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Item Carbonic anhydrase polymorphism in West African Dwarf goat populations of western Nigeria(2022) Awobajo, O.K.; Osaiyuwu, O.H.; Alademehin, M.O.Carbonic anhydrase polymorphism in West African Dwarf (WAD) goat populations, from Oyo and Ogun States was investigated using the cellulose acetate electrophoresis system. Blood samples of 5 mL were collected from 60 WAD goats (30 from Ibadan (Oyo State) and 30 from Ijebu-Ode (Ogun State), via the jugular veins and placed into heparinised bottles. The results of the electrophoresis analyses were subjected to statistical analysis using Tools For Population Genetic Analysis (TFPGA) software. The results revealed that two alleles, CAF and CAS govern the three genotypes (CAFF, CAFS and CASS) with CASS being prevalent. Allele frequencies ranged from 0.24 for CAF in Ijebu-Ode to 0.76 in CAS also from Ijebu-Ode while the genotype frequencies ranged from 0.09 in CAFF from Ijebu-Ode to 0.61 in CASS also from the Ijebu-Ode population. Deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was significant (P ≤ 0.05) in the population from Ibadan. Average gene diversity was 0.43, while the expected heterozygosity HE(0.47) was higher than the observed heterozygosity HO(0.25).Wright analysis showed that the populations sampled were from inbred populations with a positive FIT and FIS value (0.47, and 0.06 respectively) implying deficiency in heterozygote and the FST value of 0.45 indicating greater genetic differentiations among the populations giving opportunity for improvement.Item Genetic diversity at four Nigerian sheep breeds assessed by variation of albumin and carbonic anhydrase in cellulose acetate electrophoretic systems(Faculty of Agriculture, 2018) Osaiyuwu, O.H.; Akinyemi, M. O.; Salako, A.E.; Awobajo, O.K.The aim of the study was to evaluate the occurrence and distribution of variations in blood protein markers in sheep breeds in Nigeria and to evaluate the relationships that exist among them. Atotal of 100 sheep comprising of twenty-five each of Balami, Uda, Yankassa and West African Dwarf (WAD) breeds were sampled for biochemical studies. Blood was collected to determine variations at the Albumin and Carbonic Anhydrase (CA) structural protein loci using F S A B cellulose acetate electrophoresis. All tested loci were polymorphic yielding four allelic variants (CA , CA , Alb , and Alb ) at the two protein loci. Genetic variability in the studied population was accessed using heterozygosity (observed – Ho and expected – He), effective number of alleles (Ne), fixation index (F) and gene flow (Nm). Genotypic frequencies ranged from 0.01 to 0.62 for CA and 0.25 to 0.49 for Alb loci. Estimated heterozygosity values ranged from 0.32±0.28 at Balami sheep to 0.70±0.22 in WAD with a global average estimated at 0.43±0.09 for all the breeds studied. The gene flow values for each of the loci studied were 0.82 and 1.24 for Alb and CA, respectively, with an average value of 1.03. The results showed that Yankassa and Balami sheep populations are more genetically (Nei's genetic identify value – 0.99) alike compared to Yankassa and WAD (0.73). Based on the values of heterozygosity (mean He =0.70 and Ho =0.45) assessed by variation of albumin and carbonic anhydrase the most genetic diverse is WAD sheep breed among the studied populations.Item Frequencies of the Transferrin Alleles and Genotypes in West African Dwarf Goats of Southwestern Nigeria(2018) Awobajo, O.K.; Salako, A.E.; Osaiyuwu, O.H.; Akinyemi, M.O.The aim of this study was to determine the frequencies of Transferrin alleles and genotypes in West African Dwarf (WAD) goat. 140 adult WAD goats, maintained in four Southwestern States of Nigeria were used in the study. The polymorphism of transferrin was determined using Cellulose Acetate electrophoresis technique. It was found that the transferrin was controlled by two codominant alleles (TfA and TfB) in WAD goats. These two alleles, because of the codominant nature of inheritance, control the occurrence of three transferrin genotypes in the analyzed populations. The first two (TfAA and TfBB) were homozygous while the third one (TfAB) was heterozygous. The TfAB genotype was predominant with frequency of 0.90, 1.00, 0.87 and 0.55 in Ogun, Ondo, Osun and Oyo States respectively with a mean frequency of 0.83±0.20 while TfBB genotype was least common except for population from Osun State with a frequency of 0.05, 0.00, 0.22 and 0.15 in Ogun, Ondo, Osun and Oyo States respectively with a mean frequency of 0.08±0.07. The frequencies of transferrin alleles were 0.50, 0.50, 0.45 and 0.58 for TfA and 0.50, 0.50, 0.55and 0.43 for TfB in Ogun, Ondo, Osun and Oyo States respectively with a mean frequency of 0.49±0.05. Transferrin system showed genetic equilibrium in the analyzed population (χ2 value = 1.780). The observed heterozygosity was 0.91, 1.00, 0.87 and 0.55 43 in Ogun, Ondo, Osun and Oyo States respectively with a mean frequency of 0.84 and average Fis value of -0.6Item Analysis Of Genetic Structure Of West African Dwarf Goats By Allozyme Markers(2016) Awobajo, O.K.; Salako, A.E.; Akinyemi, M.O.; Osaiyuwu, O.H.Genetic variation at three allozyme (Haemoglobin, Carbonic Anhydrase and Transferrin) loci and popula-tion structure hypothesis were examined for West African Dwarf goat populations in four Southwesternstate of Nigeria. One hundred and forty animals, twenty from each sampling area comprising Ijebu-Ode and Ado-Odo, (Ogun state), Ondo, (Ondo state), Ile–Ife, Osogbo and Iwo, (Osun state), and Ibadan,(Oyo state), were randomly selected. Estimates of genetic variability such as effective number of allelesand gene diversities revealed substantial genetic variation frequently displayed by allozyme markers. Numbers of alleles observed across the allozyme loci varied from 246 to 250 with an overall meanof 247.33 ± 2.31. Average polymorphism across the studied loci and expected gene diversity in thepopulation were 0.63 ± 0.09 and 0.44 ± 0.09, respectively. Population was observed to be significantlydifferentiated into different groups, and showed fairly high level of outbreeding (f = −0.16 ± 0.44) andexcess heterozygosityItem Analysis Of Genetic Structure Of Nigerian West African Dwarf Goats By Microsatellite Markers markers(2015) Awobajo, O.K.; Salako, A.E.; Osaiyuwu, O.H.Genetic variation at 12 microsatellite loci and population structure hypothesis was examined for West African Dwarf (WAD) goat populations found in four Southwestern states in Nigeria. Estimates of genetic variability such as effective number of alleles and gene diversities revealed substantial genetic variation frequently displayed by microsatellite markers. Number of alleles observed across the microsatellite loci varied from 6 to 17 with an overall mean of 10.75 ± 3.22. Average polymorphism across the studied loci and expected gene diversity in the population were 1.66 ± 0.49 and 0.72 ± 0.17, respectively. Population was observed to be significantly differentiated into different groups, and showed fairly high level of inbreeding (f = 0.95 ± 0.15) and global heterozygote deficit.