FACULTY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
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Item Genetic variation of Nigerian cattle inferred from maternal and paternal genetic markers(Wiley‑Blackwell on behalf of the International Society for Animal Genetics (ISAG), 2021) Mauki, D.H.; Adeola, A.C.; Ng’ang’a, S. I.; Tijjani, A.; Akanbi, I. M.; Sanke, O. J.; Abdussamad, A. M.; Olaogun, S. C.; Ibrahim, J.; Dawuda, P. M.; Mangbon, G. F.; Gwakisa, P. S.; Yin, T. T.; Peng, M. S.; Zhang, Y. P.The African cattle provide unique genetic resources shaped up by both diverse tropical environmental conditions and human activities, the assessment of their genetic diversity will shade light on the mechanism of their remarkable adaptive capacities. We therefore analyzed the genetic diversity of cattle samples from Nigeria using both maternal and paternal DNA markers. Nigerian cattle can be assigned to 80 haplotypes based on the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop sequences and haplotype diversity was 0.985 + 0.005. The network showed two major matrilineal clustering: the dominant cluster constituting the Nigerian cattle together with other African cattle while the other clustered Eurasian cattle. Paternal analysis indicates only zebu haplogroup in Nigerian cattle with high genetic diversity 1.000 ± 0.016 compared to other cattle. There was no signal of maternal genetic structure in Nigerian cattle population, which may suggest an extensive genetic intermixing within the country. The absence of Bos indicus maternal signal in Nigerian cattle is attributable to vulnerability bottleneck of mtDNA lineages and concordance with the view of male zebu genetic introgression in African cattle.Item Seasonal fluctuations of Luteinizing hormones (lh), Follicle stimulating hormones (fsh) and Testosterone levels in Male African giant rats(Nigerian Society for Animal Production (NSAP), 2020) Olawuwo, O. S.; Azeez, O. I.; Olaogun, S. C.; Oyewale, J. O.As part of the several efforts to understand the biology of the African Giant rats (AGR) (Cricetomys gambianus), seasonal changes in the gonadotropin and testosterone levels of the adult male African giant rats of about 1 – 1½ years of age in captivity were investigated during wet and dry seasons in the tropics. Male giant rats (n = 10) were kept for 12 months and blood samples were collected monthly (on 15th of each month), during the dry (November – February) and wet (March – June) seasons for Luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone assays. The hormones' levels were evaluated to suggest the best breeding season for giant rat in South-West Nigeria. The result showed that there were significant variation (p<0.001) in LH and FSH levels in the giant rat in the wet season when compared with the dry season. However, testosterone level was significantly lower (p<0.001) in the wet season than in the dry season. The study showed that sexual activities in the male AGR might be higher in the dry season with peak activities in December in the tropics while the gonadotropins prepare the animals for sexual activities in the dry season. Further studies on the seasonal activities of gonadotropins in the female will give more insight into the sexual receptivity and performance in these animals.Item Pathogenic and zoonotic potential of bacterial flora of commercial fish ponds in Ibarapa Central Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria(2020) Obisesan, O. M.; Oladosu, G. A.; Abegunde, P. T.; Ajibade, A. O.; Adah, A. D.; Oladejo, A. O.Pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria are normal microflora of the aquatic ecosystem. The bacterial organisms isolated in this study are from fish and pond water samples collected from 3 farms, and they belong to the following families: Streptococcaceae, Staphylococcaceae. Enterobacteriaceae, Psedomonadaceae, Vibrionaceae and Aeromonadaceae. Seven of the 13 bacterial species isolated namely; Citrobacter freundii, Aeromonas hydrophila, Vibrio vulnificus. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aeromonas schubertii, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Edwardsiella tarda are pathogenic to fish in freshwater habitat, while almost all the 13 species are pathogenic to humans. These organisms are therefore of economically significant to commercially important farmed fishes, have zoonotic potential and are of public health importance to man. Strict hygiene and biosecurity measures become very important on fish farms to avoid disease outbreaks. Consumers should also avoid eating raw and lightly cooked aquatic products.Item Common diseases of fish encountered in different culture systems(Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ibadan, 2014) Oladosu G. A.; Adedeji O. B.Item Some ecological factors of the tropical floodplain influencing the breeding and conservation of Gymnarchus niloticus (Cuvier 1829): A Review(Fisheries Society of Nigeria, Niger State Chapter, 2011) Oladosu O. O.; Oladosu G. A.; Hart A. I.Gymnarchus niloticus is the only species of the family Gymnarchidae. It is a popular food fish in most parts of Africa where it is greatly esteemed. In some culture, it is offered as a special gift to leaders during festive seasons, while in some others it is an important part of items presented by a suitor to the parents of a girl at the time of betrothal. It can therefore be inferred that G. niloticus is not only important as food fish with economic significance, but also plays vital roles in the socio-cultural life of some African tribes. The supply of this important species still depends largely on the catch from the wild. However, based on the method of catch, it has been classified as endangered. A close examination of the ecological factors in the floodplain (where it migrates to breed), revealed strong influence on the breeding and survival of the fish. The level of rainfall determines the extent of floodplain inundation, and the abundance and survival of the flora and fauna in the area. These in turn determine the availability of breeding substrates and natural food sources for the various stages of G. niloticus. Therefore, rainfall, the flora and the fauna of the floodplain play vital roles in the breeding and survival of G. niloticus in nature. To ensure the conservation of this important species, controlled propagation strategies that draws on the influence of prevailing ecological factors in the floodplain is recommended. This will ensure conservation, and protect the economic and socio-cultural significance of G. niloticus.Item Design and construction of a shrimp hatchery for the breeding of the black tiger shrimp Peneaus monodon(Fisheries Society of Nigeria, 2009) Ayinla O. A.; Anyanwu P. E.; Atakpu J. A.; Ebonwu B. I.; Hamzat M. B.; Ihimekpen F. A.; Oladosu G. A.; Adeleke T. A.; Matanmi M. A.; Afolabi E. S.; Oguntade O. R.; Ayaobu-Cookey I. K.; Asikhia G. I.; Oseni A.; Olaluwoye L. B.; Ajijo M. R.A shrimp hatchery for the breeding of the black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon was constructed the Nigeria Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research in 2008 by the reconstruction of an existing old shrimp hatchery. The new shrimp hatchery comprises of the following: water treatment, water storage, broodstock maturation, spawning/incubation, nursery and micro-algae units. The design included the construction of a concrete sump for the collection and treatment of wastewater before disposal, in addition to an acration unit equipped with root blower for adequate supply of dissolved oxygen. The reconstructed NIOMR shrimp hatchery has been successfully used for the production of post larvae, which are presently being reared to adult shrimp in concrete tanks. The successful completion of the shrimp hatchery and breeding of P. monodon has confirmed that the species can be spawned and reared to adult size in Nigeria for local and export markets.Item Pollution and health hazards of integrated livestock-cum-fish farming system in Nigeria(CIFA, 1994) Ayinla, O. A.; Oladosu, G. A.; Ajiboye, M. O.; Ansa, E. J.Adverse environmental conditions induced by beavy loading of fish ponds with livestock manure constitute serious. pollution and health hazards. Losses in form of fish mortalities, poor growth performance and outbreak of pathogenic diseases of fish and man have been observed. The extension of well documented information on the practise of integrated livestock-cum-fish-farming will go a long way in solving these problems.Item Health management under integration of fish cum rice and poultry(Walecrown Ventures, 2013) Oladosu G. A.; Esho E. F.; Kareem O. K.Item Bovine dermatophilosis: Awareness, knowledge, Attitude and Antibiotics usage practices among cattle herders in Oyo state, Nigeria(Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, 2020) Olaogun, S. C.; Ifarajimi, R. O.; Muhammad, H. A.Background: Economic and zoonotic importance of bovine dermatophilosis in tropical countries and Nigeria in particular cannot be underestimated. We therefore conducted a cross-sectional study to assess cattle breeders’ awareness, perceptions and practices with regard to bovine dermatophilosis in Oyo State. Methods: The survey was conducted from June to December 2017 across the four geopolitical zones, which includes; Ibarapa, Oyo/Ogbomosho, Oke ogun and Ibadan. A total of 400 cattle breeders were interviewed using well-structured questionnaires. The data obtained were analysed on SPSS for frequency and percentages. Results: The results revealed high awareness of dermatophilosis among the breeders. However, 388/400 (97%) were not aware of its’ zoonotic importance. Nearly 49% engaged in self-treatment, while only 44/400 (11%) sought for veterinary intervention. Majority (97%) of the respondents disclosed to have used drugs for treatment. However, 94% did not adhere to manufacturer’s instruction while 8/400 (2%) were unaware of manufacturer’s instruction. More than 90% were unaware of withdrawal period in administering drugs, 16/400 (4%) observed it and 16/400 (4%) did not always observe withdrawal period when administering drugs. About 96% agreed that the drugs were effective while 8/400 (2%) were not sure about drugs effectiveness. Conclusions: Despite the high awareness of dermatophilosis by cattle rearers in Oyo state, the knowledge, practices and perception of farmers about the disease are still generally very low. Therefore, further education for the cattle breeders and the general public on zoonotic importance of bovine dermatophilosis is required.Item Effects of Graded Crude Protein Diet on Haematological Indices and Body Weight of African Giant Rat (Cricetomys gambianus)(International Journals of Animal Science & Technology (AJAST Journals), 2020) Olawuwo, O. S.; Olaogun, S. C.; Azeez, O. I.; Oyewale, J. O.The domestication of the African giant rat (AGRs) (Cricetomys gambianus) to compliment the inadequate animal protein supplies in Nigeria and its potential to serve as a model for biomedical research is yet to be fully exploited. This study determines the effects of varied crude protein (CP) diet on haematological indices and body weight of AGRs. Blood samples were obtained from the orbital sinus of 30 apparently healthy adult male and female AGRs. The AGR’s were kept in captivity and divided into 6 rats per group (A, B, C, D and E). Group A served as control group. The groups were fed with graded levels of crude protein (CP) of (E) 9.83%, (D) 14.79%, (A) 21.21%, (C) 23.93% and (B) 27.84%. Each chloroform pre-anaesthetized AGRs were weighed at days 0 and 14, 28, 42 and 56, while blood samples were collected at days 28 and 56. The samples were each analyzed for erythrocyte and leucocyte parameters and platelet counts by standard methods. All data collected were subjected to analysis of variance and student t-test. At 28 days post-feeding, AGRs fed with 27.84% CP showed no significant elevations in erythrocyte and leucocyte values compared with control values (21.21% CP). However, at 56 days post-feeding, RBC, Hb, PCV, total WBC, eosinophil, lymphocyte and monocyte counts were significantly lowered in the group fed with 27.84% CP. No significant differences in body weights were observed in rats that were fed 27.84%, 21.21%, 14.8% and 9.8% crude protein diets for 28 and 56 days. This study shows improved body weight with 27.84% CP compared with other crude protein percentage used while 14.79% CP had the best haematological parameters when compared with other crude protein groups.