scholarly works
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Item Benefits of early audiological intervention to inclusion of children with hearing impairment(2013) Oyebola, M.; Isaiah, O. O.It has been established by scholars that hearing loss can be detected from as early as prenatal stage of life. This is an aspect of early intervention services for children from age 0 - 3 years. Children whose hearing losses are attended to early enough are velop faster in terms of speech, hearing and language. This paper addressed the concept of early audiological intervention and inclusion of children with hearing impairment, benefits of early audiological intervention to children with hearing impairment, roles of audiologists and key components of early audiological intervention. Recommendations were made based on the submission of the authors.Item Effects of injectable aminoglycosides on the auditory performance of individuals with drug resistant tuberculosis in Osun State, Nigeria(SciTechnol, 2018-02) Osisanya, A.; Adekola, A.; Fada, P. O.Ototoxicity caused by injectable aminoglycosides are capable of causing cochleotoxicity which is characterised as death of auditory hair cells (hearing loss) and vestibuiotoxicity manifesting as balance disorders. Ototoxicity is always as a result of insidious effects of aminoglycosides on auditory system, with a kind of irreversible (permanent) hearing loss which is common among individuals being treated for Drug Resistant Tuberculosis (DRTB). Therefore, this study examined the effect of injectable aminoglycosides on the auditory performance of patients with DRTB in Osun state. Twenty (20) DRTB patients comprising of 14 males and 6 females were purposively selected to participate in this ex post facto research. Instruments used include Otoscope to diagnose infection of the middle ear and outer parts of the ear, Maico ST 20 portable diagnostic audiometer to determine the hearing threshold of the participants, and audiograms to record the test results. Baseline audiometry revealed that 35% of the participants had mild hearing loss before commencement of treatment with injectable aminoglycosides, while 70% of the participants had severe to profound hearing loss after completion of injectable aminoglycosides. 65% of the participants had tinnitus in addition to hearing loss, while 55% had high frequency loss only. Therefore, health workers should ensure that people with DRTB are well educated about the side effects of injectable aminoglycosides and be encouraged to access audiologic follow up and rehabilitation, while alternative injectable drugs with reduced or milder side effects are employed for treatment of Drug Resistant Tuberculosis.Item Determination of prevalence, risk factors and patterns of hearing loss among the elderly with hypertension in Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria(Nigerian School Health Association, 2019-06) Okonkwo, P. E.; Osisanya, A.Reduced hearing sensitivity among the elderly has been attributed to some risk factors and influence of age-related degenerative conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer’s disease, bipolar disorder and hypertension. Hearing loss, especially the age-related type (presbycusis), has been reported as one of the global burdens affecting the general well-being and quality of life of the elderly with hypertension. Thus, hearing loss has been observed to be associated with hypertension and functional decline in elderly, as this condition makes them experience poor communication, fatigue, reduced social functions, mood -swing and withdrawal syndrome. Emerging research outcomes indicate a strong relationship between hypertension and reduced auditory performance among the elderly. Therefore, this study determined the prevalence, types and patterns of hearing loss associated with hypertension, in a bid to suggest comprehensive management strategies and a model of creating awareness towards promoting good healthy living among the elderly in Nigeria. One hundred and seventy two elderly, aged 65 - 85 with hypertension were purposively selected from patients undergoing treatment for hypertension in some tertiary hospitals in Ibadan, Nigeria for the study. Participants were subjected to Pure-Tone Audiometry (PTA) through the use of Maico 53 Diagnostic Audiometer to determine the degrees, types and patterns of hearing loss among the elderly with hypertension. Results showed that 148 (86.05%) elderly patients with hypertension presented with different degrees, types and patterns of hearing loss. Out of this number, 123 (83.1%) presented with bilateral hearing loss, while 25 (16.89%) had unilateral hearing loss. Degree of hearing loss, 74 moderate hearing loss, 118 moderately severe and 50 severe hearing loss. 36% of the hearing loss appeared as flat audiometric configuration, 24% were slopping, 19. 0 % were rising, while 21% were tough-shaped audiometric configurations. The findings showed high prevalence of hearing loss among the elderly with hypertension in Ibadan, Nigeria. Based on the findings, management of the elderly with hypertension should include regular audiological rehabilitation and total adherence to hearing conservation principles, otological management, regulation of blood pressure and adequate counselling and follow-up services.Item Predictive influence of intrapersonal and environmental factors on the psychosocial adjustment of adolescents with post-lingual hearing loss(Scholars Academic and Scientific Publishers, 2017) Nwogu, E. C.; Osisanya, A.; Nwogu, J. N.; Ogundiran, A. C.; Ogundiran, O.Adolescence is characterized by rapid physiological, psychological, and social development which presents considerable challenge when joined with the burden of acquired hearing loss. This study adopted a descriptive survey research design of expost-facto type. Three instruments; Nottingham Adjustment Scale, Hunter Opinions and Personal Expectations Scale and structured interview questionnaire were used to answer the three research questions raised. It focused on influence of intrapersonal and environmental factors on the psychosocial adjustment of adolescents with post- lingual hearing loss in Osun State. Data were analyzed using percentages, Pearson’s correlation and regression analysis. Psychosocial adjustment has a correlation with intrapersonal factors (r=0.44, p<0.05) and environmental factors (r=0.47, p<0.05). Intrapersonal and environmental factors showed significantly joint prediction of psychosocial adjustment of adolescents with post-lingual hearing loss. (F (2, 47) = 13.09; R = 0.60; R2 = 0.33; p<.05). Also, interpersonal factors (B=0.47; t = 3.17; p<.05) and environmental factors (B=0.44; t = 0.41; p<.05) revealed significantly independent prediction of psychosocial adjustment of adolescents with post-lingual hearing loss and environmental factors contributed more to the explained variation (fi = 0.41) than intrapersonal factors (B = 0.38). Understanding the process of adjusting to acquired hearing loss and the sequelae of such a loss should be the first step in developing and implementing appropriate intervention strategies to facilitate adaptation to the loss. Orientation should be given through different media available to educate the society about hearing loss, causes, prevention and management of people with hearing loss, as well as the ills of discriminating against those with hearing loss. Efforts must be made to improve the psychosocial adjustment of individuals with post-lingual hearing loss in this age group.Item Incidence and patterns of hearing loss associated with the consistent use of mobile telephone among adolescents in Ibadan, Nigeria(2017) Lawal, A. O.; Osisanya, A.There has been an increased incidence of hearing -related difficulty due to consistent use of mobile phones, particularly those with multiplicity of functions for continued calls and music playing functions. Thus, this study investigated the incidence and patterns of hearing loss associated with the consistent use of mobile telephone among adolescents in Ibadan Metropolis. The study adopted an ex-post facto research design, sampling 500 adolescents through the use of Hearing and Mobile Telephony Questionnaire (HMTQ). Frequency counts and percentage were employed to answer the three (3) research questions raised. The findings revealed that 84.6% were without hearing loss as against 15.4% of the participants who presented with different degrees and patterns of hearing loss. Forty two (54.55%) were males, while 35(45.45%) were the female participants who presented with hearing loss. 423 participants claimed having normal hearing ability even with the consistent use of mobile phone, while 43 of the participants presented with low-frequency hearing loss at left ear, and 46participants were found with high-frequency hearing loss at the right ear. Further, it was established that people should be enlightened on the dangers of consistent use of mobile telephone to hearing. Therefore,, it is recommended that mobile phone should not be used for a long period of time, even when used for calls, and leisure such as music playing functions. The youths should be dissuaded from continued use of ear-piece during leisure. Also, adolescents should go for hearing assessment on a regular basis so as to detect early any changes along their auditory performanceItem Prevalence and patterns of hearing loss among the elderly with cigarette smoking and alcohol experience(2016-12) Osisanya, A.; Akinyode, G. A.Hearing loss is a very common disabling condition among the elderly, as it is estimated that approximately one-third of persons above 60 years have hearing loss across the globe, some of which are due to social habits such as cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking. Thus, this study investigated the prevalence, types, and patterns of hearing loss among the elderly with smoking and alcohol experience in Ibadan metropolis. 100 elderly (M= 78; F-22), aged 65 - 70 years purposively selected participated in the study. The pure-tone audiometry determined the types and patterns of hearing loss of the participants, and the structured questionnaire determined their smoking and alcohol experience. Hearing loss was found prevalent among the elderly with smoking and alcohol experience (85%), mixed hearing loss was the predominant type (74%), while sloping pattern of hearing loss (72%) was found predominant among the participants. Males (67) had more cases of hearing loss than the females (18). Therefore, there should be a thorough awareness campaign towards educating the general populace about the implications of indulging in negative social habits such as cigarette smoking and alcohol taking.Item Patterns of hearing loss associated with bomb blasts(Speech Pathologists and Audiologists Association in Nigeria, 2013) Osisanya, A.; Ojetoyinbo, A. A.Bomb blast injuries are becoming an everyday scenario in Nigeria due to ever increasing act of terrorism. Such injuries in addition to affecting the functional living of the individual, is also accompanied with different patterns, nature, severity and types of hearing loss. The auditory mechanisms are usually affected as many victims of bomb blasts never get to use the hearing mechanism for adequate functional and communicative purposes. Against this background, a descriptive research design was conducted to investigate the patterns of hearing loss associated with bomb blasts. 45 victims of bomb blasts were assessed with the use of otoscopy, pure- tone audiometry (PTA) and tympanometry to ascertain their hearing thresholds and extent of hearing disability. The results showed that different patterns of abnormal audiogrammes and tympanogrammes of bomb blast ear injuries were evident among the participants, as there were more adverse effects of the explosion than could be imagined. Therefore, to every bomb blast, victims should consult audiologists for appropriate audiological rehabilitation and follow-up services; as hearing impairment from bomb explosions may have a lasting impact.Item Psychosocial effects of tinnitus on the elderly individuals with normal hearing abilities in Ibadan, Oyo State Nigeria(2013) Osisanya, A. A.; Abiola, O. E.The study sampled 130 elderly listeners comprising 68 males and 72 females, aged between 65 and 74 years and resident in both urban and rural areas of Ibadan metropolis as the participants for the study under a descriptive research design of the ex post facto type. A standardized Tinnitus Research Questionnaire (TRQ) consisting of twenty items with a reliability coefficient of 0.90 was the instrument used for data collection to answer the three research questions and four hypotheses. The data collected based on the research questions were analysed with the use of mean and chi- square, while Pearson's chi- squared test and Independent t- test were used to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. It was discovered that due to tinnitus, majority of the participants experienced concentration difficulty and despair. Majority of them also felt frustrated and manifested some kinds of abnormal behaviour due to tinnitus. However, there was no significant difference between psycho- social reactions of elderly listeners sampled in rural and urban areas. Based on these findings, it was recommended that elderly individuals should avoid exposure to noise, emotional stress, worry and unprescribed drugs; and should be encouraged to go for audiological tests at regular intervals.Item Noise Exposure, Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension as Predictors of Hearing Loss among Elderly Patients in Selected Teaching Hospitals in South - West, Nigeria(2012) Ogundiran, O.Hearing loss due to advancement in age is a phenomenon which is universally accepted as one of the challenges of old age. In spite of this fact, there is a paucity of studies on predictors and patterns of hearing loss which should serve as essential basis for developing preventive measures and strategies to reduce or eliminate the causes of hearing loss among the elderly. This study, therefore, investigated noise exposure, diabetes mellitus and hypertension as predictors of hearing loss among the elderly patients in six teaching hospitals in South-West, Nigeria. The study utilized a descriptive survey design of the expost-facto type. Purposive sampling technique was used in selecting the health institutions and 469 elderly patients with hearing loss aged 65years and above were used as participants of the study. Data were collected through audiometers, audiograms, sound pressure level meter and case notes. Three research questions were answered and four hypotheses tested at the 0.05 level of significance. Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis. The patients possessed bilateral (92.5%), sensorineural (right ear: 65.7%; left ear: 64%), moderately-severe (right ear: 25.4%; left ear: 25.4%) and sloping (right ear: 57.1%; left ear: 54.6%) pattern of hearing loss. Noise exposure, diabetes mellitus and hypertension correlated positively with right ear hearing loss (R = 0.56; F(3, 465) = 72.05) and explained 32% of the variance in the dependent variable. The three factors also correlated positvely with left ear hearing loss (R = 0.50; F(3, 465) = 51.71) explaining 25% of the variance in the dependent variable. The contributions of the independent variables to right ear hearing loss are in the following order: noise exposure (β=0.41), diabetes mellitus (β= 0.23) and hypertension (β=0.11). For left ear hearing loss, the order is: noise exposure (β=0.36), diabetes mellitus (β= 0.27) and hypertension (β=0.02). Furthermore, noise exposure (B=18.11; t=10.33; p<0.05), diabetes mellitus (B=11.40; t=5.52; p<0.05) and hypertension (B=4.71; t=2.65; p<0.05) could predict right ear hearing loss. On the other hand, only two of the factors: noise exposure (B=15.28; t=8.56; p<0.05) and diabetes mellitus (B=13.07; t=6.21; p<0.05) could predict left ear hearing loss. History of noise exposure, diabetes mellitus and hypertension predispose elderly people to loss of hearing. Therefore, noise should be abated at the source through sound barriers, sound diffusers and sound enclosures. Personal ear protectors such as earmuffs and earplugs should be worn by people in noisy environments. In addition, lifestyle modification and routine medical checkup are advocated for the elderly patients with diabetes mellitus and hypertension.