Browsing by Author "Popoola, K. O. K."

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Analysis of aquatic insects’ communities of Awba reservoir and its physico-chemical properties
(Maxwell Scientific Organization, 2011-06) Popoola, K. O. K.; Otalekor, A
This study was conducted to assess the Awba reservoir insects’ communities and the health status through the determination of insects’ abundance, composition, distribution and water qualities parameters. Water samples and insects were collected bi-weekly from August through December, 2009. Insects were sampled using standard entomological methods, while water samples was analyzed using standard Winkler’s titrimetric and APHA methods to determine the chemical properties. Water analyses and insects’ identifications were conducted in the laboratory in Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Oyo State. The results show that only DO and phosphate-phosphorus had significant difference (p<0.05). A total of 1,154 insects were recorded, Chironomidae and Culicidae were most abundance. The chemical properties and the distinct taxa found in the water suggest that the water body is polluted and may be dangerous to the health of people around the reservoir.
Anti-nutritional status of uninfested and prostephanus truncatus (horn) (coleptra: bostichidae) infested dried cassava chips
(Maxwell Scientific Organization, 2015-04) Popoola, K. O. K.; Opayele, A. V.; Nkpondion, N. N.
This research study focus on the determination of anti-nutritional content status of the uninfested and infested dried cassava chips by Prostephanus truncatus. Prostephanus truncatus, the larger grain borer, is an alien invasive post harvest pest; with wide spread population all over cassava growing regions. After an infestation period of 10 weeks in the laboratory, proximate analysis revealed increased values for only alkaloids content in the infested dried cassava chips, while all other contents, such as hydrogen cyanide, saponin, tannin, trypsin inhibitor, oxalates and phytate had reduced values when compared to the un-infested dried cassava chips which recorded less anti-nutritional contents.
Application of selected bioinsecticides in management of oryzaephilus surinamensis (coleoptera: Silvaridae) on phoenix dactylifera (date fruits)
(Marsland Press, 2013) Popoola, K. O. K.
The boinsecticidal potency of three botanicals, namely: Allium sativum (Garlic), Allium cepa (Onion) and Capsicum annum (Red pepper) were tested on Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Saw- toothed grain beetle) infested with Phoenix dactylifera (Date fruits) at exposure periods of three weeks and six weeks in the Department of Zoology, Entomology Laboratory. The boinsecticides used were in powdered and whole forms at three different concentrations of 1.25g, 2.50g and 5.00g. Potency was determined through, fecundity, emergence and mortality rate of the pest under study. At three and six weeks of exposure, mortality between 5.00g concentration of garlic and the control, onion and control were significantly different at p<.05. Application of whole red pepper as boinsecticide was more potent than powdered form, which was significantly different at p<.05. From the study it may be deduced that the tree botanicals have insecticidal potentials which reduced in potency with increase in time and that garlic was more potent than the onion and red pepper.
Composition and abundance of arthropod biodiversity in Aba-Eku and Apete dumpsites, Ibadan, Nigeria
(Federal College of Education, Abeokuta, 2013-05) Amusata, I.; Popoola, K. O. K.
Species composition, abundance and diversity of arthropods in Apete, Aba-Eku dumpsites and control site were examined. Materials used for the collection of sample was pitfall i.e arthropod trap. The pitfall was made of tin of 250g size and was placed in each site with (one third volume level) of 5% formalin inside in order to trap and preserve the arthropods collected from the site. Pitfalls were implanted in each site so as to have adequate representation of the arthropods. Each specimen bottle contains 70% alcohol for preservation of the arthropods harvested before identification. The specimen collected were taken to the laboratory for analysis and identification. Data collected were subjected to statistical analysis, means and percentages were used to determine the values of arthropod. Richness, diversity and abundance were measured by using margalefs specie richness index (D), Shannonweiners diversity index (H) and eveness index (E). A total of 4,763 arthropod were recorded belonging to 17arthropod orders. The higher percentage abundance of dipterans (Musca domestica ) indicated that organic waste materials being deposited on the dumpsites supported the breeding of the houseflies. The results showed that relative humidity and temperature have a greater effect on the abundance of arthropods. The distinct taxa found in Apete and Aba-eku suggested that the organic input from residential areas around the dumpsites has positive effect on the arthropod abundance.
Composition, abundance and diversity of macro-benthic fauna and aquatic insects of Erelu reservoiur and its physical properties
(Oyo State College of Agriculture and Technology, 2015-06) Amusata, A. I.; Popoola, K. O. K.; Adedokun, M. A.; Rafiu, R. A.
Erelu Reservoir was studied between July 2012 and June 2013, to assess the composition, abundance and diversity of macro-benthic fauna, aquatic insects and its physical parameters. The water, benthic and aquatic insects were collected once every month from three stations. Highest mean value of transparency was 94.42± 5.49cm, Temperature 29.08 ± 0.38°C and Hydrogen ion concentration (PH) 7.27 ± O.l5mg/1. The range for transparency was (70-130)cm, (6.40-7.8) Mg/l for pH and (26-32°C) for temperature. Seven families of benthic macro-fauna; Ampullaridae, Viviparidae, Chironomidae, Lymneaidae, Planorbidae, Thiaridae and Margaritiferidae as well as eight families of aquatic insects; Gyrinidae, Notonectidae, Gerridae,Veliidae, Nepidae, Aeshnidae, Coenagrionidae and Libellulidae were recorded. A total number of 4,632 benthic individuals and 8,648 insects were recorded. Melanoides tuberculata dominated the benthic fauna with a total relative abundance of 90.71% while Planorbidae (Biomphalaria pfeifferi) were the least abundant (0.11 %) by number in the reservoir. Notonectidae (Notonecta sp.) dominated the aquatic insects with abundance of 92.43% while Nepidae (Lacotrephes japonensis) was the least abundant, (0.01 %). Margalef's index (H) in stations 1-3 was (0.60-1.14), Shannon Index (D)was (0.23-0.60), Evenness (E) was (0.41-0.90) for the benthic fauna while H= (0.35-0.50), D= (0.21-0.87) and E= (0.50-2.60) for the aquatic insects. The Margalef's index recorded across the stations for both benthic and aquatic insects showed that the reservoir was moderately polluted.
Does the spillage of petroleum products in anopheles breeding sites have an impact on the pyrethroid resistance?
(BioMed Central, 2007-12) Djouaka, R. F.; Bakare, A. A.; Bankole, H. S.; Doannio, J.M.C.; Coulibaly, O. N.; Kossou, H.; Tamo, M.; Basene, H. I.; Popoola, K. O. K.; Akogbeto, M. C.
Background: The emergence of Anopheles populations capable of withstanding lethal doses of insecticides has weakened the efficacy of most insecticide based strategies of vector control and, has highlighted the need for further studies on the mechanisms of insecticide resistance and the various factors selecting resistant populations of mosquitoes. This research targeted the analysis of breeding sites and the oviposition behaviour of susceptible and resistant populations of Anopheles in localities of spilled petroleum products. The aim was to establish the possible contribution of oil spillage in the selection of pyrethroid resistance in malaria vectors. Methods: Anopheles breeding sites were identified and the insecticide susceptibility of the Anopheles gambiae populations mapped in 15 localities of South Western Nigeria. The presence of oil particles as well as the turbidity, the dissolved oxygen and the pH of each identified breeding site was recorded. Data were cross-analysed to correlate the habitat types and the insecticide susceptibility status of emerging mosquitoes. The second phase of this study was basically a laboratory model to provide more information on the implication of the spillage of petroleum on the selection of pyrethroid resistance in An. gambiae. Results: Moderate levels of resistance following exposure to permethrin-impregnated papers were recorded with the majority of An. gambiae samples collected in the South Western Nigeria. Data from this study established a link between the constituency of the breeding sites and the resistance status of the emerging Anopheles. Conclusion: This study has revealed the segregational occupation of breeding habitats by pyrethroid resistant and susceptible strains of An. gambiae in south-western Nigeria. Compiled results from field and laboratory research point out clear relationships between oil spillage and pyrethroid resistance in malaria vectors. The identification of this factor of resistance could serve as strong information in the management of insecticide resistance in some West African settings.
Effects of short term laboratory infestation of dried cassava variety TME-7 by prostephanus truncatus (horn) (coleoptera: bostrichidae)
(2009) Popoola, K. O. K.
Researches have shown that dried cassava varieties are relatively susceptible to Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) infestation. Laboratory studies were conducted to determine weight loss and nutritional status of dried cassava chips (TME-7) and P. truncatus emergence rate over an infestation period of 8 weeks. TME-7 mean weight loss (±SD) rose to 11.30% ± 4.01 (22.67%) with P. truncatus mean emergence rate (± SD) of 18.50 ± 8.25; 16.33 ± 6.85 and 9.93 ± 3.30 for larvae, pupae and adults respectively. Nutrition proximate analysis conducted on infested TME-7 revealed the dried cassava nutritional status as follows: protein content was 1.30%; fat content recorded was 0.99%, while moisture content was put at 5.50%. Other parameters analyzed were ash content which was 1.81%, and lastly, crude fiber and carbohydrate was 29.03%. The dried cassava variety supports P. truncatus breeding, with appreciable damage to the crop. Breeding and damage have been implicated in the reduction of nutritional and market values of the dried cassava.
Effects of soil properties on arthropod biodiversity in dumpsites in Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria
(2015) Popoola, K. O. K.; Amusat, A. I.
The impact of soil properties, temperature and relative humidity on arthropod species composition, abundance and diversity was investigated in Apete and Aba-eku dumpsites and in a control site in Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria. Ten 250g size pitfalls one third filled with 5% formalin were placed in each point in order to trap and preserve the arthropods. The arthropods trapped in each pitfall were preserved in separate specimen bottle containing 70% ethanol before identification. A total of 20 soil samples were collected from the sites using Auger and analyzed for particle size distribution, bulk density, moisture content, water holding capacity, porosity, organic matter, pH, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, potassium, calcium in (mol/kg-1) and available iron and zinc in mg/kg-1. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan’s multiple range test (DMRT) were conducted to compare the mean values of the soil properties and arthropods abundance. A total of 4,763 arthropods were recorded belonging to 17 orders. Twenty six families of arthropods containing 31 species were recorded in Aba-Eku, while 24 families with 24 species were encountered in Apete and 19 families with 21 species were recorded for the control site. Soil parameters examined showed significant difference (p>0.05) across the three sites. The high percentage abundance of Dipterans (Musca domestica) and heavy metal recorded, Zinc and Iron indicates that the environments were polluted. Pearson correlation coefficient (r) showed negative correlation for the relative humidity and temperature to the arthropods abundance. The distinct taxa found in Apete and Aba-eku suggest that the organic input from residential areas around the dump sites favoured their abundance.
Evaluation of infestation and damage the larger grain borer (Prostephanus truncatus) (horn) (Coleoptera: bostrichidae) on selected food grain crops
(FUNAAB, 2012) Osipitan, A.A.; Omotola, M.; Popoola, K. O. K.
The study evaluated the ability of the larger grain borer (LGB), Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) to infest and damage two varieties of sorghum (Sorghum bicolour), Sesame (Sesamum indicum) Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and maize (Zea mays). 100 g each of the grain products were infested with 5 pairs (5 males and 5 females) of 1-10 day old LGB for 90 days. At 90 days post-infestation of the crops, the insects and grain dust generated by the feeding activities of the insects were sieved out of the grains; the grains were separated into damaged and undamaged and data were taken on number of adult P. truncatus, number of larvae and pupae, number of larvae and pupae, number of adult mortality, weight of dust (g), weight of damaged grains (g), weight of undamaged grains (g) and final weight of grains (g). The results showed that all the 5 pairs of adult LGB introduced into the cowpea and sesame varieties died. Likewise, neither larvae nor pupae were found in the two grain products. The highest mean number of larvae and pupae (18.5) was recorded in the Suwan-1 maize variety, and it was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than the mean number found in the other grain products studied. The mean number of larvae (7.25) in Solo maize variety was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than the mean larvae number of 4.25 and 2.50 in Eyinfun and Ex-Minna sorghum varieties respectively. Significantly (P < 0.05) higher percentage grain damage (49.76) and percentage weight loss (12.89) were recorded in the Solo maize variety compared to percentage grain damage and percentage weight loss in other grain products. Likewise, the grain damage (23.06 %) and weight loss (8.04 %) in the Ex-Minna sorghum variety were significantly < 0.05) higher than percentage grain damage and percentage weight loss obtained in other grain products except Solo maize. A significantly (P < 0.05) lower grain damage (1.35 %) and grain weight loss (1.43 %) were obtained in the NICRIBEN and E8 sesame varieties respectively. The result of this study indicates the ability of LGB to bore and damage sorghum, maize, sesame and cowpea; with breeding restricted only to maize and sorghum. There were varietal differences in response of the grain products to LGB infestation and damage. Considering the importance of sorghum, maize, sesame and cowpea as a cheap source of carbohydrate and protein; concerted effort should be geared at controlling infestation of the grain products by LGB.
Evaluation of radiation emissions, physico-chemical parameters and insect fauna around the environment of National Institute of Radiation Protection and Research (NIRPR), Ibadan, Nigeria
(Maxwell Scientific Organization, 2013-06) Popoola, K. O. K.; Ibrahim, K. T.; Jibiri, N. N.; Oricha, A. K.; Badmus, H. A.
Radiation emissions from the University of Ibadan National Institute of Radiation Protection and Research (NIRPR), physico-chemical properties measurement and insect’s fauna collection around the surrounding of the Institute were conducted for a period of six months (November, 2011-April, 2012). Radiation survey meter model (RDS-30) type was used to take readings along the immediate surroundings of the NIRPR surroundings. Soil samples were collected at five points in the study site at a distance of 50 m from the Institute and the football pitch with a distance of 250 m away from the Institute as control site. Heavy metals (Fe, Cu, Zn, Cr, and Pb) were analysed using MiniPal 4 energy-dispersive X-Ray fluorescence (EDXRF) bench top spectrometer. Pit falls and sweep net were used in collection of crawling and flying insects respectively, some other arthropods were also collected. Results showed that radiation emission values of 0.012-0.016 μSv/hr was recorded, which was higher than the control site with reading of 0.009 μSv/hr. Heavy metal readings showed that iron (Fe) was higher at the sites than other metals. Correlation between chromium and lead was high (0.797) at (p<0.01). Diversity indices (Margalef, Shannon Wiener and Evenness respectively) for control site (3.56, 0.54, and 0.52) were higher than at the study site (2.62, 0.15 and 0.17). There was no correlation between arthropods abundance and radiation. This result therefore suggests that radiation could not be implicated in abundance and distribution of these arthropods.
Hermetic control treatment of P. truncatus (horn) (coleptera: bostrichidae) infestation on stored dried cassava chips in poly then bags
(Maxwell Scientific Organization, 2011) Popoola, K. O. K.
The focus of this research work was on the hermetic control treatment against Prostephanus truncatus Horn, 1878 infestation on dried cassava chips, over an infestation period of 10 weeks in the store. The experimental set-up was done in three hermetic treatments, this include, single bag, double bags and triple bags treatment. Each treatment was replicated 15 times. The used bags were made up of polythene material, with 0.056 mm thickness and 360 mm x 600 mm in dimension. The bags were made air tight by fasten the opening with twine. Each set - up contained 20 kg of dried cassava chips and 30 adults P.truncatus. These were stored in the laboratory. At the end of the storage period, P. truncatus rate of emergence and weight loss in dried cassava chips decreased with increase in the treatment bag layers. Furthermore, mortality rate in P. truncatus decreased with increased treatment bags layers. The use of polythen bag hermetic treatment technique converse protection on stored dried cassava chips. However, triple bags layers treatment was the most effective for P. truncatus control.
Insect and fungal pests of some mushrooms collected from university of Ibadan, Nigeria campus
(Marsland Press, 2012) Jonathan, S. G.; Popoola, K. O. K.; Olawuyi, O. J.; Ajiboye, M.; Oyelakan, A. O
Ten mushrooms species collected within the premises of University of Ibadan were examined for infestation of various insect and fungal pests .Insects belonging to the orders; Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Diptera, and Collembolla were encountered both at the larval and adult stages of life on the collected mushroom samples. Infestation by the order Coleoptera (adult beetle) on Pleurotus squar-rosulus was found to be higher in incidence, with a total number of 17 species which were found at the adult stage of life; but the larva stage were found on Lycoperdon gigantum . Fungal species identified to be Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus terreus, Fusarium redolens, Trichoderma viride, Rhizopus stolonifer and Mucor piriformis were found to be associated with several species of mushrooms.
Insecticidal effects of four plants extract against prostephanus truncatus (horn) (coleoptera: bostrichidae) in infested dried cassava chips
(Maxwell Scientific Organization, 2011-11) Popoola, K. O. K.; Hassan, A. T.
The biological activity of Azardiractita indica (neem leaves), Tetrapleura tetraptera (seeds), Piper guinensee (alligator pepper seeds) and Xylopia aethiopica (black pepper seeds) extracts surface treatment applied at two different concentrations to dried cassava chips (Esculenta manihot) against Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) to determine infestation rate via mortality and emergence of the pest and weight loss in the dried cassava chips were conducted. The Bio assay was conducted under temperature and relative humidity of 27±2 and 65±5%, respectively within an investigation period of 28 days. Out of the four plants extract A. indica has the best insecticidal properties, this was followed by P. guinensee, T. tetraptera and X. aethiopica in a descending order of efficacy.
Morphometrics of macrotermes bellicosus (African mound termite) (blattodea: termitidae) and the impact of its saliva amylase on the strength of termitarium soil
(2012) Popoola, K. O. K.; Opayele, A. V.
The aim of this study was to investigate the morphology of Macrotermes bellicosus present on some parts of the University of Ibadan and to determine the effect of the saliva of termites on the strength of termitarium. Termites were collected from 8 termitaria on Parry Road, University of Ibadan and characteristics morphometrics were measured using stage graticules (10mm) on Microscope. Amylase analysis was conducted to determine the activity of the saliva content in the termitarium soil using Phadebas® α-amylase test method. Bricks were molded from the termitarium soil while pressure gauge was used to measure the strength via cracking of molded brick from the soil. The studies revealed that the length of head capsule for workers ranged from 0.16mm to 0.24mm, while those of soldiers ranged from 0.42mm to 0.68mm. The body length of workers ranges from 0.5mm to 0.7mm and that of soldiers ranged from 1.1mm to 1.4mm this confirmed that the soldiers were bigger. The amylase analysis showed that termitarium soil contained α-amylase while it was undetected in the control soil. The α-amylase activities for the termitarium soil was 41 unit per liter, 47 unit per liter and 56 unit per liter at dilutions 10-1M, 10-2M and 10-3M respectively. The bricks molded from the termitarium soil and the control soil all cracked at a pressure less than 1MPa; however bricks molded from clayey and mature termitarium showed higher strength of materials. It may be concluded that the modification of the termitarium soil’s physical properties and the selection of clay particles during construction activities by termites had more contribution to strength than the presence of α-amylase in the termitarium soil.
Morphometries and aspects of bio-ecology of ephestia cautella (lepidoptera: pyralidae) on stored date fruit (phoenix Dactylifera) and hermetic control technique
(Faculty of Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, 2011) Popoola, K. O. K.; Braimah, J. A.
Rate of fecundity, life cycle, morphometic characteristics of Ephestia cautella and control were investigated. These were done on sterilized dried date (Phoenix dactylifera) as substrate. Mean daily fecundity of 17 eggs was recorded, while a total of 1117 eggs were laid by 15 adults female E.cautella within 6 days of oviposition in perforated date. In another separate setup the life cycle from egg to adult took 37 ± 1.92 days, under a temperature and relative humidity of 32.5 ± 1 °C and 70 ± 5% respectively. First filial generation (F1) of 1, 217 adults emerged after 30 days of culture using two pairs of E.cautella, from this Fl, 54.7% and 45.3%, were males and females respectively. The morphometric characteristics of E.cautella revealed that female and male adult mean total body length ranges between 8.2 - 10.00mm and 7.9 - 8.9 mm respectively. The control set up on larval stage using varied poly then bag layers of three, two, and one layer with thickness of 0.056mm confirmed that three bags layers was the best treatment. Recorded percentage mortality values of 74.20%, 19.36% and 0.26% were obtained respectively from the set up.
Morphometries and aspects of bio-ecology of ephestia cautella (lepidoptera: pyralidae) on stored date fruit (phoenix Dactylifera) and hermetic control technique2
(Faculty of Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, 2011) Popoola, K. O. K.; Braimah, J. A.
Rate of fecundity, life cycle, morphometic characteristics of Ephestia cautella and control were investigated. These were done on sterilized dried date (Phoenix dactylifera) as substrate. Mean daily fecundity of 17 eggs was recorded, while a total of 1117 eggs were laid by 15 adults female E.cautella within 6 days of oviposition in perforated date. In another separate setup the life cycle from egg to adult took 37 ± 1.92 days, under a temperature and relative humidity of 32.5 ± 1 °C and 70 ± 5% respectively. First filial generation (F1) of 1, 217 adults emerged after 30 days of culture using two pairs of E.cautella, from this Fl, 54.7% and 45.3%, were males and females respectively. The morphometric characteristics of E.cautella revealed that female and male adult mean total body length ranges between 8.2 - 10.00mm and 7.9 - 8.9 mm respectively. The control set up on larval stage using varied poly then bag layers of three, two, and one layer with thickness of 0.056mm confirmed that three bags layers was the best treatment. Recorded percentage mortality values of 74.20%, 19.36% and 0.26% were obtained respectively from the set up.
Oil palm inflorescence (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) ash and pirimiphos-methyl dust application for control of Oryzaephilus surinamensis infestation on stored date palm fruit (Phoenix dactylifera)
(Taylor & Francis, 2013-12) Popoola, K. O. K.; Adenuga, T.
The efficacies of male oil palm inflorescence ash (OPIA) and pirimiphos-methyl dust (PMD) were assessed for possible control of Oryzaephilus surinamensis infestation of the date palm fruit Phoenix dactylifera. Male OPIA at concentrations of 0.625 g/25 g of fruit and 1.25 g/25 g as well as PMD at the prescribed dosage of 0.0125 g/25 g were tested on pristine and simulated dates using four replicates per treatment for exposure periods of 5 and 10 weeks. Efficacy was measured on the rate of mortality and emergence of O. surinamensis at various development stages. Results showed increased larval and adult mortality on both pristine and simulated dates and decreased larval and adult emergence of the pest exposed to 1.25 g of OPIA. Five days exposure to PMD recorded a significantly high mean mortality of adult O. surinamensis and no emergence. The authors concluded that exposure to OPIA at the concentration of 1.25 g/25 g for five weeks could be used in possible control of O. surinamensis infestation of palm date fruit with mechanical damages during storage.
Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) ability to breed and damage potential on cassava dried chips
(Klobex Academic Publishers, 2001-12) Hassan, A. T.; Popoola, K. O. K.
Stored dried cassava chips are known to become heavily damaged by Prostephanus truncatus (Hum). A laboratory study was undertaken to determine the extent of losses that this insect pest could cause on TME 30572, the mean weight loss (±SD) rose to 36.93 ± 24.43% over the period of 112 days compared with 63.2 ± 3.37% for TME 1, under the same period and experimental condition, At each time interval of 28 days during which the cassava dried chips were examined, the weight loss in both varieties was on the increase, except, the 112 days where their was a drop in the weight loss in TME 30275 variety which was statistically significantly (t=0.033, P<0.05). Percentage mortality rate rose from 0% to 10.6% in TME 30572 larval, while zero mortality was recorded for TMEI larval. On the other hand, percentage mortality was on the increase in emergent adults for both cassava varieties. The highest percentage mortality in TME1 emergent adult was inflicted in TME1. However, storing TME 30572 rather than TME1 will not solve the problem of infestation and damage by P. truncatus because considerable damage is been inflicted on TME 30572. The experiment was conducted under ambient temperature of 30.3 ± 3.7°C and relative humidity of 84.7 ± 2.0% in the laboratory.
Repellent action of neem (azadirachta indica) seed oil cream against anopheles gambiae mosquitoes
(2009-04) Aremu, O. I.; Femi-Oyewo, M. N.; Popoola, K. O. K.
This paper conducted an evaluation of repellent effect of neem seed oil formulated in a vanishing type cream base against Anopheles gambiae mosquito under laboratory conditions using human volunteers. The seed oil was extracted and then prepared in five different concentrations of 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0% w/w respectively in a vanishing cream base. A commercially available repellent Deet was used as control. The result shows that concentrations 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0% w/w and Deet (control) all repelled night-biting Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes at three consecutive 10mins interval for every 5-min exposure time. The duration of protection of various concentrations of neem seed oil cream and control (Deet) was of the order 10.0% > Deet> 7.5%> 5.0% >2.5%.The present study demonstrates potential of neem seed oil cream as mosquito repellent particularly at higher concentrations of 7.5 and 10.0%w/w respectively. This finding may lead to new and more effective strategies for protection from and control of mosquitoes.
Safe guarding date palm from oryzaephilus surinamensis infestation through oil palm inflorescence ash and hermetic storage technique treatments and the combination of both treatments
(2013) Popoola, K. O. K.; Adenuga, T.
Possible control of Oryzaephilus surinamensis infestation on date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) using oil palm inflorescence ash and hermetic storage technique combined with Oil Palm Inflorescence Ash (OPIA) treatment were conducted in the Entomology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria. Relative efficacy of oil palm inflorescence ash at 0.625 g /25 g and 1.25 g /25 g and 3 bags layer hermetic storage technique combined with oil palm inflorescence ash 0.625 g/25 g and 1.25g/25 g were tested on pristine and simulated date. The experiments were laid out in a completely randomized design and each treatment replicated four times for 5 and 10 weeks exposure periods. Result showed that oil palm inflorescence ash recorded adult mortality of (10.00±0.00)and (9.00±0.41) at 1.25 g, while (8.00±1.68) and (7.00±0.71) were recorded at 0.625 g after five weeks of exposure on both pristine and simulated date respectively. At 1.25 g concentration, reductions in larval and adult emergence were recorded. Combination of 3 bags layer hermetic storage technique with oil palm inflorescence ash treatment was highly effective with higher adult mortality, lower larval and adult emergence. Combined treatment of oil palm inflorescence ash and hermetic storage technique was found to have significant difference when compared to only oil palm inflorescence ash treatment at p<0.05, ANOV A. It is evident from this study that it may be necessary to combine hermetic storage technique with oil palm inflorescence ash to achieve a more effective control on dried date palm against O. surinamensis infestation during storage for a storage period often weeks.