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Item Volatile fatty acids and microbial load of West African dwarf rams fed ammonium sulphate-fortified diets(Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, 2016) Akinlade, A. T.; Ososanya, T. O.Growing West African Dwarf (WAD) rams, aged between 6 and 8 months with mean body weight of 12.80 ± 0.12kg were used to predict rumen microbial population and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) for 105 days. The growing WAD rams were randomly allotted to four dietaiy treatments with four rams per treatment group in a completely randomized design. The compared experimental diets were: Each group was assigned to experimental diet shown below and ammonium sulphate at inclusion level of 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5g/kg (NH(4)2SO(4) were added to it as Tl, T2, T3 and T4 respectively. Results showed that, rumen ammonia nitrogen coneentration (1.17mg/100ml), rumen bacteria (7.17cfu/ml), rumen fungi (4.47 cfu/ml), rumen pH (6.82) and propionate acid (33.25mmol/100ml) were significantly (P < 0.05) highest in growing rams on T4 compared to other treatment diets. Rumen temperature (38.95°C), rumen protozoa (5.39ml), acetic acid (21.51%) and butyric acid (12.85%) were significantly (P < 0.05) better in growing WAD rams on Tl. Propionate formation can be considered as a competitive pathway for hydrogen use in the rumen and it ranges from 19.25-22.41 mmole/100ml and is statistically difference because sulphate reducing bacteria compete with methanogenic archaea for hydrogen when sulphate is present Also, ammonium sulphate can be referred to as anti-methanogenic compounds because it reduces the protozoal numbers in the rumen and it ranges from 5.36 to 5.95 mi. It was concluded that, ammonium sulphate fortified diets is a potential source of readily available nitrogen and sulphur which enhances the growth of microbial population due to their high solubility and ability to be rapidly degraded to NH(3) in die rumen thereby enhancing ruminant productivity especially when fed at 7.5g/kg (NH(4)2SO(4).Item Influence of ensiled pineapple waste on microbial population and fermentation in the rumen of West African Dwarf rams(Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry University of Ibadan, Ibadan, 2015) Ososanya, T. O.; Jimoh, F. A.Pineapple waste (PW) is a by-product of pineapple processing industries. There has been the problem of disposal of the waste causing environmental pollution and health hazards. This study was conducted to harness PW into animal feed stuff to replace cassava peel in silages containing Panicum maximum and urea. A total of sixteen West African dwarf (WAD) rams weighing 11.50 ± 1.5kg were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments. The replacement rates were 90% PW, 60% PW, 30% PW and 0% PW respectively. Silages have very good physical characteristics of colour and texture with slightly acidic pH. Similarly, chemical analyses revealed increased dietary crude protein and crude fibre with PW replacement while dry matter was reversed. There were significant increase in the rumen pH which increased with PW inclusion. The same trend was obtained in rumen NH4-N (mg/dL) ranging from 3.69-7.18mg/dL and were significantly different across the treatments. The different volatile fatty acid (VFA) components had values that were statistically different and increased with the level of supplementation of PW. Lactic acid, butyric acid, propionic acid and acetic acid values ranged between 1.68-6.55, 0.74-4.46, 0.56-2.43, and 5.41-10.02 mg/dL, respectively. Fungi and bacteria population obtained for rams fed 4- hours post feeding showed that fungi population was highest at PW60 inclusion rate with an increase of 5.17cfu/ml amounting to 67.84%> and lowest at PWO which increased by 0.75cfu/ml amounting to 19.08%. Bacteria population increased as PW inclusion increased at 8.68, 4.73, 4.65, and 3.57cfu/ml, respectively. Therefore, PW could be ensiled and recycled for use in sheep diet thereby combating environmental pollution caused by the waste