scholarly works in Crop Protection & Environmental Biology

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://repository.ui.edu.ng/handle/123456789/491

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Subject: search.filters.subject.Pollution

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    Loss of Biodiversity Through Different Sources of Pollution.
    (University of Ibadan, 2010) Ogundola, A. F.; Atayese, A.; Ajao, O. S.; Ishola, O. A.; Fayinminu, O. O.; Liasu, M. O.; Ogunkunle, A. T. J
    A major source of loss of plant biodiversity has been traced to anthropogenic factors, in which pollution is an important aspect. This necessitates establishment of facts on different polluted sites in Oyo, and Osun States in order to prevent the occurrence that further leads to loss of biodiversity of the affected ecosystems. Descriptive research was carried out to assess the level of distortion done to the former stabilized environments. This was aimed to assessing the floral composition of two different spent oil and fertilizer polluted ecosystems using quadrat method of sampling. Relative densities, frequencies and Importance value of each plant in the study sites were carefully calculated. The results informed that: the floral composition of the oil spent polluted sites when compared with their respective control sites and the other (2) fertilizer polluted sites, recorded less diverse plant species. There was increased in the density of monocotyledonous plant species such as: Maximum panicum, Pennisetum pedicellatum, Eragrostis spp and others. However, the fertiliser polluted sites are less reduced in plant species diversity when compared with their respective control sites. Passiflora foetida is the only plant species growing on the two (2) polluted sites but not in all control sites except that of fertilizer polluted control site. Oil spent polluted site, being the most vulnerable site to loss of plant species needs to be checked from continuity in order to guide against the worst occurrence that leads to climate change.
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    Re-establishment of vegetation on soil contaminated by heavy metals in response to Mexican sunflower and cassava peels composts.
    (Enproct Consultants Ltd, 2012) Adejumo, S. A.; Awodoyin, R. O.; Togun, A. O.
    Soil contamìnation by industriai wastes contributes greatly to poor soil fertility, ecological imbalance and phytotoxicity. To restore soil fertility and encourage plant growth, remediation of contaminated land becomes pertinent. The use of organic amendment has been reported to be effective for restoration of heavy metal contamiflàted soil Effects of Mexican Sunflower (Tithonia diversifolia: MSC) and Cassava peels (Manihot esculentum: CPC) composts, each applied at 20 and 40 t/ha as well as inorganic fertilizer (NPK 20:10:10) applied at 100 kgN/ha were investigated for restoration and re-vegetation of a degraded battery wastes contaminated site. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Ordination method was used to measure flora diversity and abundance among treatments. The species ìmportance in thè eco System was determine d using Relative Importance Values (RIV) before application of compost (BAC), at 4 weeks after compost application (4WACA) and at 8 weeks after compost application (8WACA). Also, thè dominance and plant species distribution at thè three periods were determined from thè Dominance, Shannon and Equitabilty indices. Application of composts increased thè number of individuai plants on thè contaminated site from 1177 at BAC to 2276 at 8 WACA. Species richness increased from 7 species at BAC to 15 species at 8 WACA. Gomphrena celosoides L. had thè highest RIV value (72.4%) at BAC, 67.0% and 49.6%> at 4 WACA and 8 WACA respectively. The dominance index (DI) decreased from 0.8557 at BAC to 0.6008 at 8 WACA. At 8 WACA thè Shannon index (0.9976) and Equitability index (0.3684) were highest. Application of MSC at 40t/ha (MSC40) reduced Pb level in thè soil by 71.6% followed by CPC40 (67.3%), MSC20 (66.1%) and least in CPC20 (49.5%). NPK fertilizer application had no effect on soil Pb level compared to control. Addìtion of compost significantly increased thè plant nxutrients including phosphorus, nitrogen, calcium and magnesium in thè soil compared to inorganic fertilizer. The use of compost reduced Pb contamination, improved soil fertility, enhanced re-vegetation and flora diversity of battery waste contaminated site more than inorganic fertilizer. The prevalence of G. celosioides may suggest that it has potentials for thè phytoremediation oflead-acid battery polluted soil.
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    Chlorophyll and protein contents of fluted pumpkin (Telfaria occidentalis) planted on heavy metal contaminated soil in response to different organic amendments.
    (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the African Union Commission (AUC, 2015) Adejumo, S. A.
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    Effect of Spent Lubricating Oil on Some Growth Parameters of Two Varieties (TGXl485 - ID and TGXl448 - 2E) of Soybeans, (Glyzine max. merril)
    (2002) Mbong, G. A; Fadina, O.O; Focho, B. A,; Azo, W. M; Seino, R. A.
    The effects of spent lubricating oil on the growth of two varieties of soybean (TG x 1485-ID; (V1)) and (TG x 1448-2E; (V2)) were investigated in the laboratory and greenhouse experiments. In all the plants treated with spent lubricating oil, germination was delayed when compared with the Controls. Also results from growth parameters such as stem height/plant, number of leaves/plants, - number of nodes/plants and number of branches/plant indicated that spent lubricating oil had some adverse effects on the growth of soybeans. However, V1 seems to be more tolerant to contamination by spent lubricating oil in terms of growth indices than V2, which suffered most. Generally, while V2 produced a net higher dry pod weight/plant, V1 produced less dry weight/plant. It was generally observed in the study that with increasing level of oil contamination, the toxicity of the oil was more pronounced