Scholarly works Veterinary anatomy
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://repository.ui.edu.ng/handle/123456789/570
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Item Environmental fluorosis and the neurotoxic effects of fluoride in Nigeria.(College of Medicine, Ekiti State University; Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, and the Medical and Dental Consultants Association of Nigeria (MDCAN) EKSUTH Branch, 2021) Femi-Akinlosotu, O. M.; Jubril, J. A.; Igado, O. O.A number of seemingly harmless substances can become poisons, depending on the dose. This is essentially true of fluoride and the exposure of the biological system to it. Fluoride has been known and used as an anti-cariogenic agent over the decades in dental practice. Many communities and municipal authorities had advocated for fluoride supplements in water sources to boost the health of the teeth especially in children. However, fluoride is now known to be toxic at specific concentrations, hence the dose and poison phenomenon. The ecosystem is exposed to fluoride in diverse sources, naturally from volcanic eruptions, marine aerosols, minerals and artificially from combination of other elements. High environmental levels of fluoride have been reported geographically from different parts of the world and have been associated with elevated levels of fluoride in the biological host. Both naturally and anthropogenic sources has been found to be toxic, at high and prolonged exposure, to humans, through food, water and air pollution, especially during early development and growth. These toxic levels have been associated with clinical manifestations in different body parts such as bones, teeth, kidney, liver, endocrine, including the brain. We hereby highlighted some local sources (natural and artificial) of fluoride in the ecosystem and then bring to fore its neurotoxic effects. We hope to increase fluoride neurotoxicity awareness as a public health concern especially in developing countries like Nigeria. There is a need for more advocacy and research on prevailing environmental levels, associated pathophysiology and risk-benefit of fluoride toxicity, especially on developmental fluoride toxicity by ecotoxicologists in collaboration with neuroscientists.Item Craniofacial morphometrics and macro-neurometrics of the fruit bat (Eidolon helvum)(Sociedad Anatómica Española, 2012) Igado, O. O.; Omobowale, T. O.; Ajadi, R. A.; Nottidge, H. O.This study involved the measurement of craniofacial indices and linear neurometrics in the fruit bat, Eidolon helvum, which are found abundantly in Nigeria. The mean head weight was 38.7±2.74g, while the rimaoris length, distance between medial canthi, and the height of the philtrum were 48.9±7.59 mm, 14.1±0.49 mm, 8.67±0.48 mm respectively. The brain weight and length of brain were 3.22±0.50 g and 2.79±0.18 cm respectively. The males had consistently higher values for most craniofacial and all neurometric parameters measured, while the female values were higher only in the width of the left external nares (5.08±0.55 mm in the females, and 5.0±0.39 mm in the males). Correlation studies revealed negative correlation between the weight of the animal and the weight of the brain. Data obtained from this study will serve as baseline data for craniofacial anatomy and neuro-anatomy research for the fruit bat, Eidolon helvum, and also in comparative anatomy with other breeds of bats.Item Morphometric studies of the eyeball and orbital region of the Nigerian local pig (Sus scrofa)(Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University, 2011) Olopade, J. O.; Igado, O. O.; Azeez, I. A.; Okandeji, M. E.The ocular and orbital morphometries of the Nigerian local pig (Sus scofa) were investigated on the fresh specimen and macerated skull on twenty-six pigs (12 males and 14 females). The average weight of the animals studied was 19 ± 1.3 kg, while the eyeball weights were 5.12g and 5.16g for right and left eyeballs respectively. The vertical diameter was greater than the horizontal diameter thus the animals had an orbital index above 100. No statistically significant differences (P>0.05) were observed between the male and female values. Of the eighteen parameters measured, only five parameters recorded values that were slightly higher in the males. The correlation coefficient of the horizontal height (of the orbit in the dry skull) to the right and left eyes although positive, were negligible (r = 0.021 and 0.036 respectively). A positive correlation was observed between the horizontal diameter of the orbit and the intercanthi distance (r = 0.573), however, the correlation between the intercanthi distance and the weight of the eyeballs was negative. Data generated from this study will prove useful in comparative, regional and clinical anatomy, ophthalmic manipulations, and could also help in identifying archaeological remains of the Nigerian local pig.Item Some Aspects of the Neurometrics and Oculometrics of the Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) in Nigeria(Brazilian Society of Anatomy (SBA), 2010) Igado, O. O.; Aina, O. O.A study of the neurometrics and oculometrics of the Nigerian Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) was done using twenty (20) male and fifteen (15) female adult quails. The mean brain weight, relative eyeball weight, relative brain weight were 0.71 ± 0.07 g, 0.56%, 0.5% respectively. The values obtained for the mean brain weight, length and depth of the cerebrum, weights of right and left eyes were slightly higher in the females (0.75 ± 0.04 g, 0.94 ± 0.21 cm, 0.74 ± 0.08 cm, 0.42 ± 0.02 g, 0.43 ± 0.02 g respectively) relative to the males (0.70 ± 0.08 g, 0.81 ± 0.12 cm, 0.65 ± 0.08 cm, 0.40 ± 0.02 g, 0.39 ± 0.03 g respectively). This showed that the heavier head weights in the males (6.69 ± 0.56 g, females-6.4 ± 0.53 g) did not necessarily imply heavier brains or eyeballs. Results obtained provide added information to avian neuroanatomy and oculometrics, and can serve as baseline data in applied and comparative research.