Ophthalmology

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Eye diseases among drivers In the University College Hospital and College of Medicine, University of lbadan, Nigeria.
(2009-07) Bekibele, C. O.; Fawole, O. I.; Adekunle, L. V.; Bamboye, A. E.; Ajayi, R.; Baiyeroju A.M.
Objective of this study is to determine the pattern of eye diseases amongst drivers of College of Medicine, University of Ibadan (UI) and the University College Hospital (UCH) Ibadan. Cross sectional study of (99) drivers employed by the two institutions using a semi structured questionnaire and through eye examination at the eye clinic of UCH. Our results show that age range of respondents was from 39-60 years , mean 50.1+/- 4.78 years. Driving experience ranged from 5 to 43 years, mean 27.9years. +/- 6.24. Causes of ocular morbidity were pterygium 14.1 %, pingueculum 8 %, optic atrophy 8%, glaucoma 4%, and pathological myopia 1%. Risk of developing anterior segment disease increased with number of years spent driving. (OR2.4, 95% C! 1.1-6.2; P=O.05). We conclude that periodic eye examination of drivers can help to identify potential blinding eye diseases such as glaucoma and cataract and allow prompt treatment to prevent blindness and ensure safe driving. Drivers may be redeployed to an administrative job after a prolonged period of driving and when visual impairment ensures.
Prevalence of refractive error and attitude to spectacle use among drivers of public institutions in Ibadan, Nigeria
(2007) Bekibele, C. O.; Fawole, O. I.; Bamboye, A. E.; Adekunle, L. V.; Ajayi, R.; Baiyeroju A.M.
Background: High rate of motor vehicle accidents have been associated with poor vision. Studies on drivers from elsewhere other than health institutions have found abnormal visual acuities. The aim of this study is to determine prevalence of refractive errors and the attitude to spectacle wear among drivers of public institutions studied. Methods: A cross sectional population study of all 99 motor vehicle drivers from the College of Medicine, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital (UCH) Ibadan between December 2003 and January 2004. Results: The ninety-nine motor vehicle drivers in the study comprised of 67 (67.7%) from the College of Medicine, and 32 (32.3%) from the UCH. All were males, aged 38 to 60 years, mean 50.1 ± (SD= 4.8 years). Proportion of drivers with refractive errors was 16.7% (95% CI, 16.6-16.8) but only 56.3% of these wear glasses while driving (others did not including 3 out 4 who were bilaterally visually impaired without glasses). Relative frequency of RTA among drivers was 16.2%, the risk was marginally higher among drivers with refractive error (OR 1.2, 95% Cl: 0.4-3.7). The commonest refractive error was simple hypermetropia present in 15 eyes. Hypermetropia was associated with increasing age of drivers (p<0.05). Majority (97.7%) of the drivers were presbyopic but only 32 (32.3%) were current wearers of spectacles. Conclusion: Refractive errors were present in 16.7% of drivers studied. But 43.8% of these (3 out 4 of whom were bilaterally visually impaired without glasses) do not wear corrective lenses while driving. There is need for periodic visual screening exercise and eye health education on drivers.
Risk factors for road traffic accidents among drivers of public institutions in Ibadan, Nigeria
(2007) Bekibele, C. O.; Fawole, O. I.; Bamboye, A. E.; Adekunle, L. V.; Ajayi, R.; Baiyeroju A.M.
Recent studies have shown an increase in the rate of road traffic accident (RTA). Identifying the risk factors for this problem may provide a clue to possible effective intervention. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors for self reported RTA among drivers of educational institutions and make suggestions to promote safer driving. A cross sectional population study of motor vehicle drivers from the College of Medicine, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital (UCH) Ibadan was undertaken between December 2003 and January 2004. The study comprised of 99 motor vehicle drivers. 67 (67.7%) were from the College of Medicine, and 32 (32,3%) from the UCH. Response rate was 97,1 %. All were males, aged 38 to 60 years, mean 50.1 ± (SD= 4.8 years). The prevalence of self reported RTA was 16.2%. The cause of road traffic accidents included, mechanical fault (50%), bad road (12.5%). RTA prevalence was higher among older drivers (OR=1.7, 95%CI=0.5-5.9; P>0.05), drivers who had part time jobs (Odds ratio 2.6, 95% CI 1.1-6.3; X2 =4.5, P=O.03), and drivers with visual impairment (OR=1.6, 95% CI=0.9, X2 0.49, P > 0.05). The prevalence of RTA was lower amongst drivers who did not take alcohol, cola nut and other CNS stimulants while driving (OR 0.9, 95% CI=0.3-2.3, P >0.05). Regular maintenance of official vehicles and examination of drivers' eyes are recommended. Drivers should be discouraged from drugs and part jobs so as to ensure that they have enough time to rest and therefore prevent fatigue related RTA.