Scholarly works in Pharmaceutical Microbiology
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://repository.ui.edu.ng/handle/123456789/394
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Item Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial Aactivity of methanol extracts of usteria guineensis and Sphaerocoryne gracilipes on pathogens and ESBL-producing escherichia coli(Sciencedomain International, 2024) Idowu, P. A.; Amali, E. D.; Okunye, O. L.; Adeyemo, E. O.Antibiotic resistance of microbial pathogens has become a threat to public health, with observed increase in outbreak of infections, therapeutic failure, morbidity and mortality. Pathogenic Escherichia coli and other extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria causes serious health challenges due to antimicrobial resistance. This has caused an increasing research on medicinal plants as a source of alternative potential therapeutic agents. In this study, antimicrobial activity of Usteria guineensis (UG) and Sphaerocoryne gracilipes (SG) was investigated on standard organisms and clinical isolates of ESBL-producing E. coli. The leaves of Usteria guineensis and Sphaerocoryne gracilipes were extracted using methanol. Phytochemical analysis was carried out on the medicinal plants according to standard procedure. The clinical isolates of E. coli were screened for the production of ESBL using double disc synergy test, with E. coli ATCC 25922 as standard. Agar well diffusion method was used to determine antibacterial activity of the extracts at 100 and 25 mg/mL while Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were assessed using broth micro-dilution method. Statistical analysis was done using ANNOVA. The two plants contain cardiac glycoside, alkaloids and saponin and 11/15 (80%) of the E. coli isolates show the production of the ESBL. The extracts of the two plants showed antibacterial activity against ESBL E. coli with zone of inhibition ranging between 11 to 18 mm for Usteria guineensis and 12 to 15 mm for Sphaerocoryne gracilipes. The MIC of the extracts ranged between 0.78 to 50 mg/mL and MBC from 12.5 to >50 mg/mL for the ESBL producers and the standard strains. Therefore, the two plants, especially Usteria guineensis have potentials to be developed as alternative therapeutic agents for the treatment of infections caused by ESBL-producing pathogens like Escherichia coli.Item Extracts of Trichilia heudelotii (Meliaceae) planch, a Nigerian medicinal plant have antibacterial and antifungal activity(Sciencedomain International, 2024) Adeniyi, B. A.; Adagbasa, O. O.; Idowu, P. A.; Igbokwe, C. O.; Moody, J. O.; Aiyelaagbe, O. O.There is no overemphasizing the need for novel phytotherapeutic agents to combat the menace of drug resistance in microbial pathogens. Many plant species so far, have yielded some bioactive compounds with great promise for such drugs. Trichilia heudelotii (Meliaceae) is commonly used in traditional medicine in Nigeria for the treatment of many microbial infections ranging from gastrointestinal infections to gonorrhea. This study is thus designed to determine the phytochemicals present in T. heudeloti and evaluate the plant’s extracts' antimicrobial activity on some bacterial and fungal isolates. The phytochemical screening was done using standard procedures. Soxhlet extracts using n-hexane and methanol were drying in vacuo. The methanol extract was partitioned into petroleum ether, chloroform, and aqueous fractions. The antibacterial and antifungal activity of the extracts determined using the agar-well diffusion method. The MICs were determined for the extracts using the agar dilution method. The qualitative phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, alkaloids, cardenolides, and anthraquinones in the leaf, stem bark, and root bark of T. heudelotii. The extracts showed considerable activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms, and fungi with dermatophytes including Klebsiella spp, Escherichia coli, Proteus spp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycobacterium smegmatis, Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus stolonifer, Penicillium spp, Microsporium canis, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. The mean diameter of zones of inhibition exhibited by the extracts ranged between 10mm+ 0.5 and 32+ 0.33mm. The methanol extracts compared favourably with the gentamycin (standard control). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranged between 0.157mg/mL and 20mg/mL. The crude methanol extracts and methanol residue showed the highest activity of all the extracts while the hexane extract showed the lowest activity and the Petroleum ether fraction was inactive. These results showed the potential of T. heudelotii as a possible candidate for bioactive compounds for the discovery and development of new drugs for the treatment of diseases caused by test pathogens.Item Extracts of Trichilia heudelotii (Meliaceae) planch, a Nigerian medicinal plant have antibacterial and antifungal activity(Sciencedomain International, 2024) Adeniyi, B. A.; Adagbasa, O. O.; Idowu, P. A.; Igbokwe, C. O.; Moody, J. O.; Aiyelaagbe, O. O.There is no overemphasizing the need for novel phytotherapeutic agents to combat the menace of drug resistance in microbial pathogens. Many plant species so far, have yielded some bioactive compounds with great promise for such drugs. Trichilia heudelotii (Meliaceae) is commonly used in traditional medicine in Nigeria for the treatment of many microbial infections ranging from gastrointestinal infections to gonorrhea. This study is thus designed to determine the phytochemicals present in T. heudeloti and evaluate the plant’s extracts' antimicrobial activity on some bacterial and fungal isolates. The phytochemical screening was done using standard procedures. Soxhlet extracts using n-hexane and methanol were drying in vacuo. The methanol extract was partitioned into petroleum ether, chloroform, and aqueous fractions. The antibacterial and antifungal activity of the extracts determined using the agar-well diffusion method. The MICs were determined for the extracts using the agar dilution method. The qualitative phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, alkaloids, cardenolides, and anthraquinones in the leaf, stem bark, and root bark of T. heudelotii. The extracts showed considerable activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms, and fungi with dermatophytes including Klebsiella spp, Escherichia coli, Proteus spp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycobacterium smegmatis, Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus stolonifer, Penicillium spp, Microsporium canis, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. The mean diameter of zones of inhibition exhibited by the extracts ranged between 10mm+ 0.5 and 32+ 0.33mm. The methanol extracts compared favourably with the gentamycin (standard control). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranged between 0.157mg/mL and 20mg/mL. The crude methanol extracts and methanol residue showed the highest activity of all the extracts while the hexane extract showed the lowest activity and the Petroleum ether fraction was inactive. These results showed the potential of T. heudelotii as a possible candidate for bioactive compounds for the discovery and development of new drugs for the treatment of diseases caused by test pathogens.Item Antimicrobial, phytochemical and antioxidant screening of acalypha fimbriata Leaf Extract for alternative antimicrobial therapy(Faculty of Physical Sciences and Faculty of LifeSciences, Univ. of Ilorin, Nigeria, 2023) Okunye, O. L.; Idowu, P. A.; Okanlawon, B. M.; Adejumo, O. E.; Saka, A. S.; Oyinloye, O. E.; Ayedun, J. S.; Adeyemo, O. M.; Kaseem, L. S.; Idowu, A. O.In folklore, Acalypha fimbriata have been associated with ‘cure all’ properties, but without sufficient empirical ethnopharmacological scientific backups. This research work is therefore necessitated to determine the antimicrobial, phytochemicals and antioxidant activity of Acalypha fimbriata. The leaf of Acalypha fimbriata were Soxhlet extracted, reconstituted, and screened for phytochemical constituent of antimicrobial importance. Conventional biochemical characterization was carried out on the isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae obtained for the research work and the antimicrobial activity of the plant sample was determined using the agar well diffusion technique. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the extract were determined by broth dilution method on the isolates. The antioxidant activity of the extract was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method and Graphpad prism were used to interprets the data. Alkaloids, flavonoid, anthraquinones, tannins and saponins was found in the leaf extract. Staphylococcus aureus exhibited highest zone of growth inhibition (28mm) at 100mg/ml while Pseudomonas aeruginosa had the lowest (14mm) at 100mg/ml from the antimicrobial assay. In the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration, Staphylococcus aureus exhibited MIC and MBC at 0.625μg/ml and 12.5 μg/ml, while Pseudomonas aeruginosa elicited MIC and MBC at 10 μg/ml and >10 μg/ml of MIC and MBC respectively.Themethanol extract of the plant acted as hydrogen/electrons donor or scavenger of radicals with fifty percent inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 59.83 μg/ml while that of Ascorbic acid (standard) was found to be 92.70 μg/ml using.The varied MIC’s and MBC’s obtained coupled with the values recorded for the antioxidant radicals validate the antimicrobial and antioxidant potential of Acalypha fimbriata that can be explored for therapeutic option, if further purified and optimally processed.Item Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of methanol extracts of Usteria guineensis and Sphaerocoryne gracilipes on pathogens and ESBL-producing Escherichia coli(West Bengal, India, 2024) Idowu, P. A.; Amali, E. D.; Okunye, O. L.; Adeyemo, E. O.Antibiotic resistance of microbial pathogens has become a threat to public health, with observed increase in outbreak of infections, therapeutic failure, morbidity and mortality. Pathogenic Escherichia coli and other extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria causes serious health challenges due to antimicrobial resistance. This has caused an increasing research on medicinal plants as a source of alternative potential therapeutic agents. In this study, antimicrobial activity of Usteria guineensis (UG) and Sphaerocoryne gracilipes (SG) was investigated on standard organisms and clinical isolates of ESBL-producing E. coli. The leaves of Usteria guineensis and Sphaerocoryne gracilipes were extracted using methanol. Phytochemical analysis was carried out on the medicinal plants according to standard procedure. The clinical isolates of E. coli were screened for the production of ESBL using double disc synergy test, with E. coli ATCC 25922 as standard. Agar well diffusion method was used to determine antibacterial activity of the extracts at 100 and 25 mg/mL while Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were assessed using broth micro-dilution method. Statistical analysis was done using ANNOVA. The two plants contain cardiac glycoside, alkaloids and saponin and 11/15 (80%) of the E. coli isolates show the production of the ESBL. The extracts of the two plants showed antibacterial activity against ESBL E. coli with zone of inhibition ranging between 11 to 18 mm for Usteria guineensis and 12 to 15 mm for Sphaerocoryne gracilipes. The MIC of the extracts ranged between 0.78 to 50 mg/mL and MBC from 12.5 to >50 mg/mL for the ESBL producers and the standard strains. Therefore, the two plants, especially Usteria guineensis have potentials to be developed as alternative therapeutic agents for the treatment of infections caused by ESBL-producing pathogens like Escherichia coli.Item Extracts of Trichilia heudelotii (Meliaceae) Planch, a Nigerian medicinal plant have antibacterial and antifungal activity.(West Bengal, India, 2024) Adeniyi, B. A.; Adagbasa, O. O.; Idowu, P. A.; Igbokwe, C. O.; Moody, J. O. B.; Aiyelaagbe, O. O.There is no overemphasizing the need for novel phytotherapeutic agents to combat the menace of drug resistance in microbial pathogens. Many plant species so far, have yielded some bioactive compounds with great promise for such drugs. Trichilia heudelotii (Meliaceae) is commonly used in traditional medicine in Nigeria for the treatment of many microbial infections ranging from gastrointestinal infections to gonorrhea. This study is thus designed to determine the phytochemicals present in T. heudeloti and evaluate the plant’s extracts' antimicrobial activity on some bacterial and fungal isolates. The phytochemical screening was done using standard procedures. Soxhlet extracts using n-hexane and methanol were drying in vacuo. The methanol extract was partitioned into petroleum ether, chloroform, and aqueous fractions. The antibacterial and antifungal activity of the extracts determined using the agar-well diffusion method. The MICs were determined for the extracts using the agar dilution method. The qualitative phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, alkaloids, cardenolides, and anthraquinones in the leaf, stem bark, and root bark of T. heudelotii. The extracts showed considerable activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms, and fungi with dermatophytes including Klebsiella spp, Escherichia coli, Proteus spp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycobacterium smegmatis, Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus stolonifer, Penicillium spp, Microsporium canis, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. The mean diameter of zones of inhibition exhibited by the extracts ranged between 10mm+ 0.5 and 32+ 0.33mm. The methanol extracts compared favourably with the gentamycin (standard control). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranged between 0.157mg/mL and 20mg/mL. The crude methanol extracts and methanol residue showed the highest activity of all the extracts while the hexane extract showed the lowest activity and the Petroleum ether fraction was inactive. These results showed the potential of T. heudelotii as a possible candidate for bioactive compounds for the discovery and development of new drugs for the treatment of diseases caused by test pathogens.Item Antimicrobial, phytochemical and antioxidant screening of Acalypha fimbriata leaf extract for alternative antimicrobial therapy.(Faculty of Physical Sciences and Faculty of LifeSciences, University of Ilorin, Nigeria, 2023) Okunye, O. L.; Idowu, P. A.; Okanlawon, B. M.; Adejumo, O. E.; Saka, A. S.; Oyinloye, O. E.; Ayedun, J. S.; Adeyemo, O. M.; Kaseem, L. S.; Idowu, A. O.In folklore, Acalypha fimbriata have been associated with ‘cure all’ properties, but without sufficient empirical ethno[1]pharmacological scientific backups. This research work is therefore necessitated to determine the antimicrobial, phytochemicals and antioxidant activity of Acalypha fimbriata. The leaf of Acalypha fimbriata were Soxhlet extracted, reconstituted, and screened for phytochemical constituent of antimicrobial importance. Conventional biochemical characterization was carried out on the isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae obtained for the research work and the antimicrobial activity of the plant sample was determined using the agar well diffusion technique. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the extract were determined by broth dilution method on the isolates. The antioxidant activity of the extract was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method and Graphpad prism were used to interprets the data. Alkaloids, flavonoid, anthraquinones, tannins and saponins was found in the leaf extract. Staphylococcus aureus exhibited highest zone of growth inhibition (28mm) at 100mg/ml while Pseudomonas aeruginosa had the lowest (14mm) at 100mg/ml from the antimicrobial assay. In the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration, Staphylococcus aureus exhibited MIC and MBC at 0.625µg/ml and 12.5 µg/ml, while Pseudomonas aeruginosa elicited MIC and MBC at 10 µg/ml and >10 µg/ml of MIC and MBC respectively.Themethanol extract of the plant acted as hydrogen/electrons donor or scavenger of radicals with fifty percent inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 59.83 µg/ml while that of Ascorbic acid (standard) was found to be 92.70 µg/ml using.The varied MIC’s and MBC’s obtained coupled with the values recorded for the antioxidant radicals validate the antimicrobial and antioxidant potential of Acalypha fimbriata that can be explored for therapeutic option, if further purified and optimally processed.