scholarly works

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://repository.ui.edu.ng/handle/123456789/493

Browse

Author: search.filters.author.Olaifa, F. E.

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 10 of 24
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Chemical analysis and nutritional assessment of artocarpus heterophyllus lam. (jack fruit) defatted seeds used as addictive in feed for clarias gariepinus post juveniles
    (2013) Olaifa, F. E.; Ajayi, A. A.; Raji, I. O.
    A 49-day feeding trial was carried out with feeds supplemented with microgram quantities of the defatted seeds of Artocarpus heterophyllus in the diets of Clarias gariepinus at the post juveinile stage. Five diets at 40% crude protein were formulated containing 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60x106 μg DAH seed as additive. Each dietary treatment was replicated three times with 10 fish per replicate. Proximate composition of the defatted seed showed that it was rich in protein, carbohydrate and minerals. Fish on DAH–supplementd diets had better survival rates than the control. Haematology, plasma biochemistry and gross tissue examination were also carried out. No significant differences (p<0.05) were observed between the fish on DAH-containing treatments and the control. There might be need to further process and test defatted A. heterophyllus seeds as either probiotic or prebiotic on young fish for longer periods in order to take advantage of its rich supply of nutrients
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Studies on phyoremediation of copper using pteridium aquilinum (bracken fern) in the presence of biostimulants and bioassay using clarias gariepinus juveniles
    (Taylor and Francis, London, 2013) Olaifa, F. E.; Omekam, A. J.
    A study was carried out to evaluate the uptake of copper from water containing 10 mg/L copper by Pteridium aquilinum (bracken fern) and Clarias gariepinus in the presence of five plant growth stimulants: Nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium (15-15-15: an inorganic fertilizer), pig, cattle, poultry, and a mixture of pig/cattle manures. A plant growth stimulant differentiated each treatment. A 96-hour bioassay using C. gariepinus was carried out at the end of the experiment to test the efficacy of the clean up by P. aquilinum. The control experiment contained no copper or plant growth stimulant. Fish survival, uptake of copper by P. aquilinum, C. gariepinus, concentration of copper in water, hematology and histopathology of the fish were assessed. Higher concentrations of copper were reported in P. aquilinum than in water or C. gariepinus. Low fish mortality was reported with the highest being 20% in the cattle manure-containing treatment. Low fish mortality was reported with the highest being 20 percent in the cattle manure containing treatment
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Potentials of walnut (tetracarpidium conophorum Mull. Arg) leaf and onions (allium cepa linn) bulb extracts as antimicrobial agents for fish
    (Academic Journals, 2013-05) Bello, O. S.; Olaifa, F. E.; Emikpe, B. O.; Ogunbanwo, S. T.
    The zone of inhibition varied with the bacteria and type of extract. The average diameter of inhibition zones was 10 ± 0.00 and 9 ± 0.02 mm for methanolic and ethanolic extracts of walnut leaves and onion bulbs, respectively. Staphylococcus aureus, B. subtilis and P. aeruginosa were most sensitive to the extracts. However, S. aureus was more sensitive to the extracts of walnut leaves and S. typhi was the least sensitive. Bacillus subtilis was more sensitive to the extracts of onion compared to E. coli which was the least sensitive. Minimum inhibitory concentration of walnut leaves and onion bulbs extracts on the bacteria tested were both 500 ìg/ml. The results indicated that walnut leaves and onion bulbs had antibacterial activity on the tested organisms and showed their prospects for their use in the treatment of fish diseases
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Chemical analysis and nutritional assessment of defatted garcinia mangostana seeds used as an addictive on the feed of fish (clarias gariepinus)
    (Global Journals Inc., 2013) Ajayi, I. A.; Olaifa, F. E.; Omoniyi, M. M.
    Chemical analysis and nutritional assessment of defatted Garcinia mangostana seeds (DGMS) were undertaken to determine its suitability as an additive at 0.00g, 18.00g, 36.00g, 54.00g and 72.00g inclusion levels in diets and performance of Clarias gariepinus post juveniles. Proximate analysis of DGMS showed that the defatted seeds were high in carbohydrate (71.00 ± 0.79%) but low in protein content (8.10 ± 0.22%). The mineral element analysis detected different minerals with potassium as the highest (270.00ppm). All the fish increased in weight and length significantly (p<0.05) above the initial values though no significant differences were observed among treatments at 49 days in all growth indices showing that the diets were similar in nutritional qualities and adequate for growth of fish
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Chemical analysis and nutritional assessment of fluted pumpkin (Telfairiaoccidentalis Hook F.) seed residuefed to African catfish (clariasgariepinus) at graded inclusion levels
    (2013) Ajayi, I. A.; Olaifa, F. E.; Olawole, A. A.; Adeyemo, A. J.
    The chemical analysis and nutritional assessment of fluted pumpkin seed residue fed to African catfish (Clariasgariepinus) at graded inclusion levels was carried out in order to evaluate its effect on the growth performance and nutrient utilization of the catfish. Five diets containing 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60% inclusion levels of fluted pumpkin seed residue (FPSR) as partial replacement for groundnut cake were prepared and fed to the fishes for eight weeks. Each treatment had three replicates with 15 fish per replicate (mean initial weight 140.87 ± 8.77g) in 30-litre plastic tanks and fish fed at 3% of body weight twice daily. Fish on control diet showed the best growth and nutrient utilization while diets with defatted fluted pumpkin seeds cake produced weight reduction in the fish with the least reduction on diet 2 (15% inclusion) and greatest on diet 4 (45% inclusion). The specific growth rate, feed conversion ratios and protein intake of the control fish were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those on FPSR-containing diets.Histopathological reports showed some damage to the liver of fish in higher FPSR-containing rations, torn gill tissues and changes of intestinal structure. Haematological parameters like haemoglobin, erythrocyte, sedimentation rate and biochemical parameters were within the ranges for healthy fish though reduced from pre-treatment values
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Bioassay using the water soluble fraction of a Nigerian light crude oil on clarias gariepinus fingerlings
    (Physiological Society of Nigeria, 2012) Olaifa, F. E.
    A 96-hour bioassay was conducted using the water soluble fraction of a Nigerian light crude oil sample on Clarias gariepinus fingerlings. 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10 mls of water soluble fractions (WSF) of the oil were added to 1000 litres of de-chlorinated tap water to form 0, 25, 50 , 75 and 100 parts per million representing treatments 1 to 5 respectively. Each treatment had two replicates with fifteen fish per replicate. At the end of the 96-hour period of exposure, the fish were transferred into separate bowls containing fresh water without oil for recovery for ten more days. Heavy metal and total hydrocarbon contents of the water and fish were analyzed at 96 hour and 14 days which marked the end of the recovery period. No mortalities were recorded on all treatments during the 96-hour period. Mortalities were observed between 120 and 144 hours after the onset of the experiment with the maximum number of dead fish (p<0.05) from treatment 5(100 ppm WSF) during the recovery period indicating a delayed response to the WSF by the fish. No mortalities were recorded after 144 hours till the termination of the experiment at 14 days . The 96-hour LC50 could not be calculated since no deaths occured during the period. The Total hydrocarbon contents of the water were 0, 0.026 ,0.316 ,0.297, 0.253 mg/l for treatments 1(0 ppmWSF)) to 5(100ppmWSF) respectively. Lead , iron and cadmium were not detected in water during the study, lead was also not detected in fish muscles from all treatments. The iron contents of all the treatments were lower than the control except for treatment 3(50 ppm WSF). THC concentrations in fish were higher at 96 hours and 14days than in the water indicating bioconcentration in fish and a retention in the fish long after exposure.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    The effect of walnut (tetracarpidium conophorum) leaf and onion (allium cepa) bulb residues on the tissue bacteriological changes of clarias gariepinus juveniles
    (2012) Bello, O. S.; Olaifa, F. E.; Emikpe, B. O.; Ogunbanwo, S. T.
    In this study, the effect of walnut leaf (WL) and onion bulb (OB) residues on tissue bacteriology of Clarias gariepinus juveniles by dietary intake was investigated. Nine experimental diets: control (0%), OB2 (0.5%), OB3 (1.0%), OB4 (1.5%), OB5 (2.0%), WL6 (0.5%), WL7 (1.0%), WL8 (1.5%) and WL9 (2.0%) were formulated and replicated thrice at 40% crude protein. Fish (mean weight 7.4±0.02g) were fed twice daily at 3% body weight for 12 weeks. Microbiological analyses of water and fish (skin, gill, intestine and liver) and organ index (liver, spleen, kidney and heart) were investigated. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA at p=0.05. Results of enterobacteriacea and total viable count from this study revealed that bacterial loads on the water and fish of the experimental tanks were more affected by A. cepa and T. conophorum than the control for 4, 8 and 12 weeks and were significantly different (P<0.05) from the control. The values decreased in treated groups as the levels of inclusion (0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0%) increased and as the months increased. Also, organ index showed that the liver, heart, kidney and spleen were not significantly increased in all the treated groups and the control. The results suggest that walnut leaf and onion bulb residues inclusion in the diet of Clarias gariepinus could be a potential, less expensive and promising dietary supplementation that would positively influence growth, reduce and prevent bacterial infections in fish culture.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    The effect of walnut (tetracarpidium conophorum) leaf and onion (allium cepa) bulb residues on the growth performance and nutrient utlization of clarias gariepinus juveniles
    (Canadian Center of Science and Education, 2012) Bello, O. S.; Olaifa, F. E.; Emikpe, B. O.; Ogunbanwo, S. T.
    Feeding trial were conducted in experimental tanks (50 x 34 x 27 cm) to assess the growth responses and nutrient utilization of Walnut Leaf (WL) and Onion Bulb (OB) residues in Clarias gariepinus. Nine experimental diets: control (0%), OB2 (0.5%), OB3 (1.0%), OB4 (1.5%), OB5 (2.0%), WL6 (0.5%), WL7 (1.0%), WL8 (1.5%) and WL9 (2.0%) were formulated and replicated thrice at 40% crude protein. Fish (mean weight 7.39±0.02 g and length 10.37±1.24 cm) were fed twice daily at 3% body weight for 12 weeks. Mean Weight Gain (MWG), Specific Growth Rate (SGR) and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) were measured. Temperature, dissolved oxygen and pH were determined using standard methods and economic analysis was investigated. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA at p=0.05. Results showed that the Fish on OB and WL residue- based diets had higher growth than those on control diet but C. gariepinus fed WL8 had significantly higher MWG, SGR and FCR of 53.81±1.20 g, 1.09±0.11 g and 2.16±0.01 respectively of all treatments. The values of temperature, dissolved oxygen and pH were closely related and were still within the range for fish culture in the tropics. WL8 had higher profit index (1.40) and incidence of cost (0.032) and the least in OB5 (1.18) (0.039) respectively. These suggest that walnut leaf residue at 1.5% inclusion could be a potential, less expensive and promising dietary supplementation than onion bulb residue and control that would positively affect growth and water quality of Clarias gariepinus in aquaculture
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Effect of differently processed African yam beans (sphenostylis stenocarpa harms) on performance of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) juveniles
    (Society for Isreali Aquaculture, 2011) Olaifa, F. E.; Bello, O. S.
    A 12-week feeding trial was conducted in 27-cm3 circular plastic tanks (50 × 34 cm) to assess the performance of juvenile African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fed diets containing African yam bean meals (Sphenostylis stenocarpa) processed by different techniques. Five 35% crude protein diets were formulated containing no yam bean meal (control) or 34% fishmeal and 66% yam bean meal. The yam bean meals were processed in four manners: (a) ‘cooked’, sun-dried, and ground, (b) ‘toasted’, cooled, and ground, (c) ‘soaked’, cooked, sun-dried, and ground, (d) soaked, ‘dehulled’, cooked, and ground. Each treatment was replicated thrice, each replicate contained 15 fish (3.97±0.03 g, 8.70±0.97 cm). Fish were fed thrice daily at 5% of their body weight per day. Fish fed the control diet perfomed better (p<0.05) than those fed the diets containing yam bean meal. Among the diets containing yam bean meal, the ‘soaking’ treatment produced the best results. In all diets, the packed cell volume, hemoglobin concentration, red blood cell count, white blood cell count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, lymphocytes, and neutrophils were within the ranges for healthy fish. Therefore, since the differences in fish performance between the control and the ‘soaked’ diet were less than with other yam bean diets, and because this diet was more cost-efficient than the control fishmeal diet, we conclude that soaked, cooked, and ground African yam beans can partially replace fishmeal in diets for African catfish without compromising growth or nutrient utilization