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Item Gastrointestinal helminths in slaughtered cattle in Ibadan, South-Western Nigeria(Hindawi, 2014-10) Adedipe, O.D.; Uwalaka, E.C.; Akinseye, V. O.; Adediran, O. A.; Cadmus, S.I.B.As part of an ongoing project to investigate the epidemiology of gastrointestinal helminths of cattle in Nigeria, we carried out a systematic random sampling of cattle slaughtered in a major abattoir in Ibadan, south-western Nigeria. Using sedimentation and floatation methods, we analyzed fecal samples from 397 animals between March and May 2013. Overall, 163 (41.6%) of the animals had at least one astrointestinal helminth egg, comprising a total of eight helminths from different genera (i.e., four nematodes, three trematodes, and one cestode), with nematode infection being the highest (71.54%). In addition, eggs of four helminths of zoonotic importance were also obtained. Among the cattle examined, the Bunaji breed was the most infected (46%; 69/150). Furthermore, female animals (OR = 1.1; 95% CI: 0.60–1.84) and animals with moderate body condition (OR = 1.2; 95% CI: 0.80–1.79) are more likely to be positive to helminth infection. Our findings reveal that there were helminth infections of both zoonotic and socioeconomic importance among the cattle screened. Considering the impact of the infections on animal production and public health, we advocate that effective prophylactic measures be adopted as a first step to curtail helminth infections of cattle in Nigeria.Item Distribution of gastrointestinal helminthosis of small ruminants in Ibadan, South Western Nigeria: Role of traditional rearing system(Nature and Science, 2014) Adediran, O. A.; Adebiyi, I. A.; Uwalaka, E. C.In Nigeria, where the great majority of herds are managed traditionally, the search for feed and water results in scavenging livestock-raising methods. This often exposes such animals to high levels of infections, causing considerable losses. A survey was conducted during the short wet season to determine the prevalence and role of factors associated with small ruminant helminthosis in Ibadan region. A total of 880 sheep and goats were examined using standard parasitological procedures. The overall prevalence of helminthosis was 92.7%. Species prevalence of helminthosis was 96.1% and 89.3% in sheep and goats respectively. Sex prevalence was 94.1% and 87.8% in females and males respectively. Peri-urban prevalence was 96.0% while urban had 88.8% of mixed helminth infection. It was also observed that 42.5% and 57.7% of animal owners in urban and peri-urban areas lacked knowledge of anthelmintic used. Others, 20% and 30% of urban and periurban owners expressed some knowledge of existence of worms but believed that scavenging animals when infected have innate ability to seek medicinal herbs and plants to graze on. A total of 10% of all owners interviewed are aware that veterinary care should be given but only when the animals are obviously sick or fail to thrive. Our results reveal that the entire Ibadan region is endemic for gastrointestinal helminthosis and owners in the region believe that the best system for rearing small ruminants is the extensive management. [Adediran OA, Adebiyi Al, Uwalaka EC. Distribution of Gastrointestinal Helminthosis of Small Ruminants in Ibadan, South Western Nigeria: Role of Traditional Rearing System.Item Seroprevalence of canine leishmaniasis in Kwara, Oyo and Ogun states of Nigeria(Indian Society for Parasitology, 2014-08) Adediran, O. A.; Kolapo, T. U.; Uwalaka, E. C.Leishmaniasis is an important tropical disease that is gradually gaining attention in Nigeria. The canine species which include domestic dogs have been named the reservoir host for the zoonotic form of leishmaniasis. The present study was carried out to determine the seroprevalence of canine leishmaniasis in three selected states of Nigeria using indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Two hundred and seventy-three canine sera were tested for Leishnmnia IgG antibodies. Dogs sampled were grouped into young (<1 year) and adult (>1 year). Total prevalence recorded was 4.40 % (12/273). There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between sera of hunting (4.83 %) and companion dogs (3.03 %). Furthermore, there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between young and adults dogs. There was no correlation between sex and prevalence of canine leishmaniasis. However, significant difference (P < 0.05) was observed in the prevalence of each state with Kwara, Oyo and Ogun having 14.63, 3.33 and 1.32 % respectively. The result of this study established the presence of canine leishmaniasis in Oyo, Ogun and Kwara Slates of Nigeria making the zoonotic form of the disease a possibilityItem Antihelminthic and anticoccidial effects of vernonia amygdalina in goats(Global Researchers Journal, 2014) Adediran, O. A.; Uwalaka, E. C.; Kolapo, T. U.The deteriorating and adverse effect of chemoprophylaxis and chemotherapy in livestock production has been well documented, however, not many alternatives with minimal or no side effects are available for treatment and control of parasite infections. Vernonia amygdalina, also known as bitter leaf, has been reported to have various medicinal properties, however, its antihelminthic and anticoccidial properties in goats has not been investigated despite anecdotal reports of its antidiarrhoiec effects in the specie. 20 goats were bought from various households, stabilized, divided into treatment group of fifteen and control group of five. They were fed on pasture and allowed to acquire natural parasite infection that was confirmed by feacal count and culture. The treatment groups were fed with V amygdalina leaves and young stalk ad libitum for two days while the control group was denied access to the plant. Feacal samples were collected on days 1, 2, 4 and 7, post treatment and sent to laboratory for analysis. The ingestion of Vernonia amygdalina was effective in the clearance of helminth eggs and coccidian cysts with an efficacy of 100% for helminths and 99.4% for coccidia. Five goat owners with herds ranging between five to twelve in number diagnosed with helminth infecton were asked to feed V amygdalina leaves to the goats once a week. All the goats were free of helminth infection within the period of four weeks that they were monitored. The effect of Vernonia amygdalina on helminth and coccidian parasites in goats has corroborated findings by other authors in other animal species and man. The plant provides an alternative and natural antiparasitic agent for goat heminth and coccidian that is environment friendly and without the effect of chemical residues. Further, studies on the dose may have to be carried outItem Diagnosing trichinellosis in pigs slaughtered at a major abattoir in Lagos State Nigeria(2014) Uwalaka, E. C.; Adediran, O. A.Trichinellosis, an infection caused by the Trichinella spp has been known to occur worldwide affecting almost all species of animals including man. It is an emerging or re- emerging disease in developed and developing countries. This survey was conducted to investigate the prevalence of trichinellosis in domestic pigs slaughtered in Lagos, Nigeria. Nine hundred pig sera were collected at slaughter in an abattoir in Lagos state. The sera samples were stored frozen at the parasitology research laboratory of the department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Ibadan till used. Post mortem examination was also carried out for 350 carcasses of the 900 from which blood samples were collected using standard procedures. 53 out of the 900 samples collected were seropositive for Trichinella E/S antigen using ELISA kit. No Trichinella cysts were found at postmortem examination. One of the sample positive at serology was negative at postmortem. A total sero- prevalence of 5.89% was obtained, 5.83 % (adults) and 7.65% of growers were positive. There was no serological evidence of trichinellosis in samples (44) collected from weaners. The male pigs had a higher prevalence (6.14%) than the females (5.45%). However, the differences between the ages and the sexes were not statistically significant (P≤ 0.05).This study has been able to provide serological evidence of the presence of trichinellosis in this state and thus the need to carry out proper postmortem examination after slaughter. Also, the absence of cyst at postmortem and the presence of antibodies at serology show that postmortem examination is not enough to screen for Trichinella in slaughtered food animals hence the need for the establishment of diagnostic laboratories at abattoirs in the countryItem Laboratory breeding of lymnaea natalensis (krauss, 1848), intermediate host of fasciola gigantica (cobbold, 1856)(2013) Adediran, O. A.; Uwalaka, E. C.Lymnaea natalensis the intermediate host of the Fasciola gigantica (the causative agent of liver fluke disease) was collected from the zoological and botanical gardens, University of Ibadan, Nigeria and reared in our laboratory. The aim was to improve and standardize a rearing and maintenance technique for this snail. Two kinds of diets were compared: Blanched, Dried lettuce (A) and blanched, dried lettuce + 10% Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) (B). The age at oviposition, growth rate using shell size as indices and the durations of incubation and hatching were determined. Age at beginning of ovipostion ranged from 39 to 60 days. The snails fed with CaCO3 enhanced diet presented an increased growth rate, however, the difference was not significantly different (p>0.05). The maximum size attained by snails fed with diet A was 18mm length and 8mm height and 23mm length and 14mm height for diet B. The maximum duration of incubation of the eggs for the diets are 12 days (B) and 11 days (A) while the duration of hatching for diet B and A are minimum of 2 days and 6 days respectively. The method of mass breeding and maintenance of Lymnaea natalensis using CaCO3 as supplement to blanched dried lettuce was found to be suitable in our laboratoryItem Recovery of helminth ova from soil in Ibadan metropolis(Research India Publications, 2012) Adediran, O. A.; Uwalaka, E. C.; Soetan, K.O.The prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth infection was assessed through collection of soil samples from different places in Ibadan South Western Nigeria, using standard parasitological technique. 670 samples were collected from veterinary clinics, residential areas, zoological garden and public places. Two hundred and sixty five were positive for helminth ova. The study revealed an overall prevalence of 39.6%. Veterinary clinics has soil helminth ova prevalence rate of 44.1%, residential areas 60.0% Zoological garden 50.0% and public places 0.0%. Ascarid, Strongyle and Ancylostoma species were identified during the survey