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Item Genetic polymorphism of myostatin (MSTN) in Nigerian sheep breeds(2021) Iroanya, G. I.; Osaiyuwu, O. H.; Emmanuel, H. O.; Fijabi, O. E.Myostatin (MSTN) also known as growth differentiation factor 8 (GDF-8) has been implicated to play an important role in growth regulation, and it is a candidate gene in marker assisted selection (MAS). This study was carried out to identify the polymorphism of MSTN gene as a genetic marker for growth traits in Nigerian indigenous sheep. Genomic DNA (gDNA) was extracted from blood samples of Balami, Yankasa, Uda and West African Dwarf (WAD) breeds of sheep. Parts of 5’UTR, intron and exon1 (614bp) was amplified using a primer sequence designed by FastPCR-primer software. The amplicons were digested with restriction enzyme HaeIII and the fragments produced were stained with luminescent dye and run on gel electrophoresis. The genetic structure of the sampled population was investigated after analysis with POPGENE32 software. The HaeIII digested results showed that Myostatin has three polymorphs (AA, AB and BB), controlled by two alleles (A and B), with B having a higher allelic frequency (82.84%) and BB genotype has the highest frequency of 73%. The sampled population showed a deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p<0.05) while the F-statistics results of the Nigerian breeds of sheep showed the breeds are genetically identical (33.40%) within them. The genetic distance matrix established that Uda and Yankasa show the greatest distant (3.00%) while Uda and WAD are almost identical (99.85%). The four breeds of sheep studied showed polymorphism for Myostatin gene in the intron 1 and exon 1. Myostatin, therefore, could be considered a candidate gene for MAS.Item Melanocortin 4 receptor (Mc4r) gene polymorphism and its association with body weights of some breeds of rabbit.(2020) Osaiyuwu, O.H.; Bolaji, U. F. O.; Adeyinka, O. A.; Akinyemi, M. O.; Salako, A.In livestock production, traditional methods o f selection have always been the way to go.However, with the advent o f genomics techniques, methods such as PCR-RFLP is been employed to identify single nucleotide polymorphism o f likely candidate genes useful for livestock selection and improvement. Therefore, the aim o f this study was to investigate the association o f Melanocortin 4 Receptor (MC4R) gene polymorphism with the body weight of rabbits. Seventy-four rabbits were usedfor this study consisting o f six breeds; 26 Chinchilla, 3 Californian, 11 Dutch, 4 English Spot, 10 New Zealand White and 20 Fauve de Bourgogne (FDB) breeds. Blood samples were collectedfrom the animals with needle and syringe and transferred unto FTA cards and stored away from light. Body weight measurements on the animals were recorded from 2 weeks to 20 weeks. PCR-RFLP analysis produced three genotypes AA, AG, GG with genotype frequency o f 0.14, 0.69 and 0.18 respectively. Allele frequency 0.48 and 0.52 fo r allele A and G respectively was obtained. Chi-square test showed that the population was not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Association analysis between the MC4R “c.101G>A” SNP and body weight o f rabbit was tested using GLM procedure of SAS programme. Genotype GG had higher body weight (p<0.05) at 12, 16 and 20 weeks in the Dutch rabbits while genotype AA recorded a higher (p<0.05) body weight value at 12 weeks in New Zealand White rabbits. More so, female Dutch rabbits had higher (p<0.05) mean weight than the males at 12, 16 and 20 weeks o f age. Male New Zealand White breeds recorded higher (p<0.05) mean weight than the female animals. The result of the study showed that MC4R “c.101G>A” SNP was not associated with the body weight in the studied rabbit population, although, genotype AA had higher mean weight values at 12, 16 and 20 weeks o f age than genotypes AG and GG.Item Association Between Igf- 1 Gene Polymorphisms And Body Weight In Nigeria Locally Adapted Turkeys(The Genetics Society of Nigeria, 2018) Oyewola, K. A.; Osaiyuwu, O.H.; Fijabi, O.E.; Shobanke, I.A.; Nwokorie, G.I.; Ewuola, K.M.The insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) gene polymorphism plays important roles in development, growth and reproduction. Genetic intervention for the improvement o f Nigeria locally adapted turkeys based on growth rate and higher mature weight is important. This study was aimed at investigating the association between IGF-1 gene polymorphism and body weights in Nigeria locally adapted turkeys using PCR-RFLP method. Fifty poults were randomly selected for DNA analysis at 10 weeks. Zymo Miniprep kit was used for genomic DNA extraction from blood samples and 529bp fragment o f intron 2 o f IGF-1 gene was amplified. The genetic structure o f the population was analysed using POPGENE 32 software. Association o f the genotypes with body weight was evaluated using the General linear model of SAS 9.2. The enzyme digested products revealed A and B alleles with frequencies o f 0.61 and 0.39 respectively. Two genotypes A A (0.38) and AB (0.62) were detected. Chi-square test (0.001830) for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium showed that the population sampled was not in equilibrium for the gene investigated. Also, significant association was not observed between IGF-1 polymorphs and body weight at 4, 8 and 12 weeks o f age in Nigeria locally adapted turkeys.Item Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 2 (Igf-2) Gene Associated W Ith Bodyweights Of Nigerian Locally Adapted Turkey(2022) Ewuola, M. K.; Akinyemi, M.O.; Osaiyuwu, O.H.; Fatai, R.B.; Tiamiyu, A.K.; Oso, Y.A.A.; Salako,A.E.The Insulin-Like Growth Factor 2 (IGF-2) gene was studied as a candidate gene for bodyweight of three turkey populations (Black, Spotted and White strains). The primer was designed to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms of exon2 at the IGF-2 locus by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Co-dominant alleles A and B corresponding to genotypes AA, AB and BB were detected at the locus tested. No significant (P>0.05) associations were recorded for all the genotypes detected with bodyweights of the population utilized at weeks 3, 7, 9, 11 and 21 but bodyweights of homozygote BB genotypes across the three strains were higher than those of AA and AB genotypes. Significant differences (P<0.05) also occurred for male and female turkeys at weeks 15 and 19. No significant (P>0.05) association of different genotypes with bodyweight at other weeks were observed (P <0.05). The products amplified displayed polymorphism and the variation in exon2 of IGF-2 gene may be a molecular marker for superior growth in the turkey populations utilized.