Scholarly works in Human Nutrition and Dietetics

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Access to nutritioninformation, dietary diversity and shortfall food groups among Nigerian In-school adolescents
(Medical and Dental Consultants’ Association of Nigeria, 2023) Ariyo, O.; Oladipo, F. S.; Alimi, E. J.; Atojoko, M. A.
Background: Healthy dietary behaviour is essential for adolescents to promote psychosocial development and cognitive performance and prevent nutrition-related chronic diseases. Yet, the prevalence of micronutrient malnutrition remains high among Nigerian adolescents. Objective: To assess access to nutrition information, dietary diversity, and shortfall food groups among in-school adolescents in Mokola, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria. Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study involved 360 in-school adolescents selected using a multistage sampling technique. The data, which included sociodemographic characteristics, access to nutrition information and dietary intake, were obtained using a semi-structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire. Dietary intake was assessed using a 24-hour recall approach to determining dietary diversity using Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO)’s Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women procedure. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 15.5±2.3 years, and 58.1% were females. Only 5.4% had access to information on healthy eating. The minimum dietary diversity score during the previous 24 hours was 5.41±1.3, and only 46.5% of the respondents met the minimum dietary diversity for women. Shortfall food groups included nuts and seeds (4.1%), dairy foods (6.1%), pulses (7.2%), fruits (10.3%), other vegetables (10.3%), and eggs (15.3%). Conclusion: Poor access to nutrition information and low dietary diversity were observed among in-school adolescents in Mokola, Ibadan, Nigeria. Policymakers should strengthen the educational system to promote active learning of healthy eating and improve access to the varieties of foods and snacks made from the shortfall food groups.
Achieving food security in Nigeria 2050
(College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria, 2019) Sanusi, R. A.; Samuel, F. O.; Ariyo, O.; Eyinla, T. E.
The Problems/Issues: The level of food insecurity as of now in Nigeria is higher. The consequences in term of morbidity, mortality, malnutrition rates and epidemiological statistics are summarily high. While food production is inadequate and food export bill is rising, population and therefore demand is and will continue to rise. Several agricultural and related policies exist; however if concerted effort is not put in place now and strategies designed and developed, food security in Nigeria by 2050 will be at a very low and problematic level, affecting not only health but economy and social order. The Plan of actions: Strategies to increase food production, food processing and preservation, strategic grain/food reserves, market and access, food price control, matching income with inflation rates, involving public-private partnerships, cottage industries enabling environment need to be adopted, adapted, and coordinated to ensure food security on a long term, sustainable basis. A food cabinet similar to a war cabinet under the Presidency is recommended for success. Conclusions: Planning is a first step in the right direction, however effective, efficient and measurable success depends on political will, adequate funding, prioritization, in-built strategies for sustainability, monitoring and evaluation. Security will guarantee not only food and nutrition security but also health and economic security.
Adequacy of nutrients intakes among pregnant Women in Ibadan, Nigeria
(African Journals Online, 2010) Ariyo, O.; Omosebi, M. O.
Action to reduce infant and child mortality must incorporate maternal health including ensured adequate nutrients intakes before and during pregnancy. Adequate nutrition during pregnancy is a strong determinant of pregnancy outcome as well as the health, well being, development and quality of life of the unborn child. This study is crosssectional in design and evaluated the adequacy of nutrients intakes of Nigerian pregnant women. 72 pregnant women attending ante-natal care clinic had their nutrients intakes assessed using a structured 24-hour dietary recall questionnaire. The age of the respondents ranged from 17 to 45 years with a mean of 26.4±4.1 years and the gestational age ranged from 12 to 36 weeks with a mean of 28.5±3.6weeks. Percentages RDA met in the first trimester of pregnancy were 135.5%, 82.6%, 84.5% and 40.0% for energy, protein, iron and calcium respectively. In the second trimester of pregnancy, percentages met were 145.4%, 82.6%, 89.3% and 43.5%. The respondents in the third trimester of pregnancy met 138.7% of the energy RDA while percentages protein, iron and calcium met were 77.4%, 76.5%, and 57.5% respectively. There were inadequacies in all the nutrients evaluated except in energy intake. The result calls for the need to increase nutrition education/counseling among women of child bearing age. Efforts should be increased to ensure adequate nutrients intakes among pregnant women.
Amelioration of heavy metals in beverages using eggshell adsorbent: a potential novel approach for improving the quality of beverages
(Faculty of Agriculture, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, 2021) Okareh, O. T.; Ariyo, O.; Ibobo, A. J.
Available methods of eliminating the heavy metal ions from beverages are either unsuitable or costly. This study was aimed to produce a low-cost eggshell adsorbent for the removal of Pb, Cd and Cr in beverages. Five common beverages: Action Bitters (AB), Coca Cola Coke (CCK), Orijin Bitters (OB), Stout (S) and Challot Blue (CB) were sampled and evaluated for adsorbent dosage and contact time. Optimum adsorbent dose of 0.25 g/25 mL and contact time of 90 minutes were obtained. Beverage samples were wet digested and analysed for Pb, Cd, Cr and phytochemical composition using standard methods. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and t-test at p=0.05. Four beverage samples had high Pb and Cr concentrations. Percentage adsorption (%) of Pb and Cr in AB, CCK, OB, S and CB were (4.67; -217.78), (1.69; 95.53), (9.80; 82.79), (85.37; 95.53), and (0.00; -277.78), respectively. Major phytochemicals in treated and original beverages were flavanoids, cardiac glycosides, anthraquinones, terpenoids, steroids, phenol, alkaloids, tannins and saponins. The saponins level in the untreated beverages (0.0920 g) was significantly higher compared to (0.0370 g) in the treated beverage. Eggshell could be a viable low-cost adsorbent for the amelioration of heavy metals in some beverages.
Anti-hyperglycemic effect of cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifollium) corm in alloxan-induced diabetic albino rats
(Academic Journals, 2016) Folasire, O. F.; Oridupa, O. A.; Owolabi, A. J.; Adepoju, O. T.
Diabetes mellitus constitutes a global public health concern and dietary approach is key to the control and prevention of lethal complications. This study investigated the hypoglycemic and anti-hyperglycemic effects of Xanthosoma sagittifolium-incorporated diets in normoglycemic and alloxan induced diabetic rats. Seventy normoglycemic male Wistar strain albino rats (120 to 200 g) were divided into two groups of thirty-five each. Group 1 was randomly distributed into seven subgroups and each subgroup assigned to 100% rat pellets, X. sagittifolium-incorporated rat pellet (25, 50 and 75%), 100% X. sagittifolium, 100% X. sagittifolium + Glibenclamide (oral hypoglycaemic agent for treatment of diabetes) or 100% rat pellets + Glibenclamide. Diabetes was induced in Group 2 rats fasted for 12 h by intraperitoneal injection of Alloxan (100 mg/kg body weight). Initial fasting blood glucose levels (BGL) were recorded, and alloxan-treated rats with BGL >200 mg/dl 48 h post-induction were considered diabetic and divided into seven subgroups. Dietary treatment was carried out, and blood glucose level (BGL) monitored for 14 days. Data obtained were analyzed using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s post-hoc test at p< 0.05. X. sagittifolium caused a significant reduction in the BGL of alloxan-induced diabetic rats (p0.05) but no hypoglycemic effect in normoglycemic rats. Rats fed 25% (BGL:165.2±16.9 mg/dl), 50% (BGL: 189.2±15.9 mg/dl) and 75% (BGL:152.0±23.0 mg/dl) X. sagittifolium showed better control of BGL by 24 h post-prandial compared with rats administered glibenclamide (BGL: 195.0±18.6 mg/dl) and 100% X. sagittifolium (BGL: 221.0±17.0 mg/dl). Rats fed 75% (BGL: 118.4±11.0 mg/dl) or 100% (BGL: 97.0±17.1 mg/dl) X. sagittifolium had better controlled BGL compared with rats fed pellets and pellets + glibenclamide (BGL: 154.2±19.8 mg/dl) on day 7. X. sagittifolium corm has an antihyperglycemic effect, and its consumption should be encouraged among diabetic patients as a good replacement for other high-calorie diets.
Assessment of barriers and promoters for the adoption of Orange-fleshed sweet Potato in Kano State, Nigeria
(Nutrition Society of Nigeria, 2023) Ibrahim, D.; Abubakar, S. M.; Brai, B. I. C.; Ariyo, O.; Ajieroh, V.; Owolabi, A. J.
Background and Objectives: Vitamin A deciency (VAD) slows recovery from illnesses and increases the severity of infections like measles and diarrhoeal disease. Vitamin A deciency affects about 30% of children less than 5 years of age in Nigeria. The use of β- carotene biofortied Orange-eshed sweet potato (OFSP) has been recognised as one of the effective, food-based, and nutrition-sensitive agricultural approaches to improve vitamin A intakes. However, the adoption of this biofortied crop merits further study. This research assessed knowledge, attitude and adoption of OFSP among farmers in Kano State. Methods: Data were collected using questionnaire and focus group discussions (FGDs) from 125 respondents from farmers and consumers, in-depth interview was done with stakeholders in ministry of Health and Agriculture, eHealth and CIP, these were selected through purposive and simple random sampling. Mean, frequencies and percentages of data collected were analysed using SPSS (version 22). Results: The questionnaire result shows that OFSP acceptance was <30%, Choice preference showed that majority of farmers and consumers valued the WFSP more than the OFSP. The FGD's result indicates that the factors for promotion of adoption of OFSP include; availability of market niche, affordability, access to OFSP vines, pleasant taste and texture, sensitization on OFSP benets, resistance to pest, improve shelf life and promotion of local vines production system while barriers are the counteracts of the above mentioned. Conclusion: The level of adoption of OFSP in Kano State appeared low (<30%) among the respondents. This calls for efforts in addressing the barriers for the adoption of OFSP.
Assessment of energy and selected nutrient intakes, Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) and body composition of female adolescents
(Nutrition Society of Nigeria, 2002) Cole, A. H.; Tomori, O. F.; Odunbaku, S. O.; Aminu, F. T.
There have been scanty reports on the adolescences' energy intake (EI), selected nutrients intake (SNI) and body composition (BC) in the subjects of developing countries. The relationship between El and BC in adolescence is important because the adolescence years are periods of great physical and emotional changes during which a child develops and enters adulthood Cole et. al. (1997). The aims of the present study were first to obtain information on El, SNI and BC of thirty four apparently healthy Nigerian female adolescents aged 11-17 years residing in a residential institutionalized boarding school and to compare the information obtained with international standards or with other countries in the industrialized world. The food intake (FI) of the individual subjects was assessed b direct weighing for seven consecutive days including weekends, and its energy value (EV) was determined by means of ballistic bomb calorimeter. Basal metabolic rate (BMR) values were calculated according to standard equations of Food and Agriculture Organization. World Health Organization/United Nations University FAO/WHO/UNU, (1985). Percentage total body using population specific equations. The subjects means daily El was found to be 6.9 MJ/d or 0 15 My/kg body weight, which is lower than the calculated energy requirements (ER) of 8.8. Mj/d for female adolescents aged 12-14 years FAO/WHO/UNU, (1985). The contributions of the specific nutrients and cach meal to the total El were carbohydrate, protein and fat 13.0, 17.0 and 10.0% and breakfast. lunch and supper 20.5, 56.4 and 23.1% of energy. However, the mean BMR was 5.5 Mj/d, which is comparable with that given by FAO/WHO/UNU, (1985) for female adolescents aged 13-14 years and that reported by Cole et al., (1997) for female adolescents aged 11-17 years. The mean TBF % was found to be 22.2 and the mean body mass index (BMI kg/m2) was 19.2 kg/m2 respectively. The study shows that the comparatively low mean El of the female adolescents in the present study may be indicative of energy deficiency in their meals. This assumption is also reflected in their BC values Therefore, the study suggests more extensive studies in Nigerian population of El, energy expenditure (EE) and BC, which take into account differences in methodology, social status, education, age, sex. ethnicity and geographical region.
Assessment of Nutrient Intake among Rural Farming Households in Imo State, Nigeria
(Nutrition Society of Nigeria, 2022) Bede, E. N.; Uwandu, C. N.; Ariyo, O.; Odoemenam, E. F.; Odega, E. E.; Ojo, T. J.
Background: Adequate nutrient intake is one of the key promoters of good health. An inadequate diet, poor in both quantity and quality constitutes the major reason for high level of malnutrition among farming households. Objective: The study assessed nutrient intake among rural farming households in Imo State, Nigeria. Methods: A four-staged sampling technique was used to select a total of 122 farming households in Imo state. Purposively, caregivers in each of the selected households were interviewed. Analysis of nutrient intake was performed using Food Processor Software version 11.7.1, while all statistical analysis were performed using SPSS version 23.0. Usual nutrient intake of the farming households' caregivers were compared with the Dietary Reference Intake (DRI). Caregivers' anthropometric parameters were obtained using standard instruments. Results: Averagely, households' breadwinner's monthly income, years spent in education by households caregivers, and household size were N45000±33500, 12.99±2.53, and 5±2 respectively. Almost half (51.6%) of the households' caregivers had normal weight. Average contribution of protein, fat and carbohydrate to the total energy intake were adequate for the households' caregivers. Compared to recommendations, all the caregivers aged 19-30 years had inadequate intakes of vitamins D and K. Over 83.0% of the households' caregivers aged 31-50 years had inadequate intake of calcium. However, more than 78.0% of the households' caregivers in each of the age group had excess intake of copper. Conclusion: The study therefore concludes that mean intake of potassium, calcium, vitamins D and K for the farming households in the study area were inadequate, while protein intake was adequate.
Awareness, Perception and Constraints to Consumption of Pro-Vitamin A Cassava Foods among Women of Reproductive Age in Ikire, Nigeria
(Faculty of Agriculture, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 2023) Ariyo, O.; Oladejo, E. O.; Atojoko, M. A.
Pro-vitamin A cassava was introduced to Nigeria since 2011; however, the consumption remains low. Increased consumption of pro-vitamin A cassava foods can complement other vitamin A deficiency control initiatives. The study was designed to assess the awareness, perception and constraints to consumption of provitamin A cassava foods among women of reproductive age in rural and urban areas of Ikire, Nigeria. The cross-sectional study involved 200 women aged 15-49 years (100 each), selected using a three-stage sampling procedure. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire including awareness, perception, and constraints to biofortified cassava products consumption. Data were analyzed using frequencies, percentages and Chi square test at p < 0.05. Age of respondents was 31.50±9.30 years and 27.00±9.80 years among rural and urban respondents, respectively. More respondents from rural (22%) than urban areas (2%) had no formal education. More respondents from urban than rural had ever heard (55%; 53%), seen (49%; 43%), tasted (40%; 29%), were aware of the benefits (36%; 9%), and had ever consumed (20%; 16%) biofortified cassava foods, respectively. Acceptability of colour (29%; 24%), taste (27%; 20%), aroma/flavour (26%; 20%), and texture (26%; 18%) was higher in rural than urban areas, respectively. Only 12% and 2% of urban and rural respondents considered pro-vitamin A cassava foods affordable. Rural/urban variation exists in awareness and perception of pro-vitamin A cassava foods, however, knowledge of their benefits and perceived affordability remain major constraints in both areas. A multi-faceted approach to promote nutrition education and policy support for increased affordability are recommended.
Awareness, practices and perspectives on ensuring access to ideally packaged iodized salt in Nigeria
(Elsevier, 2023) Ariyo, O.; Akintimehin, O.; Taiwo, A. F.
Salt iodization is a positive exemplar of a sustainable public-private partnership in promoting better nutrition outcomes in many countries. However, the gains in the past decades are gradually being eroded, following laxity in policy implementation, monitoring and regulatory roles resulting in increasing access to non-labelled salt in the Nigerian market. This study was designed to evaluate the awareness, practices and perspectives on salt iodization and regulations among salt marketers and consumers in Ibadan, Oyo state. This mixed-method study was carried out in seven major markets across Ibadan metropolis. A three-stage sampling technique was used to select 77 salt users/clients, 103 salt vendors, 12 salt wholesalers and four regulators/producers. Interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect information on types/brands of salt, handling, retail practices, awareness, and salt purchase preference. Structured in-depth interview was used to elicit information on existing regulations, compliance level, and monitoring activities. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse quantitative data. Interviews were tape-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analyzed thematically. Males constituted 66.7%, 1.0% and 14.3% of respondents among wholesalers, retail vendors, and clients, respectively, with 100.0%, 58.3% and 84.4% having at least primary education. All wholesalers and 30.1% of retail vendors used shaded structure. About 67% of the wholesalers and 58.3% of the retailers sold branded salt. Clients’ basis for the use of non-branded salt included cheapness and greater quantity (54.5%), higher intensiveness/ saltiness and greater quantity (22.1%), and cheaper cost (18.2%). Only 3% of the consumers were aware of mandatory salt iodization, 3.9% were aware of guidelines on salt marketing and only 18.2% handled salt safely. Safe handling practices were found among all wholesalers and 44.7% of the retailers. Qualitative findings revealed the existence of regulation on the production, packing and marketing of salts in Nigeria, however, enforcement and monitoring at the market level is weak. The demand and use of industrial salt in food preparation remain widespread among consumers in Ibadan, Nigeria following limited awareness of salt iodization programme and its benefits. Regulations on salt marketing should be enforced at all levels and nutrition education on salt iodization should be intensified.
Barriers and facilitators of early initiation of breastfeeding Practice In Imo State: findings from the perception of Mothers and Health Workers
(Nutrition Society of Nigeria, 2023) Chima-Onumajuru, A. P.; Ariyo, O.; Kawu, A.; Samuel, F. O.; Owolabi, A. J.
Background and Objectives: Despite the well-known benets of breastfeeding, many barriers hinder its early initiation, and several facilitators promote it. Understanding these barriers and facilitators is crucial to promote optimal practice. Objectives: This research explored the determinants of early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF), highlighting the factors that affect the decision-making process of mothers and healthcare providers in Imo state, Nigeria. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved purposive sampling of 66 mother-child pairs and 10 health workers across four primary healthcare centres in Imo state. Semi-structured individual interviews and focus group discussions were used to explore the determinants of the practice of early initiation of breastfeeding. Qualitative data (transcripts) were analysed using the QDAMiner Lite software. Thematic analysis involving organizing, and summarizing qualitative data was adopted and codes were used to classify text excerpts into their appropriate categories. Results: Summarily, mothers and health workers pointed out the following positive determinants: baby crying; educating the mothers on EIBF; support from midwives; training of health workers; health workers' knowledge of EIBF. They also pointed out the following barriers: delayed breast milk ow; lack of knowledge on the subject matter; mother and mother-in-law inuence; mother's health status; mother's personal belief; no support from midwives; delivery via cesarean section; no record of EIBF; lack of training; and poor motivation. Conclusions: The results show how vital the understanding of the concept and benets of EIBF facilitates its practice from the perspective of mothers and health workers. Continuous investments to train health workers who in turn teach mothers should be prioritized.
Board-game based nutrition education enhanced breakfast habit of in-school adolescents in Ile-Ife, Nigeria
(Ibadan Biomedical Communications Group, 2022) Ariyo, O.; Leshi, O. O.; Adedipe, E. O.; Aleru, O. O.
This study was designed to assess the effect of board game-based nutrition education on breakfast knowledge, attitude and habit of in-school adolescents in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. The quasi-experimental study involved 360 in-school adolescents assigned into Participatory Experimental (PEG), Experimental (EG) and Control groups (CG) of 120 each. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect information on respondents’ basic characteristics as well as knowledge, attitude and practices on breakfast consumption. A ‘Breakfast Master’ board game, developed with PEG was used for a 3-week intervention period among the experimental groups. Knowledge was assessed using 11-point scale, categorized as good (≥9) or poor (<9). Attitude was assessed using 50-point scale, categorized as positive (≥34) or negative (<34). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA at p=0.05. Age of adolescents (CG:13.3±2.2years, PEG:13.9±2.4years, EG: 13.0±2.4years) was similar. Females constituted 55% in CG, 50.9% in PEG and 54.2% in EG, respectively. Change in adolescents with good knowledge (60.8-61.7%, 80.0-94.2%, and 85.8-92.5%) and attitudes (-10.9%, 11.7% and 5.8%) was significant in CG, PEG and EG, respectively. Regular breakfast intake increased from 45.0-42.5%, 70.0-74.1%, and 56.7-70.0%, in CG, PEG, and EG, respectively. Consumption of staple foods during breakfast and proper timing of breakfast meals increased in interventions groups. Board-game based nutrition education enhanced breakfast habit among in-school adolescents and the use of participatory approach in development of intervention tool heightened knowledge, attitude and practice change.
Breakfast practice and anthropometric characteristics of school age children in Oyo metropolis, Oyo state, Nigeria
(Society for Public Health Professionals of Nigeria (SPHPN), 2019) Ariyo, O.; Leshi, O. O.; Leshi, O.; Kayode, I. S.
Background: Information on current gaps in the breakfast practice is important to design appropriate intervention message and strategies to promote appropriate breakfast practices among school age children. Objective: This study was therefore designed to assess the breakfast practice and anthropometric characteristics of school age children in Oyo metropolis, Nigeria. Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study involved 1038 public school pupils selected using a three-stage sampling technique across Oyo metropolis, southwest Nigeria.A semi-structured, intervieweradministered questionnaire was used to elicit information on the socio-demographic characteristics and breakfast consumption of the pupils. Height and weight were assessed and analysed using standard procedure. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics at p<0.05. Results: Age was 11.18±4.7 years, 54.3% were females, 16.9% were underweight and 5.5% were overweight/obese.The rates of breakfast intake and skipping were 91.5% and 8.5%, respectively. About 95% of pupilsconsumed breakfast before the 9.00amand92.2% had satisfaction with breakfast intake. About 49% had experienced hunger pang in school, of which 72.8% usually occurred between the 11:00am and 1.00pm of the day. Most pupils (94.2%) had access to school living allowance, and most purchased item was drinks and beverages (52.0%). The predominant breakfast meals were rice(61.5%), beans (31.2%) and bread (9.5%). Conclusion: Breakfast habit among school age children in Oyo metropolis was characterized by low but unacceptable level of meal skipping, low intake of fruits, seeds and nuts, and animal based foods including eggs and dairy products.
Calcium knowledge and consumption pattern of calcium-rich foods among female University students in south-west Nigeria
(Science and Education Publishing, 2017) Folasire, O. F.; Akinrinde, E. V.
Calcium plays a vital role in the prevention of Osteoporosis; Peak bone mass is attained in the early years of life before 30 years. The study assessed the calcium knowledge and consumption pattern of calcium-rich foods by female University students. This cross-sectional study involved 400 randomly selected female undergraduate students of the University of Ibadan, Nigeria. Information collected included; socio demography/economy, the source of calcium information and 20-calcium knowledge questions from literature. Consumption pattern of calcium-rich foods was assessed with a modified food frequency questionnaire. Our study showed mean age was 19.8 ± (2.2) years; calcium knowledge score was 10.1(±3.7). Half (51.5%) of the respondents had good knowledge about calcium, while 48.5% had poor knowledge. The majority (47.3%) of the respondents got information on calcium from academic sources, 14.0% from family/friends, about 7.0% from health personnel and 1.0% from the media. Only 18.4% frequently consumed milk/dairy products, about 20% frequently consumed calcium-rich fish and fish products, while 8.9% and 5.8% frequently consumed legumes/nuts and fruits/vegetables that are rich sources of calcium. Receiving calcium information from academic sources was associated with significantly higher calcium knowledge scores (X2 =9.535, p=0.002). Having lower calcium knowledge was significantly associated with infrequent consumption of spinach (X2 =5.227, p=0.022) and okra (X2 =6.337, p=0.012). The respondents that received calcium information from non-academic sources (family/friends, health personnel, media) were 0.6 times less likely to have good calcium knowledge, (OR=0.548, 95% C.I. =0.316 to 0.951, p=0.033). A high percentage of the respondents had poor calcium knowledge, infrequently consumed calcium-rich foods and were not knowledgeable about the role of calcium in the prevention of osteoporosis. Thus, there is a need to intensify calcium education interventions through the non-academic avenues, especially the media.
Calcium nutriture of Nigerian elderly in Ibadan South east local government
(Wilolud Journals, 2012) Ariyo, O.; Keshinro, O. O.; Akinyemi, A. O.
Calcium is an important mineral in human health, adequate intake is associated with higher bone mineral density, reduced risks of osteoporosis, fractures and falls among the elderly. This study assessed the adequacy of calcium intake and relationship with incidences of bone aches and fractures. 150 elderly people from 100 households selected by cluster sampling technique in Ibadan South East Local Government constituted the study population. Dietary assessment was conducted using 24-hour dietary recall and analysed for calcium intake. Consumption pattern was assessed using food frequency questionnaire, blood pressure was taken using aneroid sphygmomanometer, lifestyles and sociodemographic characteritics were obtained using a semi-structured questionnaire. The mean calcium intake was 1569.8±1209.8mg diaggregated as 1782.4±1353.4mg in males and 1432.0±1092.6mg in females. 39.3% disaggregrated as 44.1% in males and 36.3% in females, met the recommended intakes of 1500mg/day. Roots and tubers were the most consumed food, followed by vegetables and then cereals and grains. Milk and dairy as well as fish and meat products were the least consumed foods. 47.3% rarely consumed milk and dairy products and 42.7% rarely consumed fish and meat products throughout the week. 56.7% had normal diastolic blood pressure and 64.7% had normal systolic pressure. 65.3% reported havin pains and bone aches, sites of pain were back (44.7%), knee and ankle (9.3%), hip joint (6.7%), and wrist (4.7%). There were no significant differences (p>0.05) in the calcium intake by age, systolic blood pressure and incidence of bone pains and aches. However, income and the diastolic blood pressure showed significant relationship (p>0.05) with calcium intake. The results show that many elderly Nigerians have inadequate calcium intake, however, calcium intake does not affect incidence of pains and aches. There is a need to promote increased consumption of calcium rich foods.
Comparative study on nutrient composition, phytochemical, and functional characteristics of raw, germinated, and fermented Moringa oleifera seed flour
(Wiley Periodicals, Inc., 2013) Ijarotimi, O. S.; Adeoti, O. A.; Ariyo, O.
Moringa oleifera seeds were processed as raw M. oleifera (RMO), germinated M. oleifera (GMO), and fermented M. oleifera (FMO), and were evaluated for proximate, minerals, amino acids, fatty acids, phytochemicals/antinutrients, and functional properties. Protein content of GMO (23.69 0.11 g/100 g) was higher than FMO (21.15 0.08 g/100 g) and that of RMO (18.86 0.09 g/ 100 g) (P < 0.05), respectively. Energy value of FMO (465.32 0.48 kcal) was higher than GMO (438.62 0.12 kcal) and that of RMO (409.04 1.61 kcal), respectively. Mineral contents in GMO were significantly higher in iron, sodium, potassium, magnesium, and copper, while FMO were higher in calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium, and both were significantly lower than those in RMO (P < 0.05). Total essential amino acids (TEAAs) in FMO (31.07 mg/g crude protein) were higher than in GMO (26.52 mg/g crude protein), and were higher than that in RMO (23.56 mg/g crude protein). Linoleic acid (58.79 0.02– 62.05 0.01 g/100 g) and behenic acid (0.13 0.00–0.20 0.06 g/100 g) were the predominant and least fatty acids, respectively. Phytochemical/antinutrient compositions in FMO samples were significantly lower than GMO, and both were significantly lower when compared with RMO samples (P < 0.05). The bulk density (pack and loose), foaming capacity, swelling capacity, and water absorption capacity (WAC) of FMO were significantly higher than those of GMO, and there was no significant difference between GMO and RMO samples. The study established that fermentation processing methods increased the protein content, essential amino acid, and polyunsaturated fatty acid profiles, and reduced antinutrient compositions of M. oleifera seed than germination processing techniques; hence, fermentation techniques should be encouraged in processing moringa seeds in food processing.
Contribution of Adequate Nutrition in Cognitive development in Children
(Alexander von Humboldt (AvH), 2018) Ariyo, O.
Adequate nutrition is essential to ensure health, well-being, productivity and active life. In addition, it is a major determinant of intellectual development, yet the burden of malnutrition in its diverse forms remains high in Asia and Africa. Though many programmes exist to address this burden, some are particularly focused on the sensitive window of opportunity to give children healthy start in life. This paper attempts to summarise the contribution of adequate nutrition to cognitive development and discuss some of the programmes that are in place to reduce this burden. The first 1000 days of life is widely considered as particularly crucial following the milestone sequential development of the various brain tissues and neurons. This period emphasises the need to promote adequate nutrition prior, during and post pregnancy. Optimal infant and young child feeding practices should be promoted. Although several nutrients are important for healthy neurodevelopment, protein, zinc, iron, folate, iodine, vitamins A, D, B., and B; and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids have specific roles at different phases of neurodevelopment. Consequently, inadequate supply of these nutrients early in life may cause life-long deficits in brain function. In Nigeria several multi-sector programmes are being implemented and some of these reflexively promote neurodevelopment in the first 1000 days of life. Some of these programmes include essential nutrition actions, infant and young child feeding, maternal, newborn and child health week, salt iodisation, food fortification, bio- fortification, supplementation programmes, nutrition education among others.
Determinants of anthropometric characteristics of under-five children in internally displaced persons´ camps in Abuja municipal area council, Abuja, Nigeria
(African Field Epidemiology Network (AFENET), 2020) Idowu, S. O.; Akindolire, A. E.; Adebayo, B. E.; Adebayo, A. M.; Ariyo, O.
Introduction: displacement predisposes to deprivation and hunger and consequently malnutrition. In Nigeria, information on anthropometric characteristics and associated factors among displaced under-five children is important to strengthen strategies to ameliorate malnutrition and promote child health. This study was conducted to identify the determinants of anthropometric indices among under-five children in internally displaced persons’ camps in Abuja, Nigeria. Methods: this cross-sectional study involved 317 mother-child (0-59 months) pairs selected using two-stage simple random sampling technique. Information on socio-demographic, care practices (infant feeding, immunization, deworming) and anthropometric characteristics of index children was obtained using semi-structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire. Weight and length/height were assessed using standard procedure and analysed using World Health Organization (WHO) Anthro software. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression at p<0.05. Results: median age was 24 months, 50.8% were male and 42.3% were delivered at health facility. Only 45.4% were exclusively breastfed, 28.8% were fed complementary foods too early, 45.4% were dewormed in the preceding six months and 43.9% had complete/up-to-date immunisation. Prevalence of underweight, stunting and wasting was 42%, 41% and 29.3%, respectively. Poor anthropometric indices were higher among male than female children, except wasting. Having good anthropometric index was 2.5 times higher among children <12 months than children ≥37 months (CI: 1.08-5.8), 2.4 times higher among 1st birth orders than 5th order (CI: 0.19-0.93), 1.7 times higher among female than male children (CI: 1.08-2.82). Conclusion: malnutrition is a major health problem among under-five children in internally displaced camps and major determinants include age, birth order, gender and deworming status.
Determinants of appropriate complementary feeding practices among women with children aged 6-23 months in Iseyin, Nigeria
(Complementary feeding, Minimum adequate diet, Minimum dietary diversity, Minimum meal frequency, Nigeria, 2021) Ariyo, O.; Aderibigbe, O. R.; Ojo, T. J.; Sturm, O. H.
Malnutrition and poor complementary feeding are more predominant in rural than urban areas. Yet, little attention has been given to these discrepancies and the use of validated composite index to explore determinants of complementary feeding practices. Hence, this study was aimed at identifying the determinants of appropriate complementary feeding practices among mothers with children aged 6-23 months in Iseyin, Nigeria. A community based cross sectional survey involving 390 mother-child dyads was con- ducted using a three-stage simple random sampling. Information on household sociode- mographic characteristics, complementary feeding practices, 24-hour dietary intake and anthropometric characteristics of youngest child in the household were obtained using a semi-structured questionnaire. Complementary feeding indicators and anthropometric in- dices were estimated using the 2008 World Health Organization recommendations and WHO Anthro, respectively. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and logistic re- gression at p < 0.05. Mothers’ mean age was 28.7 ±5.6 years, 99.4% were married, and 92.1% attended ante- natal care sessions. Mean age of children was 14.5 ±5.1 months, 56.2% were male and 31.0% were firstborn. Of all the children, 72.3% had timely introduction of complemen- tary food, 17.7% had minimum dietary diversity, 46.9% had minimum meal frequency and 14.9% had minimum acceptable diet. Grains, root and tubers (91.3%) constituted the mostly consumed complementary foods. Overall, only 10.0% of children had appropriate comple- mentary feeding; child’s age, birth order and mother’s income were determinants of ap- propriate complementary feeding. Appropriate complementary feeding practices remain very low and this is influenced by the child’s age, birth order and mother’s income.
Dietary diversity and anthropometric characteristics of in-school adolescents in the university of Ibadan community
(Food basket foundation, 2015) Samuel, F. O.; Adetunmbi, A. J.; Ariyo, O.
Adolescence presents a window of opportunity to prepare nutritionally for a healthy adult life, hence exploring the synergy between dietary diversity and anthropometric parameters is important to help inform appropriate health promoting dietary interventions in this age group. The study was designed to assess the dietary diversity and its relation to nutritional status of in-school adolescents in University of Ibadan community, Nigeria. This descriptive cross-sectional study involved 440 in-school adolescents selected using simple random sampling from a private (223) and a public secondary school (217) located within the university. Data on sociodemographic characteristics and dietary pattern were collected using a semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire. Dietary intake was assessed using multiple-pass 24-hour recall. Dietary diversity score (DDS) was computed based on 14 food groups and categorized as low (<4), moderate (4-6) and high (>6). Weight and height were measured and analysed using WHO Anthro-plus software. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and chi-square at p=0.05. Female respondents constituted 55.7%, about 57% of all respondents were aged 14-17 years. Meal skipping was common (62.3%), higher in the private (70.4%) than the public schools (53.9%), while overweight and obesity were more prevalent in the private school (28.7%). On the other hand, mean DDS was higher in the public (5.55±0.9) than the private school (4.72±1.0) while overall, 6.6% had low DDS; more in private (11.2%) than public schools. Dietary diversity was significantly associated with BMI for age as low DDS found to be higher among the obese (17.6%) and overweight (12.3%) adolescents. The adolescents in the public school appeared to have better diversity in their dietary intake. Dietary diversity score was associated with anthropometric characteristics of the adolescents irrespective of being in the public or private school. Further investigation is hereby recommended to understand the pathway of this association.