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Item Exposure and connectedness to natural environments: An examination of the measurement invariance of the Nature Exposure Scale (NES) and Connectedness to Nature Scale (CNS) across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age groups(Elsevier, 2024) Swami, V.; Whitec, M. P.; Voracekc, M.; Tranc, U. S.; Aavikd, T.; Ranjbare, H. A.; Adebayo, S. O.; Afhamig, R.; Oli, A. h,; Aimei, A.; Olapegba, P. O.Detachment from nature is contributing to the environmental crisis and reversing this trend requires detailed monitoring and targeted interventions to reconnect people to nature. Most tools measuring nature exposure and attachment were developed in high-income countries and little is known about their robustness across national and linguistic groups. Therefore, we used data from the Body Image in Nature Survey to assess measurement invariance of the Nature Exposure Scale (NES) and the Connectedness to Nature Scale (CNS) across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age groups (N =56,968). While multi-group confirmatory factor analysis (MG-CFA) of the NES supported full scalar invariance across gender identities and age groups, only partial scalar invariance was supported across national and linguistic groups. MG-CFA of the CNS also supported full scalar invariance across gender identities and age groups, but only partial scalar invariance of a 7-item version of the CNS across national and linguistic groups. Nation-level associations between NES and CNS scores were negli-gible, likely reflecting a lack of conceptual clarity over what the NES is measuring. Individual-level associations between both measures and sociodemographic variables were weak. Findings suggest that the CNS-7 may be a useful tool to measure nature connectedness globally, but measures other than the NES may be needed to capture nature exposure cross-culturally.Item Psychosocial analysis of fear of corrupt practices among university students: a case study of Olabisi Onabanjo University(2007) Ojo, S.; Sodeinde, O. O.; Okhakhume, A.S.The study investigated psycho-social analysis of fear of corrupt practices among students of Olabisi Onabanjo University. The study was a cross-sectional research which specifically adopted Ex-post facto design. Questionnaire format was utilized for data collection. The questionnaire included the Big-five personality inventory, fear of corrupt practices and personal data scales. Four (4) hypotheses were stated and tested using multiple regression analysis. The result showed that personality characteristics of extraversion, neuroticism, agreeableness, openness to experience and conscientiousness significantly and co-jointly predicted fear of corrupt practices {F(5,244) =4.48, P<.05,R2 =.08}. However, only personality traits of extroversion [a=-.17, t = 2.42, P<.05J and openness to experience [a=.23, t = 3.04, P<.05] had significant independent influence on fear of corrupt practices respectively. The results showed also that males and females were not significant different on fear of corrupt practices [t = -1.69, df= 248, P>.05J; student within the age group 18 - 30 years reported more fear of corrupt practices than students with the age group 31-45 years. The results showed further that students who had prior criminal victimization experience reported more fear of corrupt practices than student who had no prior criminal victimization [t = 2.94, df = 248, P<.01J; ordinary students were not significantly different on fear of corrupt practices, [t = -.056, df = 248, P>.05], Female and male who were political office holder were not significantly different on fear of corrupt practices [t = -1.15, df= 91, P>.05J. The study was concluded by establishing that some personality characteristic, specifically extraversion and openness to experience were found to have significant independent influence on fear of corrupt practices. Similarly, all the considered personality characteristics had significant co-joint influence on fear of corrupt practices. Age and prior victimization experience were found also to significantly influence fear of corrupt practicesItem Attitudes of subordinates toward women in leadership position(Ife PsychologLA, 2008-12) Okhakhume, A.S.The study investigated how women in leadership position are perceived accepted and evaluated by their subordinates. In an attempt to elicit subjects' response, the subordinates attitude questionnaire scale was constructed and was administered to 222 workers consisting of 111 males and 111 females drawn from University of Ibadan, Oyo State Secretariat, Nigerian Bottling Company, National Bank of Nigeria, First Banks Nigeria, Chartered Bank, and Cooperative Bank. The t-test of independent sample was used to analyse the research data. The findings revealed that: (a) Male subordinates have negative attitude toward women leader; (b) Subordinates with higher educational qualification have positive attitude towards women leaders; (c) Young subordinates have negative attitudes toward women in leadership position; (d) Christian subordinates have positive attitude toward women in leadership positions than their Moslem counterpartsItem Socio-demographic predictors of perceived burden of care among care givers of non-mentally and mentally retarded students in Ibadan, Nigeria(Centre for Research on Islamic Banking & Finance and Business, USA, 2019) Olaseni, A. O.; Okhakhume, A. S.The care of mentally retarded children is often stressful experiences for family members, as the child grows up and disability becomes quite noticeable by others, parents face a very distressing predicament of social embarrassment and stigma, they require more attention and time while at the same time the need for special equipment, and medical care increases; implicating financial income and capability of the care providers. The aftermath effect on the care provider(s) most often is restrictive and disruptive to economic, social or emotional deficiency. The study examines the influence of socio-demographic variables on care burden of care providers of non-mentally and mentally retarded students in Ibadan metropolis. The study adopted cross sectional research design across types of job, social support, religion, ethnicity and age. A total number of 100 care providers participated in the study (50 care providers of non-mentally retarded students & 50 care providers of the mentally retarded students). The instruments that were used was Care Givers Burden Scale developed by Zarit et al (1980). The result of the study revealed that demographic variables (age, sex, marital status, education level, job type, religion and ethnicity) do not jointly predict burden of care among care providers of mentally retarded students in Ibadan metropolis. [F(7,43)=1.722;p>.05], but revealed that demographic variables jointly predict burden of care among care providers of non-mentally retarded students in Ibadan metropolis. [F(7,43)=2.39;p<.05], and finally revealed that social support had significant influence on burden of care among care providers of mentally retarded students in Ibadan metropolis [t(98)= 11.13; P<.05]. The study therefore concludes that demographic variables jointly predict burden of care among care providers of non-mentally retarded students not mentally retarded students. While social support was found to significantly influence burden of care among care providers of mentally retarded students in Ibadan metropolisItem Psychological well-being of correctional officers in Ibadan, Oyo State of Nigeria: predictive influence of job stress and job satisfaction(American Institute of Science, 2019) Okhakhume, A. S.; Aroniyiaso, O. T.It has been observed that correctional officers in Nigeria usually experience psychological related issues such as anxiety, self-consciousness, depression, emotional vulnerability and poor quality of life and these related issues could be linked to the observable increased low productivity, physical morbidity, reduced quality and duration of life and frequent visitation to health care centers among the officers. These aforementioned psychological related issues also have an implication on poor quality of life and maladjusted behaviours among inmates. This informed the direction of this study to examine the psychological well-being of correctional officers in prisons and its influencing factors. The study utilized cross-sectional research design which involves the use of self-report questionnaire for data collection. A total number of two hundred and seven (207) correctional officers participated in the study. Results outcomes shows that job stress and job satisfaction had significant joint influence on psychological well-being of correctional officers in Ibadan, Oyo State of Nigeria [F(2,204)=49.12; p<0.05; R=0.57, R2=0.33]. Also, it was discovered that job stress and job satisfaction made significant independent contribution to correctional officers’ psychological well-being in Ibadan, Oyo State of Nigeria (b= 0.26; t = 4.14; p<0.05, b=-0.40; t = 6.35; p<0.05). The study concluded that there was a significant independent and joint influence of job stress and job satisfaction on the selected correctional officers’ psychological well-being, and it was recommended that prison service, counseling psychologists, clinical psychologists and health related professionals should take cognizance of job stress and job satisfaction in the development of any intervention that will be designed to improve the psychological wellbeing of correctional officersItem Negative emotions as predictors of blood pressure among hypertensive and normotensive residents of Gwarinpa: a community-based study in Abuja, Nigeria(American Institute of Science, 2019) Olaseni, A. O.; Okhakhume, A. S.; Ayilara, N. O.The research was carried out to ascertain how negative emotions predict blood pressure among hypertensive and normotensive residents of Gwarinpa community. A cross-sectional ex-post-facto design was adopted for the study. A stratified random sampling technique was adopted in the selection process. Validated questionnaires were used to measure the six negative emotions, while a Sphygmomanometer was used to measure blood pressure. Binomial Logistic Regression Analysis was used to analyse the six hypotheses in the study. The result of the survey revealed that probability of being diagnosed of high blood pressure was more likely among participants with severe anxiety than participants with other levels anxiety (Exp (B) = 1.74, p <.01; 95% CI 0.60 – 0.92). The chance of being diagnosed of high blood pressure was significantly more likely among participants with severe psychological stress than participants with other levels of psychological stress (Exp (B) = 1.76, p <.001; 95% CI 1.66 – 1.891). The probability of being diagnosed of high blood pressure was significantly more likely among participants with emotional instability than participants with emotional stability (Exp (B) = 1.69, p <.001; 95% CI = 1.45 – 1.96). Findings further revealed that a unit increase in respondents’ level of dispositional optimism, significantly decreases the probabilities of being hypertensive (Exp (B) = -.40, p <.05; 95% CI 0.49 - 0.74). The study, therefore, concluded that severe anxiety, stress, emotional instability and high dispositional optimism were high-risk factors to high-blood pressure, while depression and life satisfaction are not necessarily risked factors for high blood pressure, while among the residents of GwarinpaItem Domestic violence among young couples and associated factors in south-west of Nigeria(2018-06-05) Okhakhume, A. S.; Aroniyiaso, O. T.; Ajayi, I. E.Domestic violence among young couples in Nigeria was observed to be an event that can happen anywhere but certain factors seem to increase its likelihood, and its adverse effect on psychological, physical and social wellbeing of the couples and their children. This attracted the attention of this study to examine the influence of personality factors, marital stress and hopelessness on domestic violence among young couples in south-west of Nigeria. The study adopted descriptive cross sectional research design and Questionnaires were used to gather data from the selected young couples. Multistage sampling technique was utilized; Simple random sampling technique was used to select two (2) states out of six (6) states in south-west geopolitical zone of Nigeria and purposive sampling technique was used to select two hundred young couples who participated in the study. The result revealed that personality traits had significant joint influence on domestic violence among young couples in south-west of Nigeria (F(5,193)=11.250; p<0.05; R=0.495, R2=0.245) and out the five personality trait (agreeableness, emotional stability, openness to experience, extraversion and conscientiousness) agreeableness, emotional stability and openness to experience had significant independent contribution to domestic violence (b=-0.191; t =-2.795; p<0.05. b=0.270; t = 3.762; p<0.05. b= 0.235; t = 3.476; p<0.05). The result also revealed that there was significant difference in the domestic violence of young couples with low marital stress compared to those with high marital stress (t(198)=-3.121, p<.05). Also, there was significant difference in the domestic violence among young couples with low hopelessness and those with high hopelessness (t(198)=-3.187, p<.05). Furthermore, it was discovered that marital stress and hopelessness had significant joint influence on domestic violence among young couples in south-west of Nigeria (F(2,196)=23.921; p<0.05; R=0.445, R2=0.198). The study concluded with discussion of findings and recommends that young couples with domestic violence should endeavor to seek help from clinical psychologist, mental health practitioners and counseling psychologist in order to help adjust to behaviours that will help keep their marriage from domestic violence before it results to psychopathologyItem Influence of work-family conflict and work stress on the psychological well-being among police officers in Makurdi metropolis(Society for Science and Education, 2017) Sunday, S.; Terzungwe, A. S.; Okhakhume, A. S.; Daudu, D. A.This study investigated the influence of work-family conflict and work stress on the psychological well-being among police Officers in Makurdi metropolis. The study employed a cross-sectional survey design, where three hundred and fourty six (346) police Officers consisting of 202 (58.7%) males and 143 (41.3%) females were used for the study. Their ages ranged from 18 to 64 years with the Mean of 411.61 (SD=11.226). Work- Family Conflict Scale (WFCS), Workplace Stress Scale (WSS) and Ryff’s Psychological Well-being Scale (RPWS) were used for data collection. Statistical analysis involved the use of Multiple regression. Findings from the hypotheses indicated that, work-family conflict significantly influenced psychological well-being among police Officers in Makurdi metropolis. Work stress significantly influenced psychological well-being among police Officers in Makurdi metropolis. Finally, the result showed that, work-family conflict and work stress had significant negative joint influence on psychological well-being among police Officers in Makurdi metropolis. Based on the findings, it was recommended that, Police Officers should be enlightened on how to manage work-family conflict and work stress. On policy basis, it was therefore recommended that government should evolve policies that are aimed at reducing work-family conflict and work stress among police Officers. Also, nongovernmental organizations with caring mind for the police Officers should help reduce work-family conflict and work stress, so as to enhance better policing by the Officers. Finally, more researches should be encouraged on the subject matter for further identification of long term solutions to the problems affecting psychological well-being of police Officers in Makurdi metropolis in particular, and Nigeria at largeItem Following psychometric procedures: the development and validation prison distress scale (PDS)(Cenresin Publications, 2017) Ajala, A. M.; Osinowo, H.O.; Ineme, M.E.; Okhakume, S. A.; Oyeleke, J. T.This study adopted qualitative and quantitative methods to develop and validate Prison Distress Scale as a tool for detecting onset of mental illnesses among convicted prison inmates. The study was conducted in two phases. During the first phase, the initial 51 items were generated through Focus Croup Discussion CFGD) using 24 convicted inmates and Fey Informant Interview (KlI) using 5 convicted. They were purposively sampled from Agodi Prison. Two clinical psychologists and 1 rehabilitation psychologist validated the FCD and Kll Guides. During the second phase, 5 clinical psychologists validated the initial 51 items leaving a total of 47 items. They were administered to 220 convicted inmates were purposively selected from Oyo and Ogbomoso prisons. Their responses were subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS Version 17 and 15 items were found reliable with Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient of 0.84, Spearman Brown Co-efficient of 0.89, and Guttman Split-half Reliability of 0.85. Alpha for the splitted items (A= 0.91 and B = 0,85) were reliable.. The scale was further analyzed using exploratory factor - analysis and van max rotation to address the dimensionality of the scale. The Bartlett Test, Measure of Sampling Adequacy (MSA), and Bartlett Test of Sphericity indicated that the correlation matrix had significant correlations can be factorized. Kaiser-Meyer measure of MSA and Exploratory Factor Analysis yielded five factors explaining a total of 65.26% of the total variance (FMO (91) = 1575.94) and factor loading for the items ranged from 0.58 to 0.78. Factors yielded include Frustration (r= 0.76), Mental Distress (r = 0.70), Loss of Freedom (r = 0.74), and Socio- Emotional., Deprivation A r= 0.62). They formed the sub-scales in the instrument. For the external convergence validity, overall distress was correlated with the Spielbergers State Anxiety Scale and the result demonstrated a strong convergent .validity (r = 0.42, p<.05).The cross validation of Prison Distress Questionnaire with Davidson Trauma Scale yielded low discriminant coefficient of -.52. With this, Nigeria now has a psychological instrument to measure distress among prison inmatesItem Demographic variable and job stress as predictors of depression among primary school teachers in Lagos state of Nigeria(European Centre for Research Training and Development UK, 2017-09) Okhakhume, A. S.; Aroniyiaso, O. T.; Odetunde, A. O.Issues of increase rate of sick leave, mood swing, fatigue and decreased energy, Feelings of worthlessness and helplessness which could be responsible for discontent and poor morale, low teaching efficiency, poor relationships with pupils, parents and subordinate, premature retirement, more internal conflicts and dysfunctional workplace climate among primary school teachers which can also be link with their wellbeing attracted the attention of this study. This study adopted cross sectional research design and Questionnaires were used to gather data from the primary school teachers. Purposive sampling technique was used to select two hundred primary school teachers who participated in the study. Data collected was analyzed using version 20.0 of statistical package for social sciences. The findings of this study revealed that that there is no significant difference in the depression of female teachers compare to male teachers among primary school teachers in kosofe Local Government Area of Lagos state, Nigeria (t(198)=-1.249, p>.05). it was also discovered that that out of the socio-demographic variable, only monthly income made significant independent contribution to depression among primary school teachers (β=-0.227; t = -2.780; p<0.05). The result also revealed that primary school teachers with high stress reported higher depression than their counterpart with low stress (t(198)=-12.41, p<.05). Further analysis revealed that job stress and working experience had no significant joint influence on depression (F(5,194)=2.975; p>0.05; R=0.171, R2=0.029), and also showed that job stress made significant independent contribution to depression (β=0.162; t = 2.287; p<0.05) while working experience had no significant independent contribution to depression (β=-0.077; t = -1.091; p>0.05). The study concluded that there is significant influence of job stress and monthly income on depression among primary school teachers in kosofe Local Government Area of Lagos state, Nigeria and recommend that government, stakeholders and investors in the field of education should review the job roles of primary school teacher as this study discovered that many of their roles constituted stress and result to depression