Human Nutrition and Dietetics
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Item VITAMIN A STATUS AND THE EFFECT OF ORAL SUPPLEMENTATION IN PREGNANT NIGERIAN WOMEN(1991) ADEYEFA, I. O.This study was designed to investigate vitamin A nutritional status of pregnant and non pregnant non lactating Nigerian women. The beneficial effects of oral vitamin A supplementation was also investigated in the pregnant women. The study was carried out in three one was the cross-sectional study carried out on 22, 88 and 61 pregnant women in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimesters. The controls were 35 non pregnant non lactating women in the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle. Their ages ranged from 18 to 45yrs with a mean age of 27.8+/— 6.82yrs. The subjects were randomly selected from both the University teaching and Adeoyo hospitals, Ibadan and the study lasted for a period of nine months. The result of the study showed that 11% of the subjects had plasma vitamin A levels in the deficient range << 20ug/dl) while 60% had marginal values (20 - 29ug/dl). Plasma vitamin A levels was observed to decrease as pregnancy progressedItem Obesity and hypertension amongst traders in Ijebu Ode, Nigeria(2015-01) Oladoyinbo, C. A.; Ekerette, N. N.; Ogunubi, T. I.Market traders spend most hours of the day sitting down and involved in many other sedentary activities, conditions which increase the risk of chronic diseases. This study was designed to determine the prevalence of obesity and hypertension amongst market men and women in Ijebu- Ode, Nigeria. A cross-sectional study involving 157 (52.3%) males and 143 (47.7%) females was conducted. Body mass index (BMI) was derived from weight and height measurements; waist circumference (WC) measurement was taken to assess abdominal obesity. Blood pressure was measured using a digital sphygmomanometer. The mean(±S.E) age in the study was 39.04(0.658) years, mean(±S.E) BMI, SBP and DBP were 26.36(0.32)kgm-2, 116.64(1.27)mmHg and 79.50(0.86)mmHg respectively. Based on BMI, the prevalence of overweight and obesity were 25.3% and 26.7%. About 52.0% of the respondents had abdominal obesity. Prevalence of both general and abdominal obesity were significantly higher among females than males (p<0.05). The overall prevalence of hypertension was 16.0%. Body Mass Index was significantly related to both systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p<0.05). Obesity and hypertension among market men and women in Ijebu-Ode constitute health issues of public health importance. Sensitization on prevention and control of these disorders is important to protect those in this community from obesity related health challenges.Item KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE RELATING TO NUTRITION AMONG PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) IN IBADAN AND SHAKI, OYO STATE, NIGERIA(2012-05) ADENIJI, T. A.Nutrition plays a critical role in promoting the health of People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Nutritional problems strongly predict illness or death among PLWHA. However, the knowledge, attitude and practices relating to adequate nutrition by this group of people have not been adequately explored in Nigeria. This study was therefore carried out to determine the knowledge, attitude and nutritional practices among PLWHA who were attending Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) clinics in Ibadan and Shaki, Oyo State, Nigeria. The study was cross-sectional in design. A total of 350 respondents were selected from two ART clinics: Adeoyo Maternity Hospital, Ibadan (200) and State Hospital, Shaki (150) using systematic random sampling technique. A semi-structured questionnaire consisting of information on socio-economic characteristics, a 58-point knowledge scale [classified as poor (score < 29 points), fairly good (score 29 – 34 points), good (score 35 – 40 points) and very good (score ≥41)], Likert scale for attitude and a 22-point nutritional practice scale [classified as adequate (≥50%) and inadequate (<50%)] was used for data collection. Weight, height and Body Mass Index (BMI) of the respondents were also measured. Nutritional status of the respondents was defined as underweight (BMI <18.5kg/m2), normal weight (BMI=18.5–24.5kg/m2), overweight (BMI=25.0–29.9kg/m2) and obese (BMI ≥30.0kg/m2). Data were analysed using, descriptive statistics, t-test and Chi-square test. Mean age of respondents was 35.7 ± 11.4 years and majorities (70.9%) were Yoruba. The females (68.3%) were more than males (31.7%). Only 17.4% of respondents had no formal education while 19.4%, 27.1%, 16.9% and 36.1% had primary, secondary, post-secondary and tertiary education respectively. Majority of the respondents (76.0%) earned less than N10,000.00 per month. All the respondents were aware that adequate nutrition is crucial for their health and survival. The mean nutritional knowledge score of the respondents was 43.0 ± 4.6. There was no significant difference in the mean nutritional knowledge scores between male (42.4 ± 4.7) and female (43.2 ± 4.5). Majority (86.5%) agreed that malnutrition accelerates the progression from HIV to AIDS. More than half (63.7%) agreed that PLWHAs need better nutrition than those without HIV. Many of the respondents (64.0%) had normal weight, and a significant difference was observed in the prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity between the female (6.6%, 13.4% and 9.7%) and male (1.7%, 3.1% and 1.4%) respondents respectively (p<0.05). There was a significant relationship between nutritional status and education, occupation, monthly income and housing facility of the respondents. In other hand, there was no significant relationship observed between the nutritional status and either the nutritional knowledge or practices of the respondents. People Living with HIV/AIDS had very good nutritional knowledge and positive attitudes, but adequate nutrition was only practised by about half of them. There is need to sustain awareness of and support for them to improve the practice of adequate nutrition which is crucial for their health and wellbeing.