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Item A somatic embryogenesis-based system for the production of fluted pumpkin (telfairia occidentalis hook F.) planting materials(The Society for In Vitro Biology, 2015) Awosika, D. O.; Uchendu, E.; Balogun, M. O.; Adetimirin, V. O.Fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis Hook. f.) is traditionally propagated by seeds, which have low viability after pod harvest, low percentage germination, and poor root development and often germinate during storage. The competition between use of seeds for consumption and propagation causes scarcity of propagules, necessitating development of more efficient propagation systems. Efficient protocols were developed for the induction of somatic embryos (SEs) and conversion into plantlets using cotyledons from mature zygotic embryos. This study evaluated the effects of 2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and kinetin (25 combinations) on the induction of SEs, and of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), 2,4-D, and kinetin (7 combinations) on conversion of SEs into plantlets. Significantly more SEs (381.7; p<0.01) were obtained on medium with 0.5 mg l−1 2,4-D and 0.1 mg l−1 kinetin than from the other 24 treatments after 4 wk of cotyledon culture. All SEs were obtained through an intermediary callus. For the production of SE-derived plantlets, treatments with 0.01 mg l−1 IAA and 0.02 mg l−1 kinetin resulted in significantly more shoots and roots than other treatments (p<0.001 for each) and gave 100% conversion of SEs to plantlets. The mean numbers of roots and shoots on this treatment were 3.7 and 1.3, respectively, and the mean shoot length was 2.2 cm. The plantlets had broad leaves and good vigor, similar to the parent cultivar. Nearly all plantlets (98–100%) survived acclimatization. The production of SEs from cotyledons and the high rate of conversion into quality plants will allow development of a mass production system for Telfairia planting material to meet the increasing demand for this crop.Item A somatic embryogenesis-based system for the production of fluted pumpkin (telfairia occidentalis hook F.) planting materials(The Society for In Vitro Biology, 2015) Awosika, D. O.; Uchendu, E.; Balogun, M. O.; Adetimirin, V. O.Fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis Hook. f.) is traditionally propagated by seeds, which have low viability after pod harvest, low percentage germination, and poor root development and often germinate during storage. The competition between use of seeds for consumption and propagation causes scarcity of propagules, necessitating development of more efficient propagation systems. Efficient protocols were developed for the induction of somatic embryos (SEs) and conversion into plantlets using cotyledons from mature zygotic embryos. This study evaluated the effects of 2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and kinetin (25 combinations) on the induction of SEs, and of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), 2,4-D, and kinetin (7 combinations) on conversion of SEs into plantlets. Significantly more SEs (381.7; p<0.01) were obtained on medium with 0.5 mg l−1 2,4-D and 0.1 mg l−1 kinetin than from the other 24 treatments after 4 wk of cotyledon culture. All SEs were obtained through an intermediary callus. For the production of SE-derived plantlets, treatments with 0.01 mg l−1 IAA and 0.02 mg l−1 kinetin resulted in significantly more shoots and roots than other treatments (p<0.001 for each) and gave 100% conversion of SEs to plantlets. The mean numbers of roots and shoots on this treatment were 3.7 and 1.3, respectively, and the mean shoot length was 2.2 cm. The plantlets had broad leaves and good vigor, similar to the parent cultivar. Nearly all plantlets (98–100%) survived acclimatization. The production of SEs from cotyledons and the high rate of conversion into quality plants will allow development of a mass production system for Telfairia planting material to meet the increasing demand for this crop.Item Relative effects of uniconazole-p and other growth regulators on micropropagation ratio of yam (dioscorea spp.) plantlets at different growth phases(Indian Society for Root Crops, 2014) Balogun, M. O.; Ng, S. Y.; Fawole, I.; Shiwachi, H.; Kikuno, H.Scarcity of planting materials, pest and diseases are major constraints to yam production. The tissue culture techniques, meristem culture combined with heat therapy has been used to produce high-yielding virus-tested plantlets of root crops, which are later multiplied through micropropagation. This procedure, however has low regedaration and multiplication rates in yam. We investigated effects of different plant growth regulators on rate of growth of yam plantlets when applied at different growth phases. Three concentrations each of uniconazole-p (UP), gibberellic acid (GA3), jasmonic acid(JA) and naphthalene acetic (NAA) acids were applied at single node and primary nodal complex (PNC) formation phases in a split-plot design using two genotypes each of white and water yam. Number of nodes per plantlet was recorded after 16 weeks. Results showed that number of new nodes varied significantly with genotype by growth phase interaction and the main effect of PGRs. After 16 weeks, the control, 1.7 μM UP and 0.03 μM JA showed highest means of 7, 9 and 8 nodes per plantlet respectively compared to 2-3 nodes in the GA treatments. We demonstrated that 4900, 8100 and 6400 plantlets could be obtained in one year using 100 nodes by sub-culturing them four times. Addition of PGRs at PNC doubled the number of nodes per plantlet. However the effect of stage of treatment varied with genotypes. The GA and its inhibitor, UP influenced the multiplication rate of yam.Item Effects of plant growth regulators on callus, shoot and root formation in fluted pumpkin (telfaira occidentalis)(Academic Journals, 2007-02) Balogun, M. O.; Akande, S. R.; Ogunbodede, B. A.Root and stem explants of fluted pumpkin were cultured in medium containing different types and concentrations of plant growth regulators (PGRs). The explants were observed for callus, root and shoot formation parameters after four months. Differences among explants, plant growth regulators and their interaction were not significant for number of roots per plantlet. Callus formation was higher in stem than root explants. Stem explants formed more callus in medium containing naphthalene acetic acid than that containing indole acetic acid while the trend was opposite with root explants. Root explants did not form shoots, leaves or nodes in any of the PGR regimes, while a concentration of 1.5 mg/l benzylaminopurine (BAP) induced the highest numbers of shoots, nodes and leaves per stem explant. There was no callus, shoot, node and leaf formation by both explants when cultured in medium without PGRs while root formation was minimal.