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Item Performance of broiler chickens fed diets supplemented with feed grade enzyme(2009-07) Abu, O. A.; Igwebuike, J. U.; Abu, J. Z.The effect of dietary supplementation of a commercial multi-enzyme complex (Avizyme 1500™) on the performance and nutrient digestibility by broiler finishers was investigated. A total of 120 d-old broiler chickens was assigned to four treatments each having two replicates of 15 birds in a 2 x 2 factorial block design. Avizyme was-incorporated into the finisher diets at inclusion levels of 0 (high and low fibre diets), 1.0 and 2.0g/Kg diets in diets 1-4 respectively. The study covered the finisher phase (4-8 week period). Results obtained indicated that incorporation of Avizyme up to 2.0g/Kg diet into broiler finisher diet produced no significant (P > 0.05) effects on average daily feed intake and feed conversion efficiency of the birds but depressed daily weight gain (P < 0.05). The average final body weight followed the same trend as the daily weight gain, as the birds fed control diet and diet containing 1g/kg Avizyme did best (P < 0.05). The digestibility of nutrients did not differ significantly (P > 0.05) among treatments. Birds on the control diet used nutrients better than the rest treatments. The haematological parameters such as Packed Cell Volume (PCV), Haemoglobin (Hb), White Blood Cell (WBC), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin (MCH), and Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) except for Red Blood Corpuscles (RBC) did not differ (P > 0.05) among treatments. Dressing percentage, cut-up parts and weight of organs expressed as a percentage of body weight did not differ significantly (P > .0.05). The results of this study showed that the inclusion of 1 g/kg of the enzyme mixture into broiler finisher diet did not show any adverse effect on the performance and blood parameters of the broiler chickens. The 1 g/kg level of inclusion of enzyme in the diet appears to be most beneficial to the farmer in view of its relatively better results.Item Performance characteristics of growing rabbits fed glicidia sepium leaf meal as a replacement for groundnut(Bioline International, 1999) Dada, S. A. O.; Abu, O. A.; Okeowo, T. A.; Badmus, O. R.The study involved 16 weaner crossbred (New Zealand White and Chinchila) rabbits of about eight weeks of a.fetz with initial average weight of 0.69 kg. The animals were offered a measured amount of their respective diets. The level of replacement of groundnut cake with Gliricidia leaf meal (GLM) were 0, 25 50 and 75%, to give four diets which were fed ad libitum throughout the experimental period of 35 days. The similar average daily feed intake of the rabbit fed 0, 25 and 50% GLM included diets was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than the corresponding daily weight gain of the rabbits fed 25 and 50% GLM diets and those fed 75% GLM diet recorded the least (P < 0.05) daily gain. Dry matter intake (DMI) was significantly correlated with daily weight gain (r = 0.94, P < 0.05) and feed efficiency (r = 0.90, P < 0.05).Item Assessment of the effects of supplementing rabbit diets with a culture of saccharomyces cerevisiae using performance, blood composition and clinical enzyme activities(Elsevier, 1999) Onifade, A. A.; Obiyan, R. I.; Onipede, E.; Adejumo, D. O.; Abu, O. A.; Babatunde, G. M.The effects of dietary supplementation with a pure culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae at 0.0, 1.5 and 3.0 g kg−1 on growth performance, blood composition and clinical enzyme activities in serum of rabbits were studied during a 56-day experiment. Rabbits fed 3.0 g kg−1 attained the heaviest (P < 0.05) body weight, consumed the highest (P < 0.05) quantity of feed and had the best (P < 0.05) feed conversion. Rabbits fed 1.5 g kg−1 yeast had higher (P < 0.05) body weight, feed intake and feed conversion efficiency than the unsupplemented group. The haematocrit, erythrocytes, haemoglobin, serum albumin: globulin ratio, and erythrocytic indices in rabbits fed 3.0 g kg−1 were superior (P < 0.05) to the unsupplemented group. Other haematological indices were similar (P > 0.05); but differential populations of lymphocytes were fewer (P < 0.05) and monocytes and eosinophils were larger (P < 0.05) in rabbits fed the basal group. Serum Ca2+, globulin, cholesterol, aspartate and alanine aminotransferases, and alkaline phosphatase were higher (P < 0.05) in the basal group than with the yeast-supplemented diets. The data obtained suggest that yeast addition significantly improved growth performance, enhanced haematopoiesis, reduced serum cholesterol and maintained the serum enzymes at normal ranges. Furthermore, the activities of the clinical enzymes suggested liver- and bone-specific advantages from supplemental yeast. The effects of yeast were dose-dependent, and there is a need to determine the economically optimum dietary concentration.Item Productive response of rabbits to supplemental copper in a diet based on tropical feedstuffs(Taylor & Francis, 1998) Onifade, A. A.; Abu, O. A.Effects of supplemental copper in a diet based on tropical feedstuffs on productive performance, carcass measurements and haematology of rabbits were investigated in a 70d trial. Copper as CuS04.5H2O was supplemented at 0, 125, 250 and 375 mg kg-1 into a basal diet. The basal diet served as control treatment. Eight rabbits, each constituting a replicate, were fed on one of the experimental diets. The results showed that daily weight gain and feed intake of the rabbits fed 250 and 375 mg kg-1 supplemental copper were the highest followed by rabbits fed 125 mg kg-1 and the basal diet. Relative weights of the selected organs were similar except for the brain that tended to be lower in rabbits fed 250 and 375 mg kg-1 copper. Haemoglobin, packed cell volume and red blood counts were lower on 375 mg kg-1, however, haematological indices in rabbits fed 125 and 250 mg kg-1 were superior to other treatments. The results indicated that supplemental copper in a diet based on tropical feedstuffs improved performance, supported adequate organ development and might adversely affect haematopoiesis in rabbits at 375 mg kg-1 rate of inclusion.Item Effect of three sources of fibre and period of feeding on the performance, carcass measures, organ relative weight and meat quality in broilers(Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2005) Iyayi, E. A.; Ogunsola, O.; Ijaya, R.One hundred and fifty male broilers were used in a 3 x 3 factorial design to evaluate the effect of 3 periods (4, 8 and 12 weeks) and 3 fibre sources namely; brewer’s dried grain (BDG), palm kernel meal (PKM) and corn bran (CB) in place of maize on the performance, carcase measures and meat quality in the birds. A sensory evaluation to determine the overall acceptability of the meat was also carried out. Four diets were formulated consisting of a basal diet containing none of the test fibre ingredients. In the remaining 3 diets, either of BDG, CB or PKM was used to replace 40% of the maize. A separate balance study was also carried out to determine the digestibility of nutrients in the birds. BDG, CB and PKM significantly (p<0.01) reduced the weight and feed conversion in the birds but period of feeding resulted in increased body weights of the birds. BDG, CB and PKM significantly (p<0.01) reduced the eviscerated weights and the weights of carcase parts but period significantly (p<0.01) increased them. Dietary treatment, period and their interaction significantly (p<0.01) reduced the abdominal fat in the birds and caused a significant (p<0.05) increase in the lengths of the duodenum, ileum, caecum and colon as well as the weight of the intestines. Digestibility of nutrients was significantly (p<0.1) reduced in birds on the fibre diets. The shear force values in carcase parts were significantly increased in the BDG, CB and PKM diets while the cooking loss was significantly (p<0.05) reduced in these diets. Period and interaction with dietary treatment also caused a significant (p<0.01) reduction in cooking loss. Tenderness, flavour and juiciness were significantly (p<0.01) influenced by period and not treatment but overall acceptability of the meat was significantly (p<0.05) increased by both factors. Results of the study suggest 1) 40% BDG, CB and PKM replacement of maize has a negative effect on the weight gain and feed conversion of broilers, 2) 40 % level of BDG, CB and PKM caused an increase in the weights and lengths of the visceral organs and reduced carcase weight in broilers, 3) production of broilers up 10-12 weeks on 40% BDG, CB or PKM diet resulted in creased flavour, juiciness, higher shear force, reduced tenderness, reduced cooking loss but increased general acceptability of broiler meat.