scholarly works in Crop Protection & Environmental Biology
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://repository.ui.edu.ng/handle/123456789/491
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Item Evaluation of Poultry manure and Cow dung (Soil amendments) on Solanum lycopersicum L. planted on spent oil polluted soil(Macrothink Institute, 2021) Fayinminnu, O. O.; Isienyi, N. C.; Aigbokha, F. O.; Adediran, A. A.Pollution from Spent Lubricating Oil (SLO) is one of the major problems farmers encounter in Nigeria. The study is a completely randomized design with Ibadan Local tomato seedlings grown on the following treatments: 0 ml SLO (control), 75ml SLO, 35g of poultry-manure + 75ml SLO, 35g of cow-dung + 75ml SLO, and 4g of NPK + 75ml SLO replicated four times. Physico-chemical parameters of the soil, poultry manure (PM) and cow-dung (CD), heavy metals, and Total-Petroleum-Hydrocarbon (TPH) were determined before and after pollution using standard procedures. Tomato seedlings were transplanted into pots of amended soil with SLO (5 kg/2 plants) and monitored till maturity. Data were taken on growth, yield parameters and analyzed using ANOVA (p<0.05). Results showed significant differences among the treatments. The soil textural class was sandy-loamy with pH (7.2). Tomato in control plots had the highest values 48.30cm plant-height (PH), number-of-leaves (82.63) (NOL), number-of-fruits (0.98) (NOFR) and fresh-weight (0.55g) (FW). Tomato plants grown on CD amended had the lowest 14.40 cm PH, SLO at 75 ml had 6.00 and 1.71cm for NOL and SD, respectively. The NOFR 0.70 value was from PM amended, FW 0.10g was from SLO at 75ml. Heavy-metals bioaccumulation ranges were: Cu 3.00- 36.61mg/kg and Zn 15.00-303.79mg/kg. The final TPHs ranged from 181.66 -1350.00mg/kg, while % TPH removal ranged from 4.69- 53.18%. Cow-dung treated soil reduced the amount of copper and zinc present compared with spent oil soil. The growth performance of tomatoes in this study suggests that soil amendment should be encouraged.Item Heavy metals in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as influenced by Organic and Inorganic Fertilisers(2021) Fadina, O. O.; Nwanguma, C. S.; Fayinminnu, O. O.; Daodu, B. J.Heavy metals are significant environmental contaminants found on the surface and in the tissue of fresh vegetables through the use of phosphate and animal manure fertilisers applied to soil during production. A field study was carried out at the experimental site of National Horticultural Research Institute, Idi-ishin, Ibadan, to assess the heavy metal concentration in cucumber planted under different levels of phosphate (synthetic) and animal manure (organic) fertilisers. There were five treatments: Poultry manure,Composted cow dung, Liquid Organic fertiliser, NPK (15:15:15) and the control which were laid out in a randomised complete block design replicated three times. Data were collected on growth and yield parameters; plant height (PH), stem girth (SG), leaf area (LA), number of fruits (NOF) and fruit weight (FW) of cucumber. Heavy metal analysis was carried on all the fertilisers before use, on the soil and fruits after harvesting using standard procedures. Risk Assessment to human exposure was also determined. Data were analysed using ANOVA at p<0.05.Results were compared with the WHO and EU standards. The findings were used to determine the Daily Intake of Metals (DIM), the Health Risk Index (HRI) and the Target Hazard Quotient (THQ). The HRI and THQ for Lead were highest in compost (0.45) and (0.88) respectively although it is still below the tolerable limit (1). If used over time or eaten more often could lead to bio-accumulation and eventually respiratory and other carcinogenic diseases in humans.Item Heavy metal accumulation in Corchorus olitorius L. and Talinum fruticosurp (Jacq) Wild grown on soil from abandoned battery dump site in Ile-Igbon, Oyo State, Nigeria(Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, LAUTECH, Ogbomoso, 2017) Fayinminnu, O. O.; Oyelakin, O.; Idowu, O. D.; Fadina, O. O.Plants are essential component of the natural ecosystems and terrestrial food chains. They have the potential to accumulate toxic metals when grown on such polluted soil, which could have negative health effects on man and livestock, if consumed. This study was conducted to evaluate the heavy metal accumulation in Corchorus olitorius and Talinum fruticosurp grown on soil from abandoned automobile battery dumpsite in Ile-Igbon, Lagelu Local Government Area, Oyo State, Nigeria. Heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Mn, Fe and Ni) concentrations in the soil, and root and shoot of Corchorus olitorius and Talinum fruticosurp were evaluated and the Transfer Factor (TF) of heavy metals in plants were determined. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design with four replicates. The treatments were battery polluted soil from Ile-Igbon and soil (control) from Teaching and Research Farm, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. Seeds and stem cuttings of C. olitorius and T. fruticosurp, respectively were planted into 5 kg pot of polluted and control soils. Heavy metal concentrations of the soil, shoot and root were analysed in the laboratory. Heavy metal concentrations of polluted soil were: Pb (2928 mg/kg), Cd (17.4 mg/kg), Mn (4482 mg/kg) and Fe (1877 mg/kg) as compared to the control: Pb (124 mg/kg), Cd (undetected), Mn (5368 mg/kg) and Fe (25.8 mg/kg). Heavy metals in the root and shoot samples of Corchorus olitorius and Talinum fruticosurp were Pb and Fe. Cadmium, Fe and Pb showed TF>1 for both vegetables. The study concluded that vegetables planted around Ile-Igbon have high concentrations of Pb and Fe. Even though Fe in the vegetables was below WHO permissible level of 425 mg/kg, Pb concentration (3.0 mg/kg) was beyond WHO/FAO permissible level.Item Assessment of heavy metals and Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons accumulation in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicon L.) grown on Spent Oil polluted soil.(Ecological Society of Nigeria, 2016) Fayinminnu, O. O.; Abimbola, M. O.Oil-polluted soils make agricultural lands less productive and unsuitable for food production particularly increasing toxic levels of certain crops. The environmental concern is exacerbated by indiscriminate discharge of Spent Lubricating Oil (SLO) on agricultural land in Nigeria. This study evaluated the accumulation of heavy metals (Copper (Cu), Nickel (Ni) and Lead (Pb)) and Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPHs) in tomato plants grown on spent oil- polluted soil. The treatments were 0, 75, 150 and 300 mls levels of pollution, replicated five times and laid out in a completely randomized design. Data were collected on plant growth and yield parameters and analysed using ANOVA at p<0.05. There were significant decrease in plant height, number of leaves and stem diameter with increase in levels of spent oil pollution. The control (0ml) recorded significant increase in plant height (40.10cm), number of leaves (15.00) and stem diameter (0.50cm). The average fruit weight in the control was 0.80g while there were no fruits in other treatments. The highest dry weight (0.87g) was from the control while the lowest (0.69 g) was recorded from 75 mls treated plot. There was a general reduction of heavy metal concentrations in the soil with Cu having (7.38mg/kg) and Pb (0.70mg/kg) at 300 mls treatment while Ni was not detected. The control recorded the lowest TPH of 200mg/kg while the 300mls treatment had the highest 2800 mg/kg. In the plant shoot and root; Cu was higher (16.30mg/kg) in the root than in shoot (6.84mg/kg) while Pb (0.41mg/kg) in the shoot was higher than the root (0.21mg/kg) at 300 mls. This study shows that tomato plants could not survive the lowest (75mls) level of pollution; which signifies that small amount of spent oil in soil is unsafe for food crop production and consumers due to high levels of heavy metals and Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons.Item Evaluation of heavy metals and health risk index in Amaranthus hybridus L. vegetable grown in selected farms in Ibadan, Nigeria(2015) Fayinminnu, O. O.; Adekunle – Jimoh, J. M."Heavy metals have been mostly evaluated in terms of farm site types and locations, but have not been related to the depth of ill-health they pose to the populace. However, there is inadequate information on human health risk index associated with the consumption of heavy metal contaminated vegetables. This study was conducted to evaluate the heavy metals; Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn and health risk associated with the consumption of Amaranthus hybridus vegetables in different farm sites. Four selected vegetable farms: Mokola, Ojoo, Olorunda Aba and Agbon-Ile in Ibadan, Nigeria were used during rainy and dry seasons for eight weeks, respectively while Soil from Teaching and Research Farm, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria was used to plant the control in the Screen house (control site) of the Department of crop Protection and Environmental Biology. Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics. The results indicated that heavy metal concentrations in those farm sites were higher in water, soil and vegetables (root and shoot) when compared with the control during dry and rainy seasons. Irrigation water obtained from all the four farms except control had a highly significant amount of Pb concentrations ranging between 96.83 – 116.90mg/L and lower Cd 0.06- 0.12mg/L, while the heavy metals were not detected in the control during both seasons. Results from the soil analysis revealed significantly highest concentration of Pb (128.36mg/kg), while Cd had lower concentration value of 0.40mg/kg and the control had the lowest value (0.12mg/kg) of Pb. Heavy metals detected in vegetables grown in Ojoo farm were significantly higher than those found in other farms including the control. The concentrations of heavy metals in vegetable root samples from all the farms followed the same trend Zn>Cu>Cr>Pb>Cd in both seasons, respectively. The human Health Risk Index (HRI) values were <1 in the vegetable samples (root and shoot) from Agbon-ile, Mokola and Olorunda-Aba in both seasons. However, the HRI was >1 for Pb and Zn (ranged from 1.15-8.32) at Ojoo farm site during the dry and rainy seasons. This study showed that the proximity of Ojoo vegetable farm to heavy traffic road appeared to be the major contributory factor to its high heavy metal accumulation which resulted to high Health Risk Index.