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Item Audiological tinnitus management: an essential audiological protocol for elderly patients with comorbidity of hypertension and tinnitus(IntechOpen, London, United Kingdom, 2019) Osisanya, A.Elderly population with comorbidity of hypertension and tinnitus is increasing across the world, and the dilemma in the management of such elderly patients across the neurology and audiology/otology clinics seems enormous due to the attendant effects of such health-related comorbid conditions and ageing. This has been observed to have negative effect on the general well-being of quite a number of the elderly patients identified with the comorbid health conditions. It has also increased the tinnitus severity and related psychosocial reactions of the elderly patients. Worse still, the situation causes undulating increase in the prevalence of the comorbid condition of advanced age both male and female irrespective of cultural differences. Due to the aforementioned, this chapter is written with the aim of highlighting the efficacy of audiological tinnitus management options considered essential in the rehabilitation of individuals with comorbidity of hypertension and tinnitus. The chapter also discusses the benefits of combined therapies in rehabilitating elderly patients with comorbidity of hypertension and tinnitus and concluded with some useful recommendations for effective management of the comorbid condition.Item Audiological tinnitus management: an essential audiological protocol for elderly patients with comorbidity of hypertension and tinnitus(IntechOpen, London, United Kingdom, 2019) Osisanya, A.Elderly population with comorbidity of hypertension and tinnitus is increasing across the world, and the dilemma in the management of such elderly patients across the neurology and audiology/otology clinics seems enormous due to the attendant effects of such health-related comorbid conditions and ageing. This has been observed to have negative effect on the general well-being of quite a number of the elderly patients identified with the comorbid health conditions. It has also increased the tinnitus severity and related psychosocial reactions of the elderly patients. Worse still, the situation causes undulating increase in the prevalence of the comorbid condition of advanced age both male and female irrespective of cultural differences. Due to the aforementioned, this chapter is written with the aim of highlighting the efficacy of audiological tinnitus management options considered essential in the rehabilitation of individuals with comorbidity of hypertension and tinnitus. The chapter also discusses the benefits of combined therapies in rehabilitating elderly patients with comorbidity of hypertension and tinnitus and concluded with some useful recommendations for effective management of the comorbid condition.Item Determination of prevalence, risk factors and patterns of hearing loss among the elderly with hypertension in Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria(Nigerian School Health Association, 2019-06) Okonkwo, P. E.; Osisanya, A.Reduced hearing sensitivity among the elderly has been attributed to some risk factors and influence of age-related degenerative conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer’s disease, bipolar disorder and hypertension. Hearing loss, especially the age-related type (presbycusis), has been reported as one of the global burdens affecting the general well-being and quality of life of the elderly with hypertension. Thus, hearing loss has been observed to be associated with hypertension and functional decline in elderly, as this condition makes them experience poor communication, fatigue, reduced social functions, mood -swing and withdrawal syndrome. Emerging research outcomes indicate a strong relationship between hypertension and reduced auditory performance among the elderly. Therefore, this study determined the prevalence, types and patterns of hearing loss associated with hypertension, in a bid to suggest comprehensive management strategies and a model of creating awareness towards promoting good healthy living among the elderly in Nigeria. One hundred and seventy two elderly, aged 65 - 85 with hypertension were purposively selected from patients undergoing treatment for hypertension in some tertiary hospitals in Ibadan, Nigeria for the study. Participants were subjected to Pure-Tone Audiometry (PTA) through the use of Maico 53 Diagnostic Audiometer to determine the degrees, types and patterns of hearing loss among the elderly with hypertension. Results showed that 148 (86.05%) elderly patients with hypertension presented with different degrees, types and patterns of hearing loss. Out of this number, 123 (83.1%) presented with bilateral hearing loss, while 25 (16.89%) had unilateral hearing loss. Degree of hearing loss, 74 moderate hearing loss, 118 moderately severe and 50 severe hearing loss. 36% of the hearing loss appeared as flat audiometric configuration, 24% were slopping, 19. 0 % were rising, while 21% were tough-shaped audiometric configurations. The findings showed high prevalence of hearing loss among the elderly with hypertension in Ibadan, Nigeria. Based on the findings, management of the elderly with hypertension should include regular audiological rehabilitation and total adherence to hearing conservation principles, otological management, regulation of blood pressure and adequate counselling and follow-up services.Item Noise Exposure, Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension as Predictors of Hearing Loss among Elderly Patients in Selected Teaching Hospitals in South - West, Nigeria(2012) Ogundiran, O.Hearing loss due to advancement in age is a phenomenon which is universally accepted as one of the challenges of old age. In spite of this fact, there is a paucity of studies on predictors and patterns of hearing loss which should serve as essential basis for developing preventive measures and strategies to reduce or eliminate the causes of hearing loss among the elderly. This study, therefore, investigated noise exposure, diabetes mellitus and hypertension as predictors of hearing loss among the elderly patients in six teaching hospitals in South-West, Nigeria. The study utilized a descriptive survey design of the expost-facto type. Purposive sampling technique was used in selecting the health institutions and 469 elderly patients with hearing loss aged 65years and above were used as participants of the study. Data were collected through audiometers, audiograms, sound pressure level meter and case notes. Three research questions were answered and four hypotheses tested at the 0.05 level of significance. Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis. The patients possessed bilateral (92.5%), sensorineural (right ear: 65.7%; left ear: 64%), moderately-severe (right ear: 25.4%; left ear: 25.4%) and sloping (right ear: 57.1%; left ear: 54.6%) pattern of hearing loss. Noise exposure, diabetes mellitus and hypertension correlated positively with right ear hearing loss (R = 0.56; F(3, 465) = 72.05) and explained 32% of the variance in the dependent variable. The three factors also correlated positvely with left ear hearing loss (R = 0.50; F(3, 465) = 51.71) explaining 25% of the variance in the dependent variable. The contributions of the independent variables to right ear hearing loss are in the following order: noise exposure (β=0.41), diabetes mellitus (β= 0.23) and hypertension (β=0.11). For left ear hearing loss, the order is: noise exposure (β=0.36), diabetes mellitus (β= 0.27) and hypertension (β=0.02). Furthermore, noise exposure (B=18.11; t=10.33; p<0.05), diabetes mellitus (B=11.40; t=5.52; p<0.05) and hypertension (B=4.71; t=2.65; p<0.05) could predict right ear hearing loss. On the other hand, only two of the factors: noise exposure (B=15.28; t=8.56; p<0.05) and diabetes mellitus (B=13.07; t=6.21; p<0.05) could predict left ear hearing loss. History of noise exposure, diabetes mellitus and hypertension predispose elderly people to loss of hearing. Therefore, noise should be abated at the source through sound barriers, sound diffusers and sound enclosures. Personal ear protectors such as earmuffs and earplugs should be worn by people in noisy environments. In addition, lifestyle modification and routine medical checkup are advocated for the elderly patients with diabetes mellitus and hypertension.