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Author: search.filters.author.Obisesan, A. O.

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    Prevalence of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and extended spectrum β–lactamase producers among bacteria isolated from infected wounds in a tertiary hospital in Ibadan city
    (AJCEM Life Line Publishers, 2016) Alabi, O. S.; Obisesan, A. O.; Ola, A. A.
    Wound colonization by microorganisms is most frequently polymicrobial and incidences of high level resistance among bacterial isolates from wounds have been reported. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and extendedspectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Gram-negative bacteria both constitute serious challenge to physician in their choice of antibiotic treatment of infections caused by these bacteria. This study determined the antibiotic susceptibility profiles and prevalence of MRSA and ESBL producers among wound bacterial isolates from a tertiary hospital in Ibadan City. Forty (40) clinical bacterial isolates from five wound sources were collected from the Microbiology unit of the University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan and were authenticated with standard bacteriological techniques. Antibiotic susceptibility test was done by disc-diffusion method using 19 antibiotics belonging to 12 classes. MRSA strains were detected by their resistance to cefoxitin and/or oxacillin antibiotics. Presumptive ESBL production was by double-disc synergy test using 30 μg cefotaxime and ceftazidime around 20/10 μg amoxicillin-clavulanic acid discs. ESBL confirmation was by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) using agar-dilution method. The authenticated isolates include Proteus spp (47.5%), Staphylococcus aureus (27.5%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12.5%), Klebsiella spp (7.5%), Acinetobacter baumanii (2.5%) and E. coli (2.5%). Distribution of the isolates collected according to wound sources includes: acute soft tissue wounds (35%), leg ulcer (32.5%), surgical wounds (17.5%), burn wounds (12.5%) and diabetic foot ulcer (2.5%). Distributions according to patients’ gender are: male (65%), female (35%), and according to age-groups are: 0 – 19 years (22.5%), 20 – 39 years (35%), 40 – 59 years (32.5%) and ≥ 60 years (10%). All (100%) the isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR) being resistant to ≥ 3 classes of antibiotics. Percentages of isolates resistance to each of the antibiotic include: piperacillin, piperacillin-tozobactam and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid were 100%, ceftazidime, cefuroxime, cefixime, aztreonam, sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim, erythromycin, chloramphenicol and doxycyclin were > 70%, cefoxitin (62.5%), Nitrofurantion (52.5%), ciprofloxacin (45%), ofloxacin (35%), perfloxacin (37.5%), gentamicin (32.5%) and imipenem (2.5%). Of the 11 Staphylococcus aureus collected, 54.5% were detected to be MRSA strains while ESBL production was detected in 55.2% of the Gram negative isolates. This study revealed 100% MDR phenotype constituting high level of MRSA strains (54.5%) and ESBL producers (55.2%) among Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial wound isolates respectively. Hence, this calls for caution in the use of extended spectrum antibiotics in treating patients with infected wounds.
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    Detection of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producers from ready-to-eat roasted beef in Ibadan north, Nigeria.
    (2021) Alabi, O. S.; Obisesan, A. O.; Odumosu, B. T.
    Ready-to-eat roasted beef popularly called `Suya' in Nigeria is a highly nutritive food and hence, prone to microbial contamination when handled in an unhygienic manner by the vendors. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus have been reported in both community and hospital settings in Nigeria. This study investigated their occurrence as microbial contaminants in ready-to eat roasted beef in Ibadan North local government area (LGA) of Oyo state, Nigeria. Fifty (50) samples were purposively collected randomly in four different locations in Ibadan North LGA from 1st to 31st of November, 2019. Aerobic and coliform bacterial counts, isolation, identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing were done using standard microbiological techniques. Phenotypically, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus was detected by cefoxitin-disc-diffusion and ESBL-producers by double-disc synergy. MecA/C and selected ESBL (TEM, SHV and CTX-M) genes were detected by PCR technique. The mean total aerobic and coliform bacterial counts ranged from 1.5 × 106 to 7.8 × 106 cfu/g and 0.8 × 102 to 1.3 × 103 cfu/g respectively. Thirty-eight (38) bacteria were isolated: Staphylococcus aureus (15.8%), Pseudomonas spp. (42.1%), Klebsiella spp. (36.8%) and Bacillus spp. (5.3%). Four (66.7%) of the Staphylococcus aureus were MecA mediated methicillin-resistant strains and 20 (66.7%) of the Gram-negatives were ESBL-producers with 9 (30%) harbouring TEM and SHV and 15 (50%) CTX-M genes. Occurrence of MRSA and ESBL-producers in ready-to-eat roasted beef in Ibadan north is of serious public health concern. Policy and Practice.
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    Co-production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and metallo beta-lactamases among multi-drug resistant gram-negative bacteria isolates collected from tertiary hospitals in Oyo State, Nigeria
    (FUDMA, 2020-09) Alabi, O. S.; Obisesan, A. O.; Taiwo, M. K.; Adewuyi, O. R.
    Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and metallo beta-lactamases (MBLs) are compromising the chemotherapeutic use of cephalosporins and carbapenems respectively. This study investigated the burden of ESBLs and MBLs co-production among multi-drug resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria collected from two tertiary hospitals in Oyo State. A total of 240 non-duplicated clinical isolates of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp. and Pseudomonas spp. were collected from the Microbiology units of two tertiary hospitals in Oyo State and their identities authenticated using standard identification techniques. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out by disc-diffusion method and isolates exhibiting resistance to 3 classes of antibiotics selected as MDR strains. ESBL and MBL production was detected by double-disc synergy test (DDST) and combined-disc-diffusion test (CDDT) respectively. Selected beta-lactamase genes were detected by PCR, amplicons sent out for sequencing and phylogenetic tree of the sequences constructed using Mega X software. MDR was exhibited by 43.8% of the isolates. ESBLs and MBLs were produced by 32.4% and 7.6% of the MDR isolates respectively. Co-production of ESBL and MBL was observed in 6.7% of the MDR isolates. BlaCTX-M-15 (67.7%), blaTEM-1 (55.9%), blaSHV-1 (47.1%), co-existing blaTEM + blaSHV, blaTEM + blaCTXM, blaCTX-M + blaSHV (each in 5.9%) and blaCTX-M +blaTEM + blaSHV (26.5%) were detected among the ESBLproducers. MBL genes were not detected among the MBL-producers. Only blaTEM-1 sequences showed two different claudes on the phylogenetic tree. The occurrence of MDR isolates co-harbouring different classes of beta-lactamse genes observed in this study is of public health concern and hence, requires stricter control of antibiotic use.