats was derived using an unsupervised classification algorithm. Freshwater and mangrove swamp forests dominated the area. Generally, the wetlands declined by 19% between 1978 and 2006 at 0.6% annual rate of loss. The freshwater and mangrove swamp forests declined by 20.9% and 13.0% with an annual rate of loss of 0.7% and 0.43% respectively. Using the Markov Chain technique, the trend in wetland loss would likely continue if the current economic, social and political systems are maintained. The lower rate of decline of mangrove forests compared with freshwater swamp forests is a reflection of the more waterlogged and difficult terrain.Item Inland habitat environmental sensitivity index mapping and modeling using geographic information systems and remote sensing technology(2007) Taiwo, O.; Areola, O.This study applies the Inland ESI mapping model developed by ERML and ESRI for the Niger Delta to the southeastern coastal region of Nigeria. Traditionally ESI mapping had been applied to shoreline areas and the maps typically contain three types of information: shoreline classification in terms of sensitivity to oiling, human-use resources, and biological resources. The ESI shoreline classification scheme is a numeric characterization of the sensitivity of coastal environments and wildlife to spilled oil. ESI was developed to reduce the environmental consequences of a spill and help prioritize the placement and allocation of resources during cleanup efforts. An improvement to the traditional ESI atlas has further been added through the development of ESI for inland/interior areas. This is particularly significant in the Nigeria context where many oil and gas facilities are located in the inland/interior habitats. This study shows that the model developed for the Niger delta is equally applicable to southeast coastal environment. The modeling is done using satellite imagery followed by rigorous field data collection and modeling within Arcview GIS environment. The GIS approach is quite ideal for ESI modeling because of its capability to sequentially overlay different data layers for various kinds of spatial statistical analysis and spatial modeling. The most critical element is the construction of the database: the relational database structure adopted greatly facilitates data search and analytical operations.Item An econometric analysis of capital flight from Nigeria: a portfolio choice approach(The African Economic Research Consortium, Kenya, 2007-05) Lawanson, A. O.Item Petroleum Exploitation or Human Exploitation? An Overview of Niger Delta Oil Producing Communities in Nigeria(African Research Review, 2009) Ajibade, L.T.; Awomuti, A.A.This paper examined the impact of petroleum exploitation on the environment of the Niger Delta oil producing communities in Nigeria. This is in furtherance of the understanding that human beings are at the centre of concerns for sustainable development. The paper observed that there was need for the adoption of measures that would provide a reasonable degree of protection of ecological and human environment from the activities of the oil industry in Nigeria.Item Transport institutions in Nigeria's livestock trade: a case study of the Bodija cattle market, Ibadan(Faculty of the Social Sciences, University of Ibadan, 2009-03) Filani, M. O.; Ajayi, D. D."Using a qualitative method, this paper analyses the institutions in Nigeria’s livestock trade which enable an understanding of the actors and the nature of their interactions in the transportation of cattle from centres of production to the final consumers, using the Bodija cattle market in lbadan as the case study. This paper is viewed within Alonso’s General Theory of Movement, and by extension, Ullman’s bases of spatial interaction. Fixed routes are followed in a north-south direction, with extraneous time consuming and quite often risky overland doverage of the earliest stages o f movement, through railway carriage, though not without hitches. There road transport has dominated the movement of cattle in Nigeria, often by the private sector, not without its attendant problems though. Information was collected from leaders in cattle marketing and transportation, noting especially the ethnicity and gender relations. The data collection involved group interview, direct observations and extraction of relevant information from published sources. The findings show that formal and informal actors are involved in cattle transportation business. The movement of cattle to Akinyele was from the northern states. The choice of the marker by cattle dealers largely depends on prices at various source markets, easy availability of transport, and varieties of cattle species in demand. The availability of mobile phones has facilitated the exchange of information. Transportation is largely arranged through Yan Kwammssion (commissioned agents), and transport costs vary in proportion to the distance travelled."Item Recent trends and patterns in Nigeria's industrial development(Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa, 2007) Ajayi, D. D.This paper analyses recent trend and spatial patterns of manufacturing in Nigeria. In particular, the paper shows that industrial development in the country involved considerable artisanal crafts firms in the early stages and grew progressively in number over the years to large-scale manufacturing. The pattern of the distribution of manufacturing industries at the city level indicates that there is a marked concentration of manufacturing establishments in the southern part of the country, and especially Lagos, Ibadan and Benin in the southwest. Other locations of relative high concentration of industrial establishments are Kano in the North; and Enugu and Port Harcourt in the southeast. Although, this paper shows that production subcontracting increased and varied amongst subcontracting firms, production subcontracting relationships are concentrated in a few locations. The paper concludes that the spatial pattern could change if industrialists adopt the strategy of industrial linkages, and especially production subcontracting which has become a driving force in contemporary industrial development efforts in the world today. It is expected that the situation could be better enhanced given the ongoing privatisation of industrial concerns in Nigeria.Item The determinants of undergraduate CGPA among students' of the Faculty of the Social Sciences, University of Ibadan(Faculty of the Social Sciences, University of Ibadan, 2006-03) Olaniyan, O.; Ajayi, D. D..; Oyekanmi, B. O.; Obemeata, A.; Alarape, AThis paper examines the determinants of students' performance in the University. We used the grade point average (GPA) of students in Faculty of the Social Sciences of University of lbadan as a model of characteristics of the students at the time of their entry into the university. This helps in identifying the factors that are likely to predict the successful outcome of the students in the university. Specifically, the research tests whether SSCE and JAMB scores are reliable predictors of GPA. In doing this, we analysed a sample of 866 students who graduated in three different sessions from five departments in the faculty. The results of our analysis suggest that while the performance in the General Certificate of Education, ordinary level examinations appears to better predict undergraduate performance as measured by CGPA, JAMB scores are not good predictors of students' grades in the faculty.Item Integration, industrial linkages and production subcontracting: an overview(2006) Ajayi, D. D.The literature is replete with works on integration, industrial linkages and production subcontracting. This paper takes an overview of the literature on these all important aspects of the operations of industrial activities. Whereas, integration involves all forms of collaborative and co-operative ventures among industrial organizations over space, industrial linkages takes the form of purchases of inputs of goods or services from, or sales of output to another manufacturing firm which may include all forms of contacts and flows of information and/or materials between two or more individual firms which could either be vertical or horizontal in nature, and which may vary with the scale of operations and facilitated by certain basic factors. Production subcontracting pertains to the breaking down of production process into smaller units by firms which has become a major strategy of corporate organizations whereby part of a firm's production is handled by other independent firms in a chain of production.Item An analysis of Nigeria's environmental vision 2010(Routledge Taylor and Francis Group, 2005) Ajayi, D. D.; Ikporukpo, C. O."The Vision 2010 Committee was inaugurated in 1996, with a mandate to develop a blueprint of measures to ensure the realization of Nigeria's potential as an independent country by the year 2010. The Committee submitted its report in 1997. This paper analyses the basic policy objectives-to seek a safe and healthy environment that secures the economic and social well-being of present and future generations—and the strategies used for their achievement. Despite this policy thrust, an in-depth assessment based on facts and figures show that environmental protection/conservation is very low on the nation's agenda. Indeed, the depletion of the forest has continued unabated, such that there is a high rate of deforestation and forest resource loss without a corresponding afforestation programme. The problem of erosion has received little or no attention, given inadequate funding and poor management practices. Very little effort is being made to combat the twin problems of desertification and drought. Pollution from mining and industrial activities is on the increase. Pollution from petroleum (oil spills), particularly from sabotage and blockage, is also on the increase. However, the incidence of gas flaring may be eliminated by the year 2005, given the current trend. Apart front these, Nigeria has developed only about 40 per cent of its water resources. Municipal solid waste is a common feature in most urban centres without corresponding management practices, while environmental planning, and especially Environmental Impact Assessments (EMA), have received little or no attention. Thus, most of the policy objectives are unlikely to be achieved within the stipulated time given the current trends and the general lack of public enlightenment/awareness on the issues of environmental problems and the mitigating measures. A more pragmatic approach is necessary if the policy objective is to be achieved."Item Growth pattern and the industrial development of the Lagos region, Nigeria(Faculty of Geography, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 2004) Ajayi, D. D.This paper examines the nature, growth and spatial pattern of industries within the Lagos Region. Industrial activities in this region grew progressively over the year from mere brickwork, palm oil mills, printing press, soap factory, and metal container factory to capital intensive manufacturing. Indeed, the number of industrial establishments increased from 122 in 1962 to 637 in 1993. Lagos developed into Nigeria’s leading industrial center, especially following the expansion in its service and administrative sectors. Whereas, chemicals and pharmaceutical; and basic metal, iron and steel and fabricated metal products industry groups dominate in industrial scene, wood and wood products (including furniture); and non-metallic mineral products are rare. The spatial pattern shows that industrial establishments vary amongst the industrial estates/areas, and also among the industry groups. lkeja/Ogba/lsheri industrial estate/area dominates the industrial scene.