Scholarly works Veterinary anatomy
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://repository.ui.edu.ng/handle/123456789/570
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Item Isolation of a novel compound (MIMO2) from the methanolic extract of Moringa oleifera leaves: protective effects against vanadium induced cytotoxity(Taylor & Francis Group, 2018) Igado, O. O.; Glaser, J.; Ramos-Tirado, M.; Bankoğlu, E. E.; Atiba, F. A.; Holzgrabe, U.; Stopper, H.; Olopade, J. O.Moringa oleifera is reported to be a miracle plant, with positive effects on practically every system in the animal body. The methanolic extract of Moringa oleifera leaves was fractionated using liquid–liquid fractionation, column chromatography and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Bioassay guided fractionation using Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) was used to determine the fraction with the highest antioxidative power. Chemical structure was elucidated with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. FRAP showed that the pure compound, butyl p hydroxyphenyl-acetate (MIMO2) exhibited an antioxidant activity higher than TEMPOL (positive control). Vanadium is a metal, which as a salt has been shown to be a neurotoxicant; and was therefore used to assess the efficacy of MIMO2 in this experiment. HT22 (immortalized mouse hippocampal) cells were used for cell culture. The Comet assay showed a statistically significant reduction (p< .05) in DNA dam age when 0.25 and 0.5lM MIMO2 as well as 0.1 and 0.2mg of the methanolic extract of Moringa olei fera leaves (MO) were used in combination with 200lM vanadium (sodium metavanadate). Analogously, a reduced formation of superoxide was observed using dihydroethidium (2,7-Diamino-10 ethyl-9-phenyl-9,10-dihydrophenanthridine—DHE) stain after 0.5lM MIMO2 and 0.063mg MO were used in combination with vanadium 100lM. MIMO2 and MO gave a statistically significant (p< .05) protective effect against vanadium toxicity on neuronal cells. Further assays may need to be performed to assess the extent of protection that MIMO2 may offer, and also to better understand its mechanisms of action.Item A study of the craniofacial morphometry of the Nigerian local dog(Faculty of Science, University of Ibadan (UI), Ibadan, Nigeria, 2014) Igado, O. O.A study of the spatial relationship of the structures of the head and face of the Nigerian local dog was carried out using twenty-five clinically healthy dogs (11 males, 14 females). The males recorded a higher body weight and height of right external nares (15.75±6.19 kg and 0.73±0.15 cm respectively), when compared with the females (14.5±4.38 kg, 0.72±0.14 cm) (P>0.05). Values for all other parameters (e.g. rima oris length, pinna length and width, external nares length and width, etc.) measured were found to be higher in the females, although no statistically significant differences (P>0.05) were observed between the genders. There was a positive correlation between the weight of the animal and all other parameters measured. Data obtained from this study will find application in the field of comparative and clinical anatomy, morpho-physiology and possibly evolutionary studies.Item Rostrofacial Indices of the Nigerian Local Dog: Implications in Veterinary Oral and Maxillo-facial Anaesthesiology of the Dolichocephalic Canine Breed(Chilean Society of Anatomy, 2014) Igado, O. O.There has been a recent increase in the use of trained dogs in animal-assisted therapy programmes. This morphological study uses the Nigerian local dog as a prototype dolichocephalic to determine rostrofacial parameters which are of clinical and anesthesiological importance in veterinary oral surgery and intervention. Sixteen Nigerian local dog skulls of both sexes (seven males and nine females) were used. The females were observed to have higher values for most of the parameters measured. Statistically significant difference (P 0.05) was only observed in one parameter, distance between the mandibular foramen and the caudal border of the mandible, with the female value being higher. The length of the mandible from the most rostral point of the dental bone to the most caudal projection of the coronoid process (MDL-1) showed a positive correlation to the parameters depicting height, width and length of the mandible. Results obtained from this study will find application in veterinary comparative anatomy and in clinical application in oral and maxillofacial surgery and anaesthesia, especially in regions where the dental x-ray is not readily available.Item The preliminary investigation into the gross and morphometry of the head, brain, and the basic sensory centers in the African fruit bat (Epomops franquetti) for food, foraging, adaptation and survival in Ibadan, Nigeria.(University of Benin (UNIBEN) Press, 2019) Ekeolu, O. K.; Igado, O. O.; Obasa, A. A.; Olukole, S. G.African fruit bat, Epomops franqueti is a megachiroptera of the family pteropodidae and phytophagous. This preliminary work aimed at elucidating the bat brain machineries involved in foraging for food, its adaptation and survival. The gross anatomy and morphometrics of the head and brain were investigated to establish the echolocation capability, visual sensibility, and the olfaction acuity by measuring the whole brain weights, length, and diameter. Ten adult male African fruit bats were used for this work and their average body and head weights were 72.35±10.36g and 14.76±1.53g respectively, while the brain weight was 1.89 ±0.07g. Our findings revealed that the brain of E. franqueti was small brain with relative weight of 2.57%. The relative weight of the head was 20.39%. The mean length of the brain was 28.7 ± 0.10 mm, the olfactory lobe had a mean length of 3.5 ± 0.10 mm, while the cranial and caudal colliculi had average diameter of 3.6 ± 0.02 mm and 1.2 ± 0.02 mm, respectively, with strong indication that the bat depends more on the visual senses with a well-developed optic nerve, for its phytophagous nature.Item Gross description and osteometrics of the axial skeleton of the Eidolon helvum (African fruit bat)(Physiological Society of Nigeria, 2018) Igado, O. O.; Ade-Julius, E. R.The Eidolon helvum is a straw coloured fruit bat, also known as the African fruit bat. This study details the anatomical peculiarities, gross description and morphometrics of the ribs. Fifteen adult bats were used for this study. The vertebral formula was C7T13-14L3-4S7Cd3-4. Spinous process was rudimentary on thoracic vertebrae 1 to 7. The numbers of the ribs ranged from 13 to 14, with the longest being rib 7, and the shortest being rib 14. Twenty percent of the males and 50% of the females had 14 ribs; the male and one female had the 14th rib being unilateral (present on the right side of male and left side of female). The first rib did not articulate directly with the sternum, but through a connecting triangular-shaped bone. The thoracic inlet and outlet were larger in males, relative to the females (inlet height – males 21.82 ± 2.68 mm, females 20.44 ± 4.91 mm; outlet height – males 36.46 ± 3.76 mm, females 33.23 ± 4.33 mm). The sternum was segmented, five in number and had a ventral elongation like the avian keel. Data obtained may find application in comparative and applied anatomy, and forensic medicine.Item Dental formula and dental abnormalities observed in the Eidolon helvum (fruit bat) captured from the wild(Ibadan Biomedical Communications Group, 2018) Igado, O. O.; Femi-Akinlosotu, O.; Omobowale, T. O.; Ajadi, R. A.; Nottidge, H. O.Bats are known to be the only flying mammals. Eidolon helvum is a species of fruit bats that is reported to have great economic and health importance, while also having an unsavoury reputation in many cultures in Nigeria. This study investigated the dental formula and dental pathologies of Eidolon helvum captured from the wild. The dental profile of 35 adult bats (20 males, 15 females) was assessed. The animals were observed to have a heterodont dentition. The males were observed to have a total of 30 to 36 teeth, while the females had 30 to 34 teeth. A missing lower incisor was observed in some of the females while the males showed a varying number of upper premolar. Severe attrition and edentulousness were observed in some bats examined. Results obtained from this work may shed more light on the different dental pathologies observed in the adult Eidolon helvum in Nigeria.Item Meningoencephalocele, bilateral anorchia with radial and fibular hemimelia in a piglet(Brazilian Society of Anatomy (SBA), 2017) Abiola, J. O.; Omotosho, O. O.; Igado, O. O."Introduction: Birth defects still remain one of the major causes of economic wastage in livestock farming. It may be caused by a number of aetiologies. Meningoencephalocele results from neural tube defect during embryology. It is incompatible with life. Materials and methods: This is a case report of a stillbirth pig, which was presented with a swelling on the frontal part of the skull, and a number of other musculoskeletal defects. The affected piglet was farrowed with 5 other piglets by a 4 year old sow with previous uneventful farrowings. All other piglets in the litter showed no physical abnormalities post parturition. Results: Gross examination revealed meningocele with a circumference of 19 cm. Necropsy and x-ray (dorso-ventral view) revealed skeletal deformities which involved the long bones and the axial skeleton. The long bones were considerably shortened, with some having a ‘twisted’ appearance, while the vertebral column showed scoliosis. X-ray also revealed non-closure of the frontal bone of the skull, which resulted in herniation of brain material. Other abnormalities included bilateral anorchia, anophthalmos, cleft lip, atresia ani and multiple skeletal deformities. A rudimentary phallus was present, but dissection of abdominal and pelvic cavities revealed absence of any identifiable reproductive organs (male or female). Conclusion: Abnormalities observed were not compatible with life. This is probably the first electronically documented report of meningoencephalocele of the pig, with the reported accompanying multi organ and skeletal abnormalities in Nigeria."Item A review on the possible neuroprotective effects of Moringa oleifera leaf extract.(Physiological Society of Nigeria, 2016) Igado, O. O.; Olopade, J. O.Moringa oleifera is an edible plant that has been reputed to be a miracle plant by numerous authors, with effects on practically every body system. Phytochemical analyses have demonstrated that the leaves are rich in various minerals, vitamins and antioxidants. Its use in some continents dates back to Antiquity. Neurodegeneration are chronic diseases of the nervous system. There is currently an increase in the use of natural products to combat these debilitating diseases. So far, no suitable cure has been found, and conditions are managed and the symptoms treated. This article reviews the literature on the effects of Moringa oleifera leaves on the nervous system in vivo and in vitro.Item Cranio-facial and ocular morphometrics of the male greater cane rat (Thryonomys swinderianus).(Nigerian Veterinary Medical Association (NVMA), 2016) Igado, O. O.; Adebayo, A. O.; Oriji, C. C.; Oke, B. O.Cranio-facial indices still remain a useful means of early detection of the characteristic facial appearance of some syndromes. The cranio-facial and gross ocular morphometry of the male Greater cane rat (Thryonomys swinderianus) was studied using 9 adults. A total of twenty seven parameters were determined for each head. Linear measurements were determined on each eyeball using digital vernier calliper, measuring rule and a piece of twine. Cranio-facial parameters assessed included distance between medial canthi, height of the incisor, extent of oral commissures, width and length of the pinnae. All measured parameters were correlated with the body weight. The highest positive correlation was observed between the body weight and the width of the head, while the heights of the two upper incisors showed the lowest negative correlation with the body weight. The weights of the animals, heads and both eyeballs were 1.97 ± 0.37 kg, 252.00 ± 36.89 g, and 1.00 ± 0.12 g respectively. With increase in the use of wildlife as experimental animals, results from this study may find application in the field of comparative anatomy and pathological studies as well as in wildlife clinical applications.Item Gross morphometric studies on the tongue, buccal cavity and hard palate of the fruit bat (Eidolon helvum)(Blackwell Verlag GmbH, 2015) Igado, O. O.; Omobowale, T. O.; Ajadi, R. A.; Nottidge, H. O.This study was designed to assess the gross morphometric studies of the tongue, hard palate and buccal cavity of the fruit bat (Eidolon helvum). Sixty bats of both sexes were used for this study. The tongue was excised, and the weight and various linear measurements were determined. Linear measurements were also determined on the hard palate. The gross distribution of the lingual papillae was observed to be the same in both sexes; values obtained for the weight and length of the tongue were higher in the females, although no statistically significant differences were observed (P > 0.05). The number of ridges on the hard palate displayed sexual dimorphism. Results obtained from this study may find application in the field of comparative and clinical anatomy of wild life and also in feeding physiology.
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