scholarly works
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://repository.ui.edu.ng/handle/123456789/452
Browse
4 results
Search Results
Item Genetic polymorphism of myostatin (MSTN) in Nigerian sheep breeds(2021) Iroanya, G. I.; Osaiyuwu, O. H.; Emmanuel, H. O.; Fijabi, O. E.Myostatin (MSTN) also known as growth differentiation factor 8 (GDF-8) has been implicated to play an important role in growth regulation, and it is a candidate gene in marker assisted selection (MAS). This study was carried out to identify the polymorphism of MSTN gene as a genetic marker for growth traits in Nigerian indigenous sheep. Genomic DNA (gDNA) was extracted from blood samples of Balami, Yankasa, Uda and West African Dwarf (WAD) breeds of sheep. Parts of 5’UTR, intron and exon1 (614bp) was amplified using a primer sequence designed by FastPCR-primer software. The amplicons were digested with restriction enzyme HaeIII and the fragments produced were stained with luminescent dye and run on gel electrophoresis. The genetic structure of the sampled population was investigated after analysis with POPGENE32 software. The HaeIII digested results showed that Myostatin has three polymorphs (AA, AB and BB), controlled by two alleles (A and B), with B having a higher allelic frequency (82.84%) and BB genotype has the highest frequency of 73%. The sampled population showed a deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p<0.05) while the F-statistics results of the Nigerian breeds of sheep showed the breeds are genetically identical (33.40%) within them. The genetic distance matrix established that Uda and Yankasa show the greatest distant (3.00%) while Uda and WAD are almost identical (99.85%). The four breeds of sheep studied showed polymorphism for Myostatin gene in the intron 1 and exon 1. Myostatin, therefore, could be considered a candidate gene for MAS.Item Genetic Diversity Between Exotic And Nigerian Indigenous Turkey At Different Structural Loci(2018) Folorunsho, C. Y.; Salako, A. E.; Osaiyuwu, O. H.Poultry genetic resources in general are considered to be the most endangered and under-conserved, detailed attention is therefore needed on the existing genetic resources to reduce or prevent the increasing genetic erosion of local livestock. This study was conducted to characterize and estimate genetic diversity in Nigerian indigenous turkey and exotic turkey using blood proteins (Haemoglobin, Transferrin and Albumin) and enzyme (Carbonic Anhydrase and Esterase 1) markers. A total of 110 turkeys comprising 50 Nigerian indigenous turkeys and 60 exotic turkeys were used for the analysis. Separation of blood protein genotypes was achieved using cellulose acetate electrophoresis. The populations were characterized for their genetic variability using allele frequencies, observed heterozygosity, F-statistics (FIT, FIS, FST), test for Hardy-Weinberg and Genetic distance. Eleven variants were found at the five loci studied, two co-dominant allele A and B controlling three genotypes AA, AB, and BB were observed at Haemoglobin, Carbonic Anhydrase, Albumin and Esterase1 loci for both indigenous and exotic turkey breeds, a third allele C was observed in Transferrin locus. Allele A was the most frequency at the Hb, CA, Alb and Es1 locus in Nigerian indigenous turkey with frequencies 0.541, 0.541, 0.520, and 0.520 respectively and exotic turkey at Hb, Alb, and Es1 with frequencies 0.508, 0.617, and 0.508 respectively. Chi Square result indicated deviations from Hardy Weinberg equilibrium in the two populations. The average heterozygosity values were 0.56 and 0.477 indicating high genetic variability, heterozygote excess FIT was estimated at -0.050 while within breed excess as evaluated by FIS ranged from 0.370 to -0.336. The fixation index FST revealed that genetic diversity within the studied population was slightly differentiated. Genetic distance among the populations quantified through calculation of Nei’s Genetic distance was 0.008 while the identity was 0.992. Similarity in the estimated genetic variability parameters between the breeds indicates that the populations are closely related and there were no appreciable differences among them. This result obtained may be used as an initial guide in defining objectives for further investigations of genetic diversity and developing conservation strategies.Item Genetic Diversity of Prolactin Gene in Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) as Affected by Location in Nigeria(2016) Eichie, O.F.; Salako, A. E.; Osaiyuwu, O. H.; Aggrey, S. E.Restriction fragment length Polymorphism (RFLP) marker was used to investigate the effect of location on polymorphism, relationship and population structure with respect to prolactin gene (PRL gene) in Japanese quails in Nigeria. Blood samples were collected from thirty quails each from 5 different regions (North, South, West, East and North Central), for PRL loci analysis. DNA was extracted from the samples. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and electrophoresis was used to characterize a 24 base pair (bp) insertion/deletion (Indel) in a 358 bp PCR product. The populations were characterized for their genetic variability using allele frequencies, polymorphic information content, observed heterozygosity (Ho), genetic distance (D), F-statistics (FIT, FIS, FST), analysis of molecular variance, test for Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (H-WE) and cluster analysis. Two alleles A (0.35 to 0.63) and B (0.37 to 0.65) were observed at the PRL gene loci. The highest FIT was recorded between 0.10 (East) and 0.19 (North) indicating inbreeding within the population. The FIS among populations were between 0.09 (North central) and 0.14 (North) while FST ranged from 0.001 (North central) to 0.06 (North), indicating moderate genetic differentiation among populations. Chi Square result indicated that the population were not in H-WE. The phylogenetic relationships showed that the population from the 5 regions had common descent. Clusters from the combined population showed that PRL gene is based on individual genotype and not location. AMOVA analysis showed that 3% of the total genetic variation was explained by population difference, 19% by variation among individuals and 77% within individuals. The results showed that study of prolactin gene diversity is useful for decision making for selective breeding and conservation strategies for Japanese quails irrespective of the location.Item Haemoglobin Polymorphism in Red Sokoto Goats of Nigeria(2013) Osaiyuwu, O. H.This study describes the genetic structure from the Hb locus in goats of the Red Sokoto type. The haemotypification of the individuals at the Hb locus was achieved by Cellulose acetate electrophoresis. The haemoglobin polymorphism in the Red Sokoto goat was identified in the electrophoretic field of three migration zones: the fast haemoglobin named HbA type, the intermediate migration labelled HbAHbB type and the slow haemoglobin designated HbB type. These phenotypes were determined by the two co-dominant alleles, HbA and HbB' The two alleles control three haemoglobin genotypes: two homozygotes, HbAHbA and HbBHbB, and one heterozygote, HbAHbB. The allele HbA had a higher frequency (60.4%) than the allele HbB (39.6%). The HbAHbB heterozygotes had a higher incidence in the population (64.15%) in comparison with the other two homozygous genotypes; the HbAHbA had a middling frequency (28.30%) and HbBHbB had the least occurrence (7.55%). The observed haemoglobin homozygotness (35.8%) was less than the haemoglobin heterozygotness (64.2%) in the current study. This indicates that environmental conditions, selection system or breeding methods has disturbed the Hardy-Weinberg genetic equilibrium at the Hb locus level in the population of Red Sokoto goats