Effects of Photo-Voice Approach on Recall Accuracy in 24-Hour Dietary Assessment Procedure among University of Ibadan Undergraduate Students

Abstract

Background: Misreporting in 24-hour dietary recall procedure limits establishing diet-disease relationship, thus, innovations to improve recall accuracy is desirable. Objective: This study was designed to assess the effects of photo-voice approach on 24-hour dietary recall accuracy among undergraduate students. Method: This cross-sectional study involved 200 undergraduate students selected using a simple random sampling from a pool of consenting students using WhatsApp-enabled smartphones. Socio-demographic characteristics and dietary intake data were obtained using semi-structured questionnaire. Respondents were prompted to capture and submit daily foods and drinks consumption and randomly sampled for assessment over a 30-day period. Dietary intake was assessed using 24-hour multi-pass recall and photovoice-aided 24-hour multi-pass recall same day. Energy and nutrients intake and percentage difference in the two approaches were calculated and compared using descriptive statistics and Chisquare test (p≤0.05). Results: Age was 21.0±1.8 years and 57.5% were males. Estimated intakes of energy (1701.2±795.3; 1684.4±774.4)kcal, Protein (50.6±29.1; 50.1±28.1)g, Vitamin A (2712.5±1903.4; 2149.5±1747.4)RE and other nutrients were largely higher with photovoice-aided than conventional 24-hour recall approach, respectively. Large underreporting of phosphorus (-76.7%); thiamin (-72.7%), vitamin A (-26.2%), and vitamin C (-10.1%); and overreporting of vitamins B6 (+33.3%); B2 (+11.1%), and B12 (+17.6%) were observed. Recall accuracy for energy (+15.2%; -8.2%); thiamin (+21.4%; - 58.5%); riboflavin (+27.3%; -24.2%), vitamin B6 (+9.1%; -18.6%), folate (+27.8%; -12.2%), calcium (+11.3%; -17.9%), zinc (+10.9%;-2.6%) and iron (+14.1%; -8.2%) differed significantly in female and male respondents, respectively. Conclusion: Application of photo-voice methodology improves recall accuracy in 24-hour dietary recall procedure and reflects gender difference in recall accuracy