FACULTY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
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Item Modulatory effect of ethanol root extract of Sarcocephalus latifolius on fertility of hypertensive Wistar rats induced by Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester.(Physiological Society of Nigeria, 2024) Adejumobi, O. A.; Ajani, O. S.; Faturoti, J. F.; Adewoying, A. G.; Ajani, T. F.; Esan, O. O.; Oyagbemi, A. A.; Omobowale, T. O.; Adedapo, A. A.; Ohore, O. G.; Oyeyemi, M. O.; Ashafa, T. O. A.; Yakubu, M. A.This study was designed to investigate the modulatory effect of ethanol root extract of Sarcocephalus latifolius (SL) on the fertility of hypertensive Wistar rats induced by Nw-Nitro-L-Arginine Methyl Ester. Fifty adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups A-E. The rats in group A (Control) were administered with distilled water while Groups B-E received L-NAME at 40 mg/kg. Groups C, D, were co-administered SL at dosage of 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight. respectively, and group E was co-administered with Captopril 20 mg/kg once daily for 28 days. L-NAME caused a significant increase in blood pressure (mmHg) with Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) (159.08±2.89), Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) (114.67±3.83) and Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) (120.90±4.65) values when compared with their respective control of (115.00±2.81. 80.91+2.76 and 91.9±2.68) in Group B. The high blood pressure was however lowered im groups co- administered with SL and Captopril. Higher morphological alterations of sperm cells were observed in hypertensive rats and hypertensive rats medicated with captopril in this study. It was noticed that the right testicular weight and right testicular length in group C were affected significantly when compared to the left testicular parameter in groups A and B. Semen characteristics showed a decrease in sperm motility and liveability in hypertensive rats group compared to the control and extract treated groups. This decrease fell below acceptable 60% minimum sperm motility recommended for breeding animals and percentage of the abnormal sperm cell in group B is higher than 20% maximum acceptable limit in normal breeding animals. Hypertension altered the reproductive indices in rats used for this study and could result in infertility but ethanol extract of S. latifolius ameliorated the reproductive organ damage in hypertensive rats.Item Electrocardiographic study of rescued white-bellied pangolins (Phataginus tricuspis) immobilized with xylazine combination.(African Association of Biomedical Scientists / Ibadan Biomedical Communications Group, 2024) Adejumobi, O. A.; Fawole, O.; Omotosho, O. O.; Hamzat, A. A.; Olakojo, T. A.; Ofua, M.; Wirtu, G.; Oyagbemi, A. A.; Omobowale, T. O.; Morenikeji, O.Optimal health is required in endangered species and one of the vital organs to assess the overall health of an animal is the heart. The Electrocardiograph (ECG) provides information on the health status of the heart. There is dearth of information on the electrocardiographic parameters of white bellied pangolins. In this study, we obtained cardiac parameters from clinically healthy white-bellied pangolins (n=26) rescued from trade in Southwestern Nigeria. The Pangolins were sedated with Ketamine hydrochloride (10mg/kg) and Xylazine (3mg/kg). Electrocardiography was recorded with the animal on dorsal recumbence using a 6/7 lead computer ECG machine. Standard bipolar (I, II, III) and augmented unipolar (aVR, aVL and aVF) leads readings were recorded. Measurements are presented as mean±standard deviation. Electrocardiogram (ECG) readings were analysed using Descriptive statistics, Student t-test at 5% level of significance. Electrocardiographic parameters such as heart rate (HR), P-wave duration, PR-interval, QRS duration, QT interval, QTc interval and Ra were recorded for each of the leads. The HR ranged from 54 to 109 beats/min with a mean ± standard deviation of 82.85±13.50 beats/min. Lead II recordings showed a P-wave duration of 61.19±16.73 ms, PR interval 94.88±18.88 ms, QRS duration 50.77±16.05 ms, QT interval 299.88±31.23 ms, QTc interval 347.88±37.07 ms and Ra 1.28±0.38 mV. There were no significant differences in the ECG parameters between male and female white-bellied pangolins in all the leads measured. The findings of this study should provide clinical reference for healthy management of African pangolins. It would also serve as a reference values for further research.Item Alleviation of oxidized lipid-induced oxidative stress and hypertension by estrogen and selected antihyperlipidemic drugs in postmenopausal Wistar rats(INNOSC (Innovative Space of Scientific Research), 2024) Folahan, J. T.; Oyewopo, A. O.; Adejumobi, O. A.; Ajayi, A. M.; Afolabi, S. O.; Atolani, O. O.; Ologe, M. O.; Omobowale, T. O.; Olorundare, O. E.Lipid peroxidation is implicated in the development of hypertension and coronary artery disease, and its deleterious impact is exacerbated by estrogen (ETD) depletion in post-menopausal women. We hypothesize that treatment with ETD and antihyperlipidemic drugs, either alone or in combination, can alleviate the development of cardiovascular disease. In this study, female Wistar rats were divided into 10 groups (n = 6): Group 1 (control) underwent a Sham operation and was fed standard rat chow, whereas the other nine groups were ovariectomized (OVX) and received a diet containing either thermoxidized palm oil (TPO) or thermoxidized soya oil (TSO) for 12 weeks. ETD at 0.2 mg/kg/day, atorvastatin (ATV) at 10 mg/kg/day, and a combination of ezetimibe (EZE) and ATV (EZE at 3 mg/kg/day + ATV at 10 mg/kg/day) were administered for 12 weeks in both TSO and TPO diet groups. Blood pressure and electrocardiogram (ECG) parameters were assessed, along with serum lipid profile, atherogenic indices, and markers of oxidative stress. Both TPO and TSO diets significantly altered blood pressure and ECG parameters in OVX rats. Treatment with ATV, EZE+ATV, and ETD significantly reduced blood pressure parameters compared to the OVX+TPO group. Antihyperlipidemic drugs significantly decreased heart rate, QT interval, QRS duration, and QT corrected (QTc), whereas ETD similarly shortened the QRS and QTc duration. ATV and ETD also reduced total cholesterol, triglycerides, and very low-density lipoprotein levels, while boosting high-density lipoprotein concentrations compared to untreated OVX+TSO rats. This study demonstrates that thermoxidized oil has a deleterious effect on OVX rats by altering blood pressure, ECG parameters, and atherogenic indices. Treatment with antihyperlipidemic drugs and ETD normalized blood pressure and ECG parameters, reversed hyperlipidemia, and restored antioxidant system balance.Item Ocimum Gratissimum Linn. Leaf Extract and Fractions Pre-Treatments are not Associated with Deleterious Electrocardiogram Changes in Trastuzumab-Intoxicated Wistar Rats(University of Al-Nahrain, Iraq, 2023) Adeneye, A. A.; Olorundare, O. E.; Adejumobi, O. A.; Omobowale, T. O.; Akinsola, A. O.; Ajayi, A. M.Trastuzumab (TZM) treatment is known to be associated with arrhythmogenic potential which primarily is the basis for its cardiotoxicity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute influence of oral pretreatments with 100 mg/kg/day of Ocimum gratissimum ethanolic leaf extract (OG) and its fractions (petroleum ether, PEOG; ethyl acetate, EAOG; and ethanolic extract, EOG) as well as valsartan-lisinopril fixed dose combination (VAL-LSP) on electrocardiogram (ECG) of Wistar rats intraperitoneally treated with 2.25 mg/kg/day TZM for 7 days. Young adult male Wistar rats were randomly allotted into 12 groups of 6 rats per group. The rats were subjected to electrocardiograms (ECG) measurement using non-invasive procedures on days 1 and 7 of the experiment. Results showed that oral pretreatment with OG and its fractions (except EOG) as well as VAL-LSP fixed dose combination did not cause any remarkable changes in the ECG patterns of TZM-treated rats indicating their relative oral safety in TZM chemotherapy. On the other hand, EOG pretreatment caused significant shortening of the QT/QTc interval in the TZM-treated rats highlighting the arrhythmogenic potential of this fraction. Overall, the study highlighted the arrhythmogenic potential of EOG in TZM chemotherapy while OG and its other solvent fractions as well as VAL-LSP could be considered relatively safe for use as adjuvants in TZM chemotherapy.Item L-arginine and lisinopril supplementation protect against sodium fluoride-induced nephrotoxicity and hypertension by suppressing mineralocorticoid receptor and angiotensin-converting enzyme 3 activity(Springer Nature, 2023) Esan, O. O.; Maikifi, A. A.; Esuola, L. O.; Ajibade, T. O.; Adetona, M. O.; Aina, O. O.; Oyagbemi, A. A.; Adejumobi, O. A.; Omobowale, T. O.; Oladele, O. A.; Oguntibeju, O. O.; Nwulia, E.; Yakubu, M. A.Sodium fluoride (NaF) is one of the neglected environmental toxicants that has continued to silently cause toxicity to both humans and animals. NaF is universally present in water, soil and the atmosphere. The persistent and alarming rate of increase in cardiovascular and renal diseases and disorders caused by chemicals such as sodium fluoride (NaF) in mammalian tissues have led to the use of various drugs for the treatment of these diseases. This study aims at evaluating the renoprotective and antihypertensive effects of L- Arginine on NaF-induced nephrotoxicity. Thirty male Wistar rats (150–180 g) were used in this study. The rats were randomly divided into five groups of six rats each as Control, NaF (300 ppm), NaF + L- Arginine (100 mg/kg), NaF + L- Arginine (200 mg/kg), and NaF + Lisinopril (10 mg/kg), respectively; orally for eight days. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry of renal angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and mineralocorticoid receptor (MCR) were performed. Markers of renal damage, oxidative stress, antioxidant defence system, and blood pressure parameters were determined. L- Arginine significantly (p < 0.05) ameliorated the hypertensive effects of NaF. The systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure of the treated groups were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced compared with the hypertensive group. This finding was concurrent with significantly increased serum bioavailability of nitric oxide in the hypertensive treated groups. Also, there was significant reduction in the level of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine in the serum of the hypertensive rats treated with L- arginine. There was significant (p < 0.05) reduction in markers of oxidative stress such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PCO) and concurrent increase in the levels of antioxidant enzymes in the kidney of hypertensive rats treated with L- arginine. The results of this study suggest that L- Arginine normalized high blood pressure, reduced oxidative stress, reduced the expression of renal ACE and MCR, and improved nitric oxide production. Thus, L- Arginine holds promise as a potential therapy against hypertension and renal damage.Item The retrospective study of small animal cases presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, 2009–2013(Scholarena / Independent academic publisher, 2022) Ajibade, T. O.; Awodele, O. A.; Tijani, M. O.; Adejumobi, O. A.; Adetona, M. O.; Oyagbemi, A. A.; Adedapo, A. D.; Omobowale, T. O.; Aro, A. O.; Ola-Davies, O. E.; Saba, A. B.; Adedapo, A. A.; Nkadimeng, S. M.; Mc Gaw, L. J.; Kayoka-Kabongo, P. N.; Oguntibeju, O. O.; Yakubu, M. A.Item Antioxidant and chemopreventive effects of Azadirachta indica on lead acetate-induced hepatotoxicity in male Wistar rats(Physiological Society of Nigeria, 2022) Asenuga, E. R. A.; Ajibade, T. O. B.; Adejumobi, O. A. C.; Alaba, B. A. C.; Akinboye, O. A. C.; Badejo, J. A. D.; Nabofa, E. W. E.; Oyagbemi, A. A. B.; Omobowale, T. O. C.Toxic metals such as lead cause severe liver damage in humans and animals, with oxidative stress prominently implicated in the pathogenesis of lead acetate-induced liver injury. Azadirachta indica is hepatoprotective due to its antioxidative effect. This study investigated the antioxidative role of A. indica (AI) and its chemopreventive effect on lead acetate (LA)-induced hepatocellular dysfunction with seventy adult male rats classified into group A- Control (distilled water), group B 0.1% LA only, group C and D- 0.1% LA + 100 mg/kg and 0.1% LA + 200 mg/kg AI respectively, group E- 0.2% LA, group F and G- 0.2% LA + 100 mg/kg and 0.2% LA + 200 mg/kg AI. Oxidative stress markers (MDA and H2O2), antioxidant parameters (GSH, SOD, CAT, GPx, GST), inflammatory markers (MPO and NO), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and histopathological studies of the liver were evaluated. The results showed that LA administration caused a decrease in GSH, GPx, and GST while AI co-administration increased the activities of the antioxidants. Moreover, LA administration increased MPO, NO, MDA, and H2O2 levels whereas AI significantly reduced (P<0.05) these parameters. Histopathological examination revealed necrosis and mild infiltration by inflammatory cells in LA administered rats, whereas these lesions were absent in AI administered rats. In conclusion, A. indica demonstrates a protective role in lead acetate-induced hepatotoxicity, mainly via oxidative stress inhibition.Item The methanol leaf extract of Picralima nitida mitigates cisplatin-induced toxicities in rats through nuclear factor kappa B, cardiac troponin, mineralocorticoid receptor, and Nrf2 signaling pathways.(Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, 2022) Adedapo, A. A.; Yosuf, A. A.; Falayi, O. O.; Ogunmiluyi, I. O.; Ogunpolu, B. S.; Omobowale, T. O.; Oyagbemi, A. A.; Adejumobi, O. A.; Oguntibeju, O. O.; Yakubu, M. A.; Yakubu, F. B.Introduction: Cisplatin (CP)-induced toxicity involves oxidative stress and Picralima nitida is rich in natural antioxidants hence its methanol leaf extract was used to mitigate the toxic effect of CP. Methods: Forty rats divided into four groups of 10 rats per group were used as follows: group A (normal saline), group B (CP 10 mg/kg), group C [Methanol Leaf Extract of Picralima nitida (MLEPN), 100 mg/kg and CP 10 mg/kg], and group D (MLEPN 200 mg/kg and CP 10 mg/kg). All administrations were done by oral gavage with the volumes of the treatments administered determined by the average weight of the rats in each group except CP, which was given intraperitoneally. Administration of normal saline and MLEPN lasted for seven consecutive days after which a single dose of CP was given on day 8. All animals were sacrificed 72 hours after CP administration. On day 9, blood pressure measurement was taken, and changes in body weight were determined. On day 10, blood samples were taken for serum chemistry, and kidneys, liver, and heart were harvested from the animals for serum assay, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Results: The extract improved weight changes caused by CP and reversed the toxic changes produced by CP on serum chemistry, oxidative stress, and histopathology. The extract caused a significant decrease in the levels of nuclear factor kappa beta, cardiac troponin, and mineralocorticoid receptors (MCRs). However, it increased the protein expression of Nrf2 compared to the toxicant group. Conclusion: The extract exhibited anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-renin properties.Item Review on the principles and current trends in management of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases(International Organization of Scientific Research, 2022) Adejumobi, O. A.; Jeremiah, O. T.; Omobowale, T. O.This review focuses on hypertension, other cardiovascular diseases and some new developments in their managements. Hypertension is a cardiovascular disease of increasing medical and public health importance. It is a risk factor for myocardial infarction, stroke and chronic renal failure. Cardiovascular diseases have been recognized as a major cause of death in man and animals across the globe and it has placed enormous economic burden on patients, families, pet owners and national economy. A great number of pets have hypertension and cardiovascular diseases that are unnoticed until the animals are presented with sudden blindness, kidney failure and other end-organ damages. Many have been lost to cardiovascular diseases because they are under diagnosed. There is therefore, the need for proper diagnosis and management. Current classes of drugs offered in the management of hypertension in dogs include angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blocker, calcium channel blockers, vasodilators and diuretics. Current trend in the management of hypertension is the use of natural plant products and phytocompounds to reduce end organ damage. Therefore, early diagnosis and good management with orthodox anti-hypertensives and novel natural products will save the lives of pets and other animals, with attendant improvements on wellbeing of men and animals.Item In vitro cytotoxicity activity of the methanol leaf extract of Picralima nitida on human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines (HT-29)(AkiNik Publications, 2021) Adedapo, A. A.; Yusuff, A. A.; Falayi, O. O.; Ogunmiluyi, I. O.; Ogunpolu, B. S.; Omobowale, T. O.; Oyagbemi, A. A.; Adejumobi, O. A.; Oguntibeju, O. O.; Yakubu, M. A.; Yakubu, F. B.The anti-proliferative effect of the methanol leaf extract of Picralima nitida on Human Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Cell lines (HT-29) was investigated using the Cell Titer 96 MTT assay because Picralima nitida is a therapeutic herb used in ethnomedicine for the management of several disease conditions. Cells were cultured to confluence, trypsinized, and plated in 96-well plates for cell proliferation assay. Twenty four hours after plating, cells were treated with various concentrations (62.5, 125, 250 μm) of the extract along with the control in the presence or absence of Calphostin C (10 μm) or Tyrphostin (10 μm) and cultured for 24–72 h to determine effects of treatment on cell growth. MTT assay was performed at 24, 48 and 72. MTT assay was performed over 3 days. In vitro antiproliferative study showed that the extract at all concentrations caused cytotoxicity of the HT29 cells. The extract in the absence of the enzyme inhibitors caused a higher cell inhibition than in their presence with the 62.5 μm/ml causing a higher inhibitory effect on the cells. The ability of the methanol leaf extract of Picralima nitida with a higher antiproliferative property in the absence of the enzyme inhibitors is a pointer to its cytotoxic efficacy. It was thus concluded from this study that the plant extract from Picralima nitida has anti-proliferative/cytotoxic effect hence further evaluation on the constituents responsible for this effect may be explored.