scholarly works in Crop Protection & Environmental Biology

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    Anatomical changes, osmolytes accumulation and distribution in the native plants growing on Pb-contaminated sites
    (Springer, 2020) Adejumo, S. A.; |Oniosun, B.; Akpoilih, O. A.; Adeseko, A.; Arowo, D. O.
    Native plants growing on heavy-metalcontaminated sites are the potential candidates for phytoremediation of contaminated sites due to their tolerance and adaptation to toxic environment. For better application of the technology, in-depth knowledge and understanding of the anatomy and physiology of these plant species are essential. In this study, anatomical changes in roots and leaves of various plant species growing on Pb-contaminated sites as well as osmolytes (proline, PR; glycine betaine, GB; and phenolics, PH) production and distribution in different plant parts were investigated. The soil and plant samples were collected in triplicates from two different Pb-contaminated sites, while control plants were collected from the University of Ibadan. The plants were washed and partitioned into different parts for anatomical and biochemical studies, and soil adhering to the roots of different plant species was collected for the determination of Pb contents. Sporobolus pyramidalis, Cynodon dactylon, Imperata cylindrica, Eleusine indica, Gomphrena celosioides, Rhinconspora corymbosa and Echinochloa colona are the plant species common to these contaminated sites. Though with variations based on the site, thick epidermis and sclerenchyma, pronounced and numerous vascular bundles as well as trichomes were some of the anatomical characteristics of these metallophytes from contaminated sites compared to their counterparts from uncontaminated site. These plants also produced PR, GB and PH, with PH being the highest followed by PR and GB. Accumulation in different parts of the plants also varied depending on the plant species and the osmolyte. They were more in the leaf than other plant parts. Among the plant species, Sporobolus pyramidalis had the highest value of proline (3.26 and 2.63 lg/g FW) and glycine betaine (3.44 and 2.23 lg/FW) in the leaf and stem, respectively, followed by Cynodon dactylon having 2.20 and 0.89 lg/g FW proline and 2.02 and 0.94 lg/g FW glycine betaine. On the Pb accumulation in plant, more lead (Pb) was found in the roots than other plant parts. Gomphrena celosioides accumulated the highest Pb (4537.50 and 1081.50 mg/kg) in the root and shoot, respectively, followed by Eleusine indica (3988 and 699.00 mg/kg), while the lowest values were recorded for Echinochloa colona (36.87 and 5.97 mg/kg). In rhizospheric soils, G. celosioides had the highest Pb content (34,405.00 mg/kg) which was higher than other rhizospheric soils. In conclusion, phenolics were produced more in these metallophytes and all the osmolytes were more in leaf than root. Anatomical modifications in response to heavy metal exposure differed between plant species and level of contamination. Lead accumulation in plant also varied depending on plant species.
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    Evaluation of lead and chromium tolerance and accumulation level in Gomphrena Celosoides: a novel metal accumulator from lead acid battery waste contaminated site in Nigeria
    (Taylor & Francis, 2019) Adejumo, S. A.; Tiwari, S.; Thul, S.; Sarangi, B. K.
    Biology, tolerance, and metal (Pb and Cr) accumulating ability of Gomphrena celosoides were studied under hydroponic conditions. The seedlings were raised in Hoagland’s solution containing different concentrations of Pb (0, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000, 3000, 4000, and 5000mg l_1) and Cr (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 300, and 400mg l_1). Biomass and metal accumulation in different plant parts were determined at seven (7) and fourteen (14) days after stress. Antioxidant enzyme activities, protein, and proline contents were estimated in stressed and unstressed plants. Gomphrena celosoides was able to tolerate Pb and Cr concentrations up to 4000 and 100mg l_1, respectively in hydroponic solution. Metal accumulation was concentration and duration dependent with the highest Pb (21,127.90 and 117,985.29mg kg_1) and Cr (3130.85 and 2428.90mg kg_1) in shoot and root, respectively found in the plants exposed to 5000mg l_1 Pb and 400mg l_1 Cr for 14 days. Proline, antioxidant enzyme activities, and protein contents were the highest in plant exposed to higher Pb and Cr concentrations for 7 and 14 days. Gomphrena celosoides could be considered as Pb and Cr accumulator with proline and increase in antioxidant enzyme activities being the tolerance mechanisms
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    Seasonal variations in distribution, heavy metal uptake and proline production of native plants growing on Pb-contaminated site in Ibadan, South-Western,
    (Ecological Society of Nigeria, 2015) Adejumo, S. A.; Adeosun, A. A.; Olaniyan, A. B.; Awodoyin, R. O.
    Effects of seasonal variations on metal (Lead, Chromium and Cadmium) uptake, proline concentration, density and distribution of metallophytes inhabiting heavy metal polluted site in Ibadan, South-Western Nigeria were investigated. Vegetation surveys and Relative Importance Values (RIV) of different plant species were carried out both at the rainy and dry seasons. The metal uptake and partitioning in plants at different seasons as well as proline content were also determined. The results showed that the Relative Importance Value (RIV), metal uptake and proline production by plants varied depending on the prevailing environmental conditions. During both sampling seasons, same plant species were enumerated on the contaminated site. However, their RIV varied in the two seasons. Sporobolus. pyramidalis was prevalent in the rainy season while Imperata cylindrica had the highest RIV during the dry season. Heavy metal accumulation in different plant species also differed depending on the sampling period and higher concentrations of metals were accumulated during the rainy season compared to the dry season except in Gomphrena celosioides with Pb being the highest at both seasons. The proline concentrations were also species and season dependent. The concentrations varied in different plant species and G. celosioides accumulated more during both seasons while Eleucine indica and Rhyncospora corymbosa had higher concentrations during the dry season compared to rainy season. Plant species abundance, metal uptake and osmolyte production by metallophytes are therefore dependent on the prevailing environmental conditions.