Scholarly works in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
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Item Evaluation of the sub-chronic toxicity profile of the corm of Xanthosoma sagittifolium on hematology and biochemistry of alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar rats(De Gruyter, 2017) Oridupa O. A.; Folasire, O. F.; Owolabi, A. J.Background: Hematological and biochemical changes associated with diabetes mellitus and probable reversal were assessed in alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar rats fed with varied percentages of Xanthosoma sagittifolium corm feed (Xs). The changes were compared to normoglycemic rats and diabetic rats treated with glibenclamide. Methods: The study had eight groups in all with group 8 (control) consisting of five normoglycemic rats fed with normal rat pellets (Nrp). Diabetes was experimentally induced by intraperitoneal injection of alloxan to normoglycemic rats. Diabetic rats (serum glucose >200 mg/dL) at 48h postinjection were randomly divided into the seven groups, each diabetic group consisting of five rats. One group was untreated and fed with Nrp, four groups were fed with 25 %, 50 %, 75 % or 100 % Xs, one group was fed with 100 % Xs and administered with glibenclamide, while a 7th group was fed with Nrp and administered with glibenclamide. Results: This study shows that treatment of diabetes with corm of X. sagittifolium increases cellular response to inflammation which is required for body defense against assaulting agents. Decreased serum protein levels observed in untreated diabetic rats were restored in diabetic rats fed with X. sagittifolium corm with particular increase in serum albumin levels but depression of globulin fraction, except in rats fed with X. sagittifolium feed and administered with glibenclamide. X. sagittifolium showed a potent antihyperglycemic effect and corrected the dyslipidemia in a manner comparable to that observed for glibenclamide. Although HDL levels were still low, significant (p <0.05) decrease of LDL levels was a positive indicator of reduced risk for development of cardiovascular and/or coronary heart disease. Conclusions: X. sagittifolium corm can be recommended for inclusion in diets of diabetics without causing further deterioration of health of the diabetic patients.Item Effect of traditional treatment of diabetes mellitus with Xanthosoma sagittifolium on the male reproductive system of Alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar rats(Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2017) Oridupa, O. A.; Folasire, O. F.; Owolabi, A. J.; Aina, O.Introduction: The management of diabetes mellitus (DM) targets glycemic control as well as prevention or reversal of other complications associated with the metabolic disorder. One of such complications is the infertility which has been traced to oxidative stress and DNA damage caused by DM. Subjects and methods: In this study, experimentally-induced diabetic male Wistar rats were fed with Xanthosoma sagittifolium (cocoyam) for 14 days and its effect on sperm morphology and characteristics, as well as histology of the testes were assessed. X. sagittifolium corm feed (Xs) were reconstituted with commercial rat feed to contain 25, 50, 75 or 100% X. sagittifolium on a weight/weight basis. Result: One primary and 7 secondary cell abnormalities were observed with overall increased total abnormal sperm cells in the diabetic rats. Sperm cell motility was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in all diabetic rats, but diabetic rats fed with Xs showed increased motility and liveability. Sperm volume was unchanged, but the depressed sperm count in the untreated diabetic rats was increased in Xs-fed rats. Histology of Xs-fed diabetic rats showed reduction in seminiferous tubule diameter and luminal diameter which was significantly enlarged in untreated diabetic rats. Conclusion: X. sagittifolium significantly (p < 0.05) prevented further deterioration of sperm cell quality and reversed cell apoptosis as presented by increased sperm motility, liveability and count. In the overall, the chances of fertilization by sperm cells from diabetic patients will be increased as well as achievement of good glycemic control and prevention of further damage by the disease condition.Item Anti-hyperglycemic effect of cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifollium) corm in alloxan-induced diabetic albino rats(Academic Journals, 2016) Folasire, O. F.; Oridupa, O. A.; Owolabi, A. J.; Adepoju, O. T.Diabetes mellitus constitutes a global public health concern and dietary approach is key to the control and prevention of lethal complications. This study investigated the hypoglycemic and anti-hyperglycemic effects of Xanthosoma sagittifolium-incorporated diets in normoglycemic and alloxan induced diabetic rats. Seventy normoglycemic male Wistar strain albino rats (120 to 200 g) were divided into two groups of thirty-five each. Group 1 was randomly distributed into seven subgroups and each subgroup assigned to 100% rat pellets, X. sagittifolium-incorporated rat pellet (25, 50 and 75%), 100% X. sagittifolium, 100% X. sagittifolium + Glibenclamide (oral hypoglycaemic agent for treatment of diabetes) or 100% rat pellets + Glibenclamide. Diabetes was induced in Group 2 rats fasted for 12 h by intraperitoneal injection of Alloxan (100 mg/kg body weight). Initial fasting blood glucose levels (BGL) were recorded, and alloxan-treated rats with BGL >200 mg/dl 48 h post-induction were considered diabetic and divided into seven subgroups. Dietary treatment was carried out, and blood glucose level (BGL) monitored for 14 days. Data obtained were analyzed using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s post-hoc test at p< 0.05. X. sagittifolium caused a significant reduction in the BGL of alloxan-induced diabetic rats (p0.05) but no hypoglycemic effect in normoglycemic rats. Rats fed 25% (BGL:165.2±16.9 mg/dl), 50% (BGL: 189.2±15.9 mg/dl) and 75% (BGL:152.0±23.0 mg/dl) X. sagittifolium showed better control of BGL by 24 h post-prandial compared with rats administered glibenclamide (BGL: 195.0±18.6 mg/dl) and 100% X. sagittifolium (BGL: 221.0±17.0 mg/dl). Rats fed 75% (BGL: 118.4±11.0 mg/dl) or 100% (BGL: 97.0±17.1 mg/dl) X. sagittifolium had better controlled BGL compared with rats fed pellets and pellets + glibenclamide (BGL: 154.2±19.8 mg/dl) on day 7. X. sagittifolium corm has an antihyperglycemic effect, and its consumption should be encouraged among diabetic patients as a good replacement for other high-calorie diets.Item Barriers and facilitators of early initiation of breastfeeding Practice In Imo State: findings from the perception of Mothers and Health Workers(Nutrition Society of Nigeria, 2023) Chima-Onumajuru, A. P.; Ariyo, O.; Kawu, A.; Samuel, F. O.; Owolabi, A. J.Background and Objectives: Despite the well-known benets of breastfeeding, many barriers hinder its early initiation, and several facilitators promote it. Understanding these barriers and facilitators is crucial to promote optimal practice. Objectives: This research explored the determinants of early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF), highlighting the factors that affect the decision-making process of mothers and healthcare providers in Imo state, Nigeria. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved purposive sampling of 66 mother-child pairs and 10 health workers across four primary healthcare centres in Imo state. Semi-structured individual interviews and focus group discussions were used to explore the determinants of the practice of early initiation of breastfeeding. Qualitative data (transcripts) were analysed using the QDAMiner Lite software. Thematic analysis involving organizing, and summarizing qualitative data was adopted and codes were used to classify text excerpts into their appropriate categories. Results: Summarily, mothers and health workers pointed out the following positive determinants: baby crying; educating the mothers on EIBF; support from midwives; training of health workers; health workers' knowledge of EIBF. They also pointed out the following barriers: delayed breast milk ow; lack of knowledge on the subject matter; mother and mother-in-law inuence; mother's health status; mother's personal belief; no support from midwives; delivery via cesarean section; no record of EIBF; lack of training; and poor motivation. Conclusions: The results show how vital the understanding of the concept and benets of EIBF facilitates its practice from the perspective of mothers and health workers. Continuous investments to train health workers who in turn teach mothers should be prioritized.Item Effect of counselling and text message reminder on the uptake and adherence of iron and folic acid supplements among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Gwagwalada, Abuja(Nutrition Society of Nigeria, 2023) Uwatt, E.; Ariyo, O.; Oloyede, J.; Ezekannagha, O.; Owolabi, A. J.; Brai, B. I. C.; Abubakar, S. M.Background and Objectives: Innovative strategies are required to mitigate poor compliance to iron-folic acid supplementation and associated high burden of anaemia in Nigeria. Objectives: This study was designed to assess how counselling and text message reminders could improve the uptake and adherence to iron-folic acid supplements among Nigerian pregnant women. Methods: The study used a quasi-experimental design with a simple random sampling of 153 respondents equally allocated into three groups; counselling ( A), counselling and text message reminders (B), and control (C). Adherence to the supplements was assessed using pill count and the 8-item Morisky adherence questionnaire. Parametric and nonparametric analyses were utilized to evaluate survey results across the two interventions. Results: Age of respondents (years) was 31.23±5.05, 31.97±5.63 and 26.63±6.25 for Groups A, B and C, respectively. Self-report adherence was 71.96±13.62, 68.02±11.56, and 65.19±11.84 in group B, A and C, respectively. Folic acid adherence was 91.62±7.98, 89.61±8.62, and 88.57±14.10; while iron adherence was 91.29±8.03, 89.36±8.86 and 88.55±14.00 in group B, C and A, respectively. Group A was 2.6 times more likely to have poor folic acid adherence, 4.0 times more likely to have poor iron adherence and 1.6 times more likely to have poor self-report adherence compared to group B. Conclusion: Counselling and text message reminders are more effective than antenatal counselling alone in improving uptake and adherence to iron-folic acid supplements among Nigerian pregnant women. Efforts to prevent iron deciency anaemia among Nigeria women should incorporate counselling and text message reminders to enhance adherence to uptake and adherence to iron-folic acid supplements.Item Assessment of barriers and promoters for the adoption of Orange-fleshed sweet Potato in Kano State, Nigeria(Nutrition Society of Nigeria, 2023) Ibrahim, D.; Abubakar, S. M.; Brai, B. I. C.; Ariyo, O.; Ajieroh, V.; Owolabi, A. J.Background and Objectives: Vitamin A deciency (VAD) slows recovery from illnesses and increases the severity of infections like measles and diarrhoeal disease. Vitamin A deciency affects about 30% of children less than 5 years of age in Nigeria. The use of β- carotene biofortied Orange-eshed sweet potato (OFSP) has been recognised as one of the effective, food-based, and nutrition-sensitive agricultural approaches to improve vitamin A intakes. However, the adoption of this biofortied crop merits further study. This research assessed knowledge, attitude and adoption of OFSP among farmers in Kano State. Methods: Data were collected using questionnaire and focus group discussions (FGDs) from 125 respondents from farmers and consumers, in-depth interview was done with stakeholders in ministry of Health and Agriculture, eHealth and CIP, these were selected through purposive and simple random sampling. Mean, frequencies and percentages of data collected were analysed using SPSS (version 22). Results: The questionnaire result shows that OFSP acceptance was <30%, Choice preference showed that majority of farmers and consumers valued the WFSP more than the OFSP. The FGD's result indicates that the factors for promotion of adoption of OFSP include; availability of market niche, affordability, access to OFSP vines, pleasant taste and texture, sensitization on OFSP benets, resistance to pest, improve shelf life and promotion of local vines production system while barriers are the counteracts of the above mentioned. Conclusion: The level of adoption of OFSP in Kano State appeared low (<30%) among the respondents. This calls for efforts in addressing the barriers for the adoption of OFSP.