Browsing by Author "Fasanmade, A. A."

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D-ribose-L-cystein prevents oxidative stress and cardiometabolic syndrome in high-fructose, high-fat-fed rats
(Elsevier, 2021) Ojetola, A. A.; Adeyemi, W. J.; David, U. E.; Ajibade, T. O.; Adejumobi, O. A.; Omobowale, T. O.; Oyagbemi, A. A.; Fasanmade, A. A.
Cardiometabolic syndrome has been linked with dietary modification. Therefore, we investigated the effects of D-ribose L cysteine (DRLC) in rats fed with high fructose high fat (IFF) diet. Twenty rats (n 5), divided into 4 groups were concurrently exposed to IIFIIF and/or DRLC (250 mg/kg, p.o) during the 8 weeks study. The result showed that compared to control group, HFHF group had significant impairment in lipid and glucose homeo- stasis, increased cardiac xanthine oxidase, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, body weight change and fluid intake. Also, there were significant reductions in HDL-C, cardiac (GPX, NO&GGT), feel intake and relative heart weight in the latter, relative to the former. However, there were no significant differences in most of the observed physical and biochemical changes in IIFIIF DRLC group compared to control. DRLC alone did not disrupt the level of biomarkers. Conclusively, DRLC prevented the manifestation of oxidative stress and cardiometabolic syndrome in IIFIIF diet fed rats.
Diabetic Macular Oedema in Diabetic Patients attending the endocrinology clinic at University College Hospital, Ibadan
(Wolters Kluwer - Medknow, 2024) Oluleye, T. S.; Babalola, Y. O.; Majekodunmi, O. I.; Ijaduola, M. A.; Fasanmade, A. A.; Alonge, T. O.; Adebusoye, S. O.
Background: Diabetic macular oedema (DME), a significant threat to vision among diabetics, often eludes the early detection due to patients’ delayed ophthalmologist visits. Our efforts to increase screening participation through physician referral promotion and cost reduction have not yielded significant results. Faced with the persistent challenge of low screening rates, we sought to explore innovative alternatives to increase DME detection. The first involved implementing ophthalmologist-led screening programmes, while the second focused on promoting sponsored on-site screenings at diabetic clinics. These strategies aim to integrate DME screenings more seamlessly into routine diabetes management, potentially increasing the likelihood of early detection. By making screenings more convenient and readily available within existing care pathways, we anticipate these approaches could significantly improve participation rates and consequently lead to earlier intervention for DME amongst diabetic patients. Aim: To determine the prevalence of DME in visually asymptomatic diabetic patients through comprehensive screening and to evaluate the potential benefits of early detection in improving the visual outcomes and patient care. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from 2020 to 2023, involving 225 consecutive diabetic patients who consented to participate while attending the diabetic clinic. The Joint University of Ibadan/University College Hospital Institutional Review Board provided ethical approval for the research. The study collected the data on patient demographics and medical history. Thereafter, they underwent comprehensive ocular examinations. All findings were systematically documented for analysis using the IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software version 26.0. Results: A total of 225 diagnosed diabetic patients (450 eyes) were examined in the study. The duration of diabetes mellitus amongst participants ranged from two months to 30 years. The sex distribution shows a male-to-female ratio of 1:2.6, indicating a higher proportion of female participants. The age range of the study population is 31–87 years. Regarding diabetic control, 32% of participants had a fasting blood sugar (FBS) level higher than 120 mg/dL. Visual acuity (VA) assessments revealed that 16.9% (n = 38) of participants had VA worse than 6 / 12. Out of the total participants, 42 (18.9%) had DME in at least one eye, while 180 (81.1%) had no DME. DME was observed in 32 right eyes (14.7%) and 32 left eyes (14.9%). A statistically significant association was found between DME and visual impairment (χ2 = 11.2, P = 0.001), with a higher proportion of DME patients (33.3%) having visual impairment compared to those without DME (13.1%). Patients with DME were 3.6 times more likely to have best-corrected VA worse than 6 / 12 in the better eye compared to those without DME. Conclusion: This study reveals a significant prevalence of DME and its strong association with visual impairment. Our findings underscore the need to take screening services directly to diabetic clinics and the urgency of implementing routine eye screening protocols for all diabetic patients in our medical facilities to enable the early detection and timely intervention.
Impact of dietary intervention on selected biochemical indices of inflammation and oxidative stress in Nigerians with metabolic syndrome: a pilot study
(2014) Rahamon, S. K.; Charles-Davies, M. A.; Akinlade, K. S.; Olaniyi, J. A.; Fasanmade, A. A.; Oyewole, O. E.; Owolabi, M. O.; Adebusuyi, J. R.; Hassan, O. O.; Ajobo, B. M.; Ebesunun, M. O.; Adigun, K.; Fabian, U. A.; Popoola, O. O.; Okunbolade, W.; Arinola, O. G.; Agbedana, E. O.
Aim: This study assessed the impact of dietary modification on cardiometabolic, inflammatory and oxidative stress indices in Nigerians with metabolic syndrome (MS). Subjects and Methods: Sixty participants with MS were selected using the International Diabetes Federation criteria from a cohort participating in “Risk Assessment of Type 2 diabetes mellitus and Dementia in Nigerians with Metabolic Syndrome” study. The subjects were seen by a Dietitian and the approximate percentages of total calories from total protein, total fat, polyunsaturated fat, and carbohydrate were calculated from dietary history and pegged at 20%, 30%, 14% and 50% respectively. To ensure compliance, each participant was seen monthly (for 6 months) by the Dietitian. Glucose and lipid profile were determined using enzymatic methods. Serum activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and levels of nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), total protein and albumin were determined using spectrophotometric methods while high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and tumuor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were determined using ELISA. Student’s t-test (paired) and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used for statistical analysis as appropriate. P-value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: The mean blood pressure (BP), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference(WC), hip circumference (HC), body fat, NO, hsCRP, H2O2, total protein and globulin were significantly reduced while the mean HDL, MDA, albumin and activities of CAT and MPO were significantly increased post-dietary modification compared with baseline. Conclusion: Short-term dietary intervention improved cardiovascular risk, inflammation and oxidative stress indices in Nigerians with MS.
Indices of metabolic syndrome in 534 apparently healthy traders
(David Publishing, 2012-02) Charles-Davies, M. A.; Arinola, O. G.; Fasanmade, A. A.; Olaniyi, J. A.; Oyewole, O. E.; Owolabi, M. O.; Hassan, O. O.; Ajobo, M. T.; Adigun, K.; Akinlade, K. S.; Adebusuyi, J. R.; Ebesunun, M. O.; Popoola, O. O.; Okunbolade, W.; Fabian, U. A.; Rahamon, S. K.; Ogunlakin, M. A.; Agbedana, E. O.
Background: Metabolic Syndrome (MS) increases the risk of developing type-2 diabetes (DM2) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and it is thought to be prevalent in Nigeria. This study aims at determining the prevalence of MS and its component risk factors among apparently healthy traders in a local market in Ibadan, Nigeria. Methods: 534 apparently healthy traders from a local market in Bodija, Ibadan, Nigeria aged (18–105) years with neither DM2 nor CVD were participants of a cohort study on risk assessment of type 2 diabetes and dementia in Nigerians with metabolic syndrome. The International Diabetes Federation (2005) and the World Health Organisation (1998) criteria were used for MS and BMI respectively. Anthropometric indices (weight, height, body mass index (BMI), percentage body fat (PBF), waist and hip circumferences (WC & HC) and their ratio (WHR), waist circumference to height ratio (WHT)) and blood pressure (BP) were obtained by standard methods. Blood samples (6 ml) were obtained for the determination of glucose (FPG), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) by enzymatic methods while low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was calculated. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square test and ANOVA were among the analyses conducted. Results: 301 (56.4%) of traders studied were overweight (176, 33.0%) or obese (125, 23.4%) while 17 (3.4%) and 125 (40.4%) were underweight and normal weight respectively. The prevalence of MS and obesity were 87 (16.3%) and 125 (23.4%) respectively. There was significant association between obesity and MS (p < 0.05). Both MS and obesity were significantly associated with gender (p < 0.05). The prevalence of MS and obesity was higher in female (20.9%; 31.0%) than male traders (6.5%; 7.1%) respectively. The prevalence of MS increased from normal weight (8.3%) to overweight (18.8%) to obesity (28.8%). There were significantly higher differences in age, BP(systolic and diastolic), weight, BMI, WC, HC, WHT, WHR, and PBF but lower difference in height when overweight/obese groups were compared with normal weight group (p < 0.05). TC and LDL-C were significantly higher in only obese than normal weight traders. However, FPG, TG and HDL-C were similar in all groups (p >0.05). Conclusion: There is high prevalence of MS and obesity among Nigerian traders. Female gender, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, increasing age, general and abdominal obesity appear to be important metabolic risk factors of CVD and not DM2 among Nigerian traders. Health care strategies for effective modulation of diet and lifestyle are needed urgently. In addition, screening programs for indices of MS in all Nigerians irrespective of BMI could be considered.
Inhibin B levels in relation to obesity measures and lipids in males with different numbers of metabolic syndrome components
(2016) Laniyan, D. O.; Charles-Davies, M. A.; Fasanmade, A. A.; Olaniyi, J. A.; Oyewole, O. E.; Owolabi, M. O.; Adebusuyi, J. R.; Hassan, O.; Ajobo, B. M.; Ebesunun, M. O.; Adigun, K.; Akinlade, K. S.; Okoli, S. U.; Arinola, O. G.; Agbedana, E. O.
Introduction: Defective spermatogenesis and metabolic syndrome affect 2-4% and 12.4% of males respectively. Deficient testosterone levels due to increased conversion of testosterone to oestradiol have been demonstrated in males with the metabolic syndrome (MS) with limited pituitary and leptin contribution. Defective spermatogenesis is thus implicated in males with MS but is controversial. Inhibin B is a marker of spermatogenesis. This study aims at evaluating inhibin B levels and their relationship with obesity measures and lipids in males with different number of MS components. Materials and Methods: This is a preliminary prospective study in which a total of 106 apparently healthy males (30, 30, 30 and 16 males with 0, 1, 2 and ≥3 components of metabolic syndrome (NMSC) respectively) aged 19-64 years were purposely selected. Blood pressure (BP) and obesity measures (including visceral adiposity index (VAI) and body mass index (BMI)) were obtained by standard methods. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) were determined by enzymatic methods while low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) and the lipid ratios (TG/HDLC, TC/HDLC, LDLC/HDLC) were calculated. Inhibin B was analysed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (RayBiotech, Inc. USA). Data analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multiple regressions were significant at P <.05. Results: Inhibin B decreased significantly in males with 0 to 2 NMSC (P <.05). However, inhibin levels between males with 0 and ≥3 NMSC were similar. Age and inhibin B levels were also similar among the different classes of BMI (P>0.05). Inhibin B related positively with HDLC and TC but negatively with VAI, LDLC and TC/HDLC. Conclusion: Reproductive function appears protected in Nigerian males with MS. However, improvement in HDLC, LDLC, TC levels, VAI and TC/HDLC may enhance fertility potential especially in males with one or two MS components, probably through dietary modulation and physical activity.
Leptin concentrations in African blacks with metabolic syndrome and Type 2 diabetes mellitus
(David Publishing, 2011) Fabian, U. A.; Charles-Davies, M. A.; Adebusuyi, J. R.; Ebesunun, M. O.; Ajobo, B. M.; Hassan, O. O.; Adigun, K.; Owolabi, M. O.; Oyewole, O. E.; Olaniyi, J. A.; Fasanmade, A. A.; Akinlade, K. S.; Arinola, O. G.; Agbedana, E. O.
Background: Mortality rate from metabolic/cardiometabolic syndromes (MS/CMS) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) are highly prevalent in African blacks known with higher mortality from cardiovascular diseases than caucasians. Leptin, a satiety-regulating hormone increases in obesity and is associated with cardiovascular risk and prediction of MS. This study is designed to evaluate leptin in Nigerians with MS and DM2 to assist in the early diagnosis and prevention of metabolic diseases. Methods: 136 participants (45 with MS, 47 with DM2 and 44 apparently healthy individuals (controls)) aged 18-80 years were included in a cohort study at the University College Hospital, Ibadan. Measures of adiposity-%body fat, body mass index (BMI), waist and hip circumferences (WC and HC respectively), waist to hip ratio (WHR), and blood pressure were obtained by standard methods. 10 ml of blood were obtained from each participant after an overnight fast (10-14 h) and analysed for leptin, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL), and glucose by standard methods while low density lipoprotein (LDL) was calculated. Data obtained were analysed statistically with SPSS software version 16.0. Results: Weight, BMI, WC, HC, WHR, %body fat, blood pressure, TG, LDL-C, and glucose were significantly higher while HDL-C was significantly lower in individuals with MS and DM2 compared with controls (p<0.039). Leptin levels were significantly higher in MS group and not in DM2 group when compared with controls (p=0.000). Leptin did not correlate with any of the biochemical indices (p>0.05) tested but correlated significantly with different measures of adiposity in all groups. Leptin correlated negatively but significantly with blood pressure in MS group only. Conclusion: Increases in leptin levels in both MS and DM2 groups might reflect adiposity. Observed high leptin levels in MS group might be a compensatory mechanism for maintenance of weight/fat loss and blood pressure. Its routine analysis may assist in assessing adiposity associated with MS and DM2 for probable prevention of metabolic diseases.
Male sexual dysfunction, leptin, pituitary and gonadal hormones in Nigerian males with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus
(Avicenna Research Institute, 2016) Fabian, U. A.; Charles-Davies, M. A.; Fasanmade, A. A.; Olaniyi, J. A.; Oyewole, O. E.; Owolabi, M. O.; Owolabi, M. O.; Adebusuyi, J. R; Hassan, O. O.; Ajobo, B. M.; Ebesunun, M. O.; Adigun, K.; Akinlade, K. S.; Arinola, O. G.; Agbedana, E. O.
Background: Pituitary and gonadal dysfunctions resulting from increased adiposity leading to disturbances of sexual and reproductive functions have been reported in males with metabolic syndrome (MS) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). The aim of this study was to evaluate sexual dysfunction, leptin, and reproductive hormones in Nigerian males with MS and DM2. Methods: Participants were 104 men (34 males with DM2, 17 men with MS and 53 men with normal body mass index (18.5-24.9 Kg/m2) without MS (controls)). The International Diabetes Federation (2005) criteria were used for MS diagnosis. Reproductive history, anthropometry, blood pressure (BP) and 10 ml fasting blood samples were obtained by standard methods. Fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides and high density lipoprotein cholesterol were determined by enzymatic methods while low density lipoprotein cholesterol was calculated. Leptin, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinising hormone (LH), prolactin, testosterone and oestrogen were determined by enzyme immunoassay (leptin by Diagnostic Automation, Inc.; others by Immunometrics (UK) Ltd.) while oestrogen-testosterone ratio was calculated. Data analyzed using ANOVA, Chi square and multiple regression were statistically significant at p<0.05. Results: Testosterone was significantly lower in MS than controls while oestradiol and ETR were significantly higher in MS compared with controls and DM2 group (p<0.05). ETR significantly predicted testosterone in all groups (p<0.05). Significantly lower libido was observed in men in MS than controls and DM2 groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: Sexual and reproductive dysfunction may be related to increased conversion of testosterone to oestrogen in increased adipose mass in men with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Metabolic alterations in different stages of hypertension in an apparently healthy Nigerian population
(Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2013) Charles-Davies, M. A.; Fasanmade, A. A.; Olaniyi, J. A.; Oyewole, O. E.; Owolabi, M. O.; Adebusuyi, J. R.; Hassan, O.; Ajobo, M. T.; Ebesunun, M. O.; Adigun, K.; Akinlade, K. S.; Fabian, U. A.; Popoola, O. O.; Rahamon, S. K.; Okunbolade, W.; Ogunlakin, M. A.; Arinola, O. G; Agbedana, E. O.
Metabolic syndrome (MS) amplifies hypertension (HTN) associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). MS components and other CVD risk measures were investigated in different stages of hypertension. 534 apparently healthy Nigerian traders aged 18–105 years were participants of a cohort study.The International Diabetes Federation (2005) and the National High Blood Pressure Education Program Coordinating Committee criteria were used for MS and HTN classifications, respectively. Anthropometric indices were obtained by standard methods. Levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) were determined by enzymatic methods, while low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) was calculated. Data analysed statistically were significant at P < 0.05. 143 (26.8%), 197 (36.9%), and 194 (36.3%) of the traders had normotension, pre-HTN and HTN (stages 1 and 2), respectively. All indices tested except HDLC were significantly different among BP groups (P < 0.05).Waist to hip (WHR) and waist to height (WHT) ratios were significantly different between HTN groups (P < 0.05). HTN was associated with MS and female gender (P < 0.05). Metabolic alterations and significant HTN were observed. Treatment of the individual components of the syndrome and improvement of modifiable metabolic factors may be necessary to reduce MS and high BP.
Peristrophe roxburghiana Leaf Extracts Exhibited Anti-Hypertensive and Antilipidemic Properties in L-Name Hypertensive Rats. Life Sciences
(Elsevier Inc, 2019) Aluko, E. O.; Adejumobi, O. A.; Fasanmade, A. A.
Aims Hypertension is a global disease that has been combating the ward health for ages. Perstrophe sax burghiana (P) is used to traditional malivine to treat hypertension and other ailments. The present study ex amined phytochemical constituents, antexidant activities and GC-MS analysis of extracts of PR leaf and alu evaluated their anti-hypertensive and and-lipidemic effects in NG nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) hypertensive rats. Methods Wistar rats were grouped into two groups: control and hypertensive. Hypertension was induced in the hypertensive group by oral gavage of 60 mg/kg bw of L-NAME for 3 works. After induction, the hypertensive group was randomly sub grouped into hypertensive, hypertensive treated and hypertensive untreated groups. There were crally gavaged respectively with 60mg/kg bw of L-NAME, 60mg/kg bw/day of LNAME +200 mg/kg bw of different extracts of PR (aqueous, ethanolic and methanolic extracts) and 60 mg/kg b.w of L- NAME 20 mg/kg bw ramipril for 3 weeks. The blood pressure was memured by tad-cuff method at the third and sixth weeks. Key findings: The results showed that the extracts of Pit significantly decrease blood pressure, pro-atherogeni lipids and themgenic ratios in L-NAME hypertensive rats. White blood cells count, nautcaphil count and creatinine level were also effectively decreased by the extracts. Furthermore, the extracts incresse serum nitric oxide (NO) level, anti-atherogenic lipid, glutathione level, lymphocyte and platelet count in the rats. Significance Extracts of PR leaf decrease blood pressure and increase NO level in LNAME hypertensive rats and also corrected the hyperlipidemis and inflammatory response arising from the reduction in NO bioavailability.
Prevalence of HIV-I subtypes in infected concordant and discordant couples in Nigera
(Klober Academic Publishers, 2001-08) Odaibo, G. N.; Olaleye, O. D.; Ruppach, H.; Fasanmade, A. A.; Olubuyide, S. O.; Dietrich, U.
The peptide binding immunoassay (PELISA) was used as previously described to determine HIV-I subtypes among 60 married HIV-I sero-positive individuals and their spouses identified at the University College Hospital, Ibadan in order to investigate the rate of heterosexual partners by different HIV-I subtypes in Nigeria. Out of the 60 couples whose blood samples were analyzed, 33 (55%) were both positive HIV while only one spouse of the couples was sero-positive among the other 27. Using the McNemer test for discordant paired samples, an insignificant (P=0.0636) differnce was obtained between male to female and female to male transmission. Subtypes A, B, C and E were dtected among these individuals. Most (82.3%) of the subtypes C and all of the subtype E(12) were detected among the tranmitters (couples with concordant sero-positive status). This study indicates that HIV-I subtypes C and E may be more efficiently transmitted heterosexually than the other subtypes.
Prevalent components of metabolic syndrome and their correlates in apparently healthy individuals in Sub-Saharan Africa
(2014) Charles-Davies, M. A.; Fasanmade, A. A.; Olaniyi, J. A.; Oyewole, O. E.; Owolabi, M. O.; Adebusuyi, J. R.; Hassan, O.; Ajobo, M. T.; Ebesunun, M. O.; Adigun, K.; Akinlade, K. S.; Fabian, U. A.; Popoola, O. O.; Rahamon, S. K.; Okunbolade, W.; Ogunlakin, M. A.; Arinola, O. G.; Agbedana, E. O.
Aim: To assess the prevalent components of metabolic syndrome (MSC) and their related determinants of lipid metabolism in the Nigerian for early diagnosis, prevention and management of the metabolic syndrome (MS) and its associated diseases. Study Design: Cohort study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan between March and August 2010. Methodology: 534 apparently healthy Nigerian traders aged 18–105 years were participants of a cohort study. The IDF (2005) criteria was used for MS diagnosis. Anthropometric indices and blood pressure (BP) were obtained by standard methods. Fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) were determined by enzymatic methods while low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) was calculated. Data analysed were statistically significant at P<0.05. Results: 60.1% of traders had 2 and 3MSC. 0.6%, 1.1% and 9.6% of traders had all 5MSC, ≥3MSC without elevated waist circumference (WC) and zero MSC respectively. Elevated WC, reduced HDLC and high BP were more frequent MSC representing 70.2%, 63.1% and 47.9% while FPG and TG were less frequent representing 11.2% and 2.2% of traders respectively. This pattern was similar in MS and non-MS groups. 25.3% of males and only 2.2% of females had no MSC. Reduced HDLC and elevated WC were the most frequent MSC in males and females respectively. All metabolic risk factors (MRF) except TC were significantly different in comparison between MS and non-MS groups as well as among traders with 0-5 MSC. WHR was the only parameter that correlated significantly with all MRF. Conclusion: Elevated waist circumference, reduced high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high blood pressure may be prevalent metabolic syndrome components and important in managing metabolic syndrome in Nigeria. Regional specific cut-offs for these components for the African population is needed.
Reduction in Nitric Oxide Bioavailability Shifts Serum Lipid Content Towards Atherogenic Lipoprotein in Rats. Biomedicine and pharmacotherapy
(Elsevier, 2018) Aluko, E. O.; Omobowale, T. O.; Oyagbemi, A. A.; Adejumobi, O. A.; Fasanmade, A. A.
Nitric oxide (NO) is major endothelial relaxing factor and reduction in its bioavailabilty has been linked to hypertension. Furthermore, high lipid content is a strong risk factor predisposing to cardiovascular diseases. The principal focus of this study was to investigate the effect of blockade of nitric oxide synthase (NUS) on serum lipid content in rats. Male Wistar rats (150-170g, a 15) were randomly divided into two gruupe designated control (n=5), and L-Name group (n-10) and were gavage with distilled water and 60 mg/kg of L-NAME respectively daily for three weeks. After 3 weeks, the L-NAME group was sub-divided into two sub-groups (n=5 each): 1-NAME (00 mg/kg of L-NAME), and L-NAME plus ramipril (LR) (60 mg/kg of L-NAME plus 20 mg/kg of ramipril) and were treated daily for another three weeks. The blood pressure (BP) of the conscious rats was measured by tail-cuft method at the onset, at the third and at the sixth weeks of the experiment; while serum lipid contents and NO were measured at the third and sixth weeks. At the end of the experiment blood sample was drawn by ocular puncture for evaluation of lipid profile and NO, and the animals were later euthanized by overdere of anesthesia. Data were analyzed using ANOVA at p < 0.05. There was a significant increase in HP, triglyceride, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and atherogenic indices in L-NAME group compared to the control and LR group (p<0.05); NO and high density lipoprotein cholesterol was significant lower in the L-NAME group compared to contral and LR (p<0.05). In conclusion, reduction in NO bioavail- ability alters lipid metabolism, which was rected by ramipril
Reproductive function in premenopausal African blacks with metabolic syndrome: associations among Inhibin B, adipokines, pituitary and sex hormones and sex hormone binding globulin
(2016) Famuyiwa, I. O.; Bitrus, D. P.; Charles-Davies, M. A.; Fabian, U. A.; Fasanmade, A. A.; Olaniyi, J. A.; Oyewole, O. E.; Owolabi, M. O.|; Adebusuyi, J. R.; Hassan, O.|; Ajobo, B. M.; Ebesunun, M. O.; Adigun, K.; Akinlade, K. S.; Okoli, S. U.; Arinola, O. G.; Agbedana, E. O.
Reproductive dysfunction is associated with metabolic syndrome. Since fertility is highly valued in Africa, preliminary data on the association of metabolic syndrome with indices of reproductive function in premenopausal Nigerian women was provided. Sixty six premenopausal participants (44 with metabolic syndrome and 22 controls) aged 18-45 years were purposely selected for this study. Reproductive history, blood pressure and waist circumference were obtained by standard methods. Fasting blood was obtained for pituitary hormones, adipokines, sex hormone and sex hormone binding globulin, and inhibin B assays by EIA, ELISA and electro-chemiluminiscence. Plasma glucose, triglycerides and high density lipoprotein cholesterol were estimated by enzymatic methods. Free androgen index and oestrogen-testosterone ratio were calculated. Data obtained were statistically significant at P<0.05. All reproductive factors except follicle stimulating hormone and free androgen index levels were similar in both groups (P>0.05). Leptin levels were higher while adiponectin levels were lower in MS group than controls (P<0.05). Reproductive function appears sustained in MS. However, altered adipokines may relate to MS.
Sex hormones and their relationship with leptin and cardiovascular risk factors in pre and post-menopausal Nigerian women with metabolic syndrome
(2015) Fabian, U. A.; Charles-Davies, M. A.; Fasanmade, A. A.; Olaniyi, J. A.; Oyewole, O. E.; Owolabi, M. O.; Adebusuyi, J. R.; Hassan, O.; Ajobo, M. B.; Ebesunun, M. O.; Adigun, K.; Akinlade, K. S.; Arinola, O. G.; Agbedana, E. O.
Metabolic Syndrome (MS), which affects 33.1% of Nigerians, predisposing them to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, has been associated with the female gender. The cardioprotective effect of oestradiol against CVD is now controversial and was investigated in premenopausal with MS (PRMMS) and postmenopausal women with MS (POMMS). A total of 191 women (44 PRMMS, 126 POMMS and 21 premenopausal women without MS (PRM) (controls) with mean (s.d) age of 40.0 (6.9), 57.0 (8.8), 29.0 (6.8) years were participants of this study. Demography, blood pressure (BP), anthropometry, hormones, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and lipids were obtained by standard methods. Data were significant at (P<.05). Age, parity, all anthropometric measures, FPG, leptin, ET ratio and FSH were significantly higher while HDLC, testosterone and prolactin were significantly lower in PRMMS compared with controls (P<.03). In comparison of POMMS with PRMMS, age, parity, WHR, systolic BP, TG, FSH and LH were significantly higher while body weight, HC, and leptin were lower in POMMS compared with PRMMS (P<.05). DBP positively predicted oestradiol in PRM only (P=.044) while oestradiol positively predicted testosterone in PRMMS only (P<.001). In POMMS only, DBP positively predicted testosterone; testosterone, ET ratio and FSH positively predicted oestradiol while LDLC and oestradiol positively predicted the ET ratio (P<.03). Metabolic syndrome may predispose both pre and postmenopausal women to the risk cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Oestradiol may protect against cardiovascular diseases in women without metabolic syndrome only.