scholarly works
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Item The significance of failed election in 1993 for Nigeria’s democratic development(2017-08) Johnson, I. A.Election plays a vital role in a system of representative democracy. In Nigeria, the history of elections has been a chequered one. From 1964,1979 to 1983 elections in Nigeria, experience shows that the country failed to conduct credible elections which will move the country to a higher rung on the democratization ladder. Thus, successive elections in Nigeria lacked the essential ingredients of democratic electoral processes. However, the June 12 1993 Presidential election remains a watershed in the history of elections in the country. The election was adjudged the most peaceful, and the freest in Nigeria’s post-independence political history. The results of the election were not released by the military government with no justifiable reason. All domestic pressures to make the military allow the winner, M.K.O. Abiola assumed presidential office proved abortive. The 1993 presidential election explains the important roles of individuals, civil society organizations, opposition parties, and foreign countries in terminating authoritarian regime in Nigeria. The paper posits that the June 12 1993 presidential election was very significant for three obvious reasons. First, it allowed Nigeria to slightly conform to the global norm of democracy. Secondly, Nigeria became an encouragement for other countries in Africa in returning to democratic rule. Thirdly, Nigerians were more enlightened to reject any government coming ”to power through military coup. Arising from the foregoing, the paper concludes with some recommendations on how to consolidate democracy in NigeriaItem Internal security operations and human rights abuses in Nigeria: issues and challenges(2014) Johnson, I. A.The most outstanding challenge to the Nigerian state since the beginning of the twenty- first century is probably the proliferation of internal conflicts. This is primarily because they impede the growth of democracy and threaten national security. In order to maintain peace and security, the military is given a constitutional role in managing internal conflicts through internal security operations when the police is overwhelmed. However, the military at times misuse the constitutional powers by violating the rights of the civilian population. This paper examines the connection between internal security operations and human rights abuses in Nigeria. The major direction is to provide a deeper understanding of the constitutional role of the military in the management of internal conflicts, while also looking at the challenges and the prospects for non-violation of human rights of civilian population. The paper concludes with some recommendations on how the military can be involved in internal security operations without violating citizens’ human rights