Scholarly works in Pharmaceutical Microbiology

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://repository.ui.edu.ng/handle/123456789/394

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Author: search.filters.author.Idowu, P. A.Subject: search.filters.subject.Antimicrobial activity

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    Antimicrobial, phytochemical and cytotoxicity activities of extracts of Lannea welwitschii (Hiern) Engl. (Annacardiaceae)
    (Science Association of Nigeria, 2012) Idowu, P. A.; Idowu, D. O.
    Towards-discovering new agents to treat microbial infections, methanolic extracts of leaves, stem and roots of Lannea welwitschii were screened for antibacterial and antifungal activity against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Salmonella typhimurium (ATCC 14028), Proteus vulgaris (ATCC 6380), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Rhizopus spp. (Lab Stock) and Candida albicans (ATCC 18804). Agar cup diffusion method was used to determine zone of inhibition while Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) on Staph, aureus and E. coli were determined by agar dilution method. Phytochemical screening was done to determine the type of secondary metabolite while cytotoxicity was determined by Brine-Shrimps Lethality (BSL) assay. All the plant parts showed antimicrobial activity against all the test organisms with zone of inhibition of 11.0-20.0 mm, and MIC of 0.31 and 0.62mg/ml on Staph, aureus (ATCC 25923) and E. coli (ATCC 25922) respectively. The LC50 from the cytotoxicity test (BSL) were 196.49 and 100.00 µg/mL for the leaves and stem extracts respectively. Saponins, tannins, cardiac glycosides (steroids) and flavonoids were detected. Therefore L. welwitschii as a medicinal plant contains metabolites having broad spectrum antimicrobial activity, and the methanolic extracts were relatively non-toxic..
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    Antimicrobial activity of the crude extracts and isolated fractions of Garcinia kola Heckel stem bark
    (Science Association of Nigeria, 2006) Idowu, P. A.; Moody, J. O.; Odelola, H. A.
    The stem bark of Garcinia kola, commonly used for various ailments in traditional medicine in Nigeria was examined for antimicrobial activity. Crude chloroform and methanolic extracts and fractions isolated from the chloroform extract using column chromatography were screened for in-vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities. As tested using agar cup diffusion method on Staphylococcus aureus (NCTC 6571), Escherichia coli (NCTC 9001), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (NCTC 6750), Bacillus cereus (Lab. Stock), Candida albicans .(NCTC 7534) and Aspergillus niger (Lab. Stock), the crude extracts showed good activity at 10 and 20mg/ml respectively. The 14 fractions isolated from the column chromatography also showed varying but significant degree of activity on most of the tested organisms at lOOpg/ml. The study has shown that G. Kola bark has antimicrobial activities that justify its uses in traditional medicine in Nigeria as anti-infective agent. Also, the fact that most fractions showed antimicrobial activity is an indication that G. Kola bark has many antimicrobial constituents which are different but closely related.