scholarly works in Crop Protection & Environmental Biology

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Author: search.filters.author.Adejumo, S. A.Subject: search.filters.subject.Compost

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    Impact of Organic Soil Amendments on Fungal Population and Germination of Maize Seeds in Lead-Contaminated Soil
    (Nigerian Journal of Ecology, 2024) Aduramigba-Modupe, A. O.; Fajemisin, O. A.; Adejumo, S. A.
    Proliferation of industrial and other anthropogenic activities has led to an increase in heavy metal contamination of agricultural soil, elevating the risk of heavy metal (especially, lead) toxicity to all life forms. It is therefore imperative to develop effective bioremediation techniques for soil remediation. Cow dung and compost (Tithonia rotundifolia and poultry droppings) were added at 30 t/ha to lead contaminated soil. Abundance of heavy metal associated fungi in the contaminated soil was determined through pour plate isolation method using Potato Dextrose Agar. The effect of lead contamination and soil amendments was also determined on maize seed germination in the laboratory using Petri dishes in three replications. Heterotrophic fungal count in lead-contaminated soil decreased as Pb concentration increases. The abundance of soil associated fungi declined with an increase in lead concentration. It ranged from 3.2 × 103 to 0.00 CFU/mL in soils containing 0.36 g/kg lead and 63.01 g/kg lead, respectively both amended with cow dung. A. fumigatus, A. flavus, A. nudulans, A. tamarii, A. uvarum and A. terreus were the fungi species isolated from contaminated soil samples. A. fumigatus and A. flavus were the most prominent. A. fumigatus was able to survive at 100% concentration of lead amended with compost, 75% lead concentration amended with cow dung, 25% lead concentration amended with cow dung, and 100% lead concentration without amendment. Percentage germination of maize seeds also decreased with higher concentrations of lead in contaminated soil. High percentage germination (81.81 and 80.00) was observed in the control soil, and on 0.36 g/kg lead-contaminated soil, amended with cow dung, respectively. Organic fertilizers could be adopted to develop an efficient, cost-effective, and readily accessible bioremediation strategy for soil remediation, especially for the production of maize.
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    Growth and yield response of Moringa oleifera (Lam) to different rates, method and timing of compost application.
    (Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Ibadan, 2013) Adejumo, S. A.; Olaleye, O. O.
    Moringa oleifera (L) production is recently being advocated for its outstanding phytochemical components with high medicinal values. However, its production is being threatened with poor soil fertility most especially in urban areas. Field experiment was carried out to determine the effects of time, rate and method of compost application on the growth and yield of Moringa oleifera. Composts made from Mexican sunflower and poultry manure, applied at 2.5t/ha (CI) and 5.0t/ha (C2), with two methods of application (surface; MI and drilling: M2) and applied at different times of application (2 weeks before transplanting: T1 and 2 weeks after transplanting: T2) to give nine treatments (CIMITI, C2MITI, CIMITI, C2M2TI, CIMIT2, C2MIT2, CIM2T2, C2M2T2 and Control). The treatments were arranged using Randomized Complete Blocks Design (RCBD) and replicated three times. Data were collected on vegetative development such as number of leaves, number of branches, stem diameter and plant height formightly for 12 weeks beginning from four weeks after transplanting (4WAT). At 12 weeks, the plants were uprooted and separated into roots, stems and leaves for fresh and dry weights determination. The post-cropping soil analysis was also carried out following standard procedure. Results indicated that compost treatments significantly enhanced growth parameters (P ≤0.05). C2M2T2 was superior to other compost treatments. It gave the highest number of leaves, number of branches. stem diameter and plant height. Fresh weight and dry matter accumulation were also influenced by organic amendment compared to control, Soil analysis result showed that amendment with compost generally increased soil nitrogen, available phosphorus, and organic carbon content of the soil. It could be concluded that 5t/ha of compost, applied after transplanting using drilling method increased the cumulative yield of Moringa oleifera.
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    Field assessment of progressive remediation of soil contaminated with lead-acid battery waste in response to compost application
    (Scientific Research Publishing, 2011) Adejumo, S. A.; Togun, A. O.; Adediran, J. A.; Ogundiran, M. B.
    Addition of compost to heavy metal-contaminated soil has been employed to remediate contamination. Such rectification, however, depends on the type of compost and the contaminant involved. The efficacy of Mexican sunflower (MSC) and Cassava peel (CPC) composts applied at 0, 20 and 40 t/ha as well as inorganic fertilizer (NPK, 20:10:10) (100 kg N/ha) on the remediation of a battery waste-contaminated site in Ibadan, Nigeria was assessed. No compost or NPK fertilizer served as the control. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replicates. Soil analysis before and at 1, 2, 3 and 12 months after compost application was carried out. Mean lead (Pb) concentration (134,000 mg/kg) was high at this site. Twelve months after treatment, MSC and CPC applied at 40 t/ha had reduced the plant available lead concentration in the soil by 69 and 49%, respectively, whereas 20 t/ha had reduced the concentration by 58 and 34%, respectively. The relationships between soil lead and organic matter content (r = -0.75), phosphorous (r = -0.59) and pH (r = -0.77) were negative. NPK fertilizer had a limited effect (7% reduction) on Pb. Application of MSC at 40 t/ha brought about a remarkable reduction in Pb concentration.