Scholarly works in Pharmaceutical Microbiology
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Item Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection among dyspepsia patients in Ibadan, South West Nigeria(Academic Journals, 2012) Adeniyi, B. A.; Otegbayo, J. A.; Lawal, T. O.; Oluwasola, A. O.; Odaibo, G. N.; Okolo, C.; Ola, S. O.; Idowu, P. A.; Akere, A.; Kehinde, A. O.Helicobacter pylori infection is typically acquired shortly after birth in both low and high-income regions of the world and once the infection is established, it commonly persists lifelong unless treated. This infection has been identified as an important risk factor for the development of peptic ulcer disease and is probably the most important cause of relapse in those previously treated for peptic ulcer disease. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of H. pylori infection in patients with peptic ulcer disease at the University College Hospital (UCH) Ibadan; South West Nigeria. Fifty-two (52) patients who had symptoms of dyspepsia were recruited for the study and each of them went through endoscopy. Forty-three (43) (82.7%) of the patients were diagnosed with peptic ulcer disease while nine (9) (17.3%) patients were diagnosed normal. The presence of H. pylori was determined using culture and Urease Breath Test (UBT). The culture result showed that thirty-five (35) (81.4%) of the patients diagnosed with peptic ulcer disease had H. pylori infection also, eight (8) (88.9%) of the normal patients were culture positive for H. pylori. The UBT result showed that 65.1% of the diagnosed peptic ulcer patients were positive for H. pylori, also 55.6% of the normal patients were found UBT positive for H. pylori. In all, H. pylori infection is very common among dyspepsia patients and the organism is closely associated with the disease in South West Nigeria.Item Antimicrobial, phytochemical and cytotoxicity activities of extracts of Lannea welwitschii (Hiern) Engl. (Annacardiaceae)(Science Association of Nigeria, 2012) Idowu, P. A.; Idowu, D. O.Towards-discovering new agents to treat microbial infections, methanolic extracts of leaves, stem and roots of Lannea welwitschii were screened for antibacterial and antifungal activity against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Salmonella typhimurium (ATCC 14028), Proteus vulgaris (ATCC 6380), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Rhizopus spp. (Lab Stock) and Candida albicans (ATCC 18804). Agar cup diffusion method was used to determine zone of inhibition while Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) on Staph, aureus and E. coli were determined by agar dilution method. Phytochemical screening was done to determine the type of secondary metabolite while cytotoxicity was determined by Brine-Shrimps Lethality (BSL) assay. All the plant parts showed antimicrobial activity against all the test organisms with zone of inhibition of 11.0-20.0 mm, and MIC of 0.31 and 0.62mg/ml on Staph, aureus (ATCC 25923) and E. coli (ATCC 25922) respectively. The LC50 from the cytotoxicity test (BSL) were 196.49 and 100.00 µg/mL for the leaves and stem extracts respectively. Saponins, tannins, cardiac glycosides (steroids) and flavonoids were detected. Therefore L. welwitschii as a medicinal plant contains metabolites having broad spectrum antimicrobial activity, and the methanolic extracts were relatively non-toxic..Item Antimicrobial activity of crude extracts and alkaloidal fractions of Argemone mexicana Linn(Science Association of Nigeria, 2012) Idowu, P. A.Emergence of multi-drug resistant pathogens lias necessitated the need for continuous research to discover and develop new and more effective antimicrobial drugs. Medicinal plants have always been a potential source of antimicrobial drugs and varieties of lead compounds. Argemone mexicana, a tropical shrub traditionally used to treat eye infections, inflammation and infertility was investigated for antibacterial activity. Crude chloroform and methanol extracts of leaves and stems, as well as fractions and crystals from chromatographic column were screened for in-vitro antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (NCTC 6571), Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633) Escherichia coli (NCTC. 9001) and-Pseudomonas aeruginosa (NCTC 6570) using agar-cup diffusion method. Phytochemical screening for secondary metabolites revealed the presence p f alkaloids (opium and indole types) and tannins. The crude extracts showed good activity at 100mg/ml against the bacterial strains tested while at 10mg/ml only E. coli and B. subtilis were susceptible. JTen fractions were isolated from column chromatography (nine of which were alkaloidal in nature), and they all showed varying but significant degree of activity on most of the tested organisms at 100pg/ml. The needle-like crystals recovered from methanol extract showed weak antibacterial activity on some of the test organisms. The study has shown that A. mexicana leaves and stem bark has antibacterial activity which justified the use of this plant in traditional medicine as anti-infective agent. Further, the fact that most fractions showed antibacterial activity is an indication that Argemone mexicana leaf and bark has many antibacterial constituents that are mainly alkaloidal.Item Comparative study of methods of diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection in Ibadan(Society for Gastroenterology and Hepatology in Nigeria, 2011) Oluwasola, A. O.; Okolo, C. A.; Otegbayo, J. A.; Adeniyi, B.; Kehinde, A. O.; Akere, A.; Ola, S. O.; Lawal, T. O.; Idowu, P. A.; Odaibo, G.; Lawan, A. I.Item Cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity of methanol extract and fractions of Entandrophragma angolense (Welw.) C.DC. (Meliaceae) leaves(Science Association of Nigeria, 2010) Idowu, P. A.; Adeniyi, B. A.; Moody, J. G.The antibacterial activity and brine-shrimp lethality (BSL) assay of methanol extracts of Entandrophragma angolense, used id treat gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) infections in South-Western Nigeria was investigated. The extract and chromatographic fractions were tested at 20 and 10 mg/mi respectively against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853). Salmonella lyphi (clinical isolate), Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028, Escherichia coli (ATC 1C 25922) and Bacillus suhlilis (ATCC 6633) using agar-well diffusion method; Minimum 'Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) were determined by agar dilution method. Further, the extract was fractionated on siiic-a gel (70-230 mesh) using column chromatography. The diameter of zonr.s of inhibition were between) 5.0 - 30.5m m which was comparable with gentamicin (10pg/nil) used as ’’ control. The MIC was 80.0j.tg/ml on Staph, aurevs and 350pg/ml on Salmonella typhi. The more poUir fractions contained the antimicrobial com pouxr as the less polar fractions showed no antimicrobial activity as tested. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, reducing sugars and steroidal compounds. Brine shrimp lethality assay gave a value of 62.5f.ig/mJ. Therefore E. angoiense leaves contains antimicrobial agents and cytotoxic principles to justify its folkloric uses and pby (otherapeutio potentials in treating infections.Item Isolation of 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) methylpropenoate and bioactivity evaluation of Gomphrena celosioides Extracts(IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, 2010) Dosumu, O. O.; Idowu, P. A.; Onocha, P. A.; Ekundayo, O.The efficacy of Gomphrena celosioides extracts in traditional medicine in the treatment of infectious diseases was evaluated by biological assays. The bioactivities of the extracts of this plant were tested against organisms. The ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of the plant dis played inhibition activities on Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi. Methanol extract was active against Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger and Trichophyton species with diameter zones of inhibition between 14 and 20 mm. Fractionation of the methanol extract produced 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) methylpropenoate with mild antimicrobial activity against the test microorganisms. The anthelmintic assay showed ethyl acetate and methanol extracts to be active against Fasciola gigantica, Taenia solium and Pheretima pasthuma. Ethyl acetate was the most toxic of the extracts causing paralysis of Taenia solium within 15 minutes and the death of Fasciola gigantica within 20 minutes of application. The brine shrimp assay gave an LC50 of 52.15 and 77.98 µg/ml on hexane and methanol extracts respectively. The result of this work corroborated the folkloric use of Gomphrena celosioides in the treatment of infectious diseases.Item Draft genome sequence of a bovine enterovirus isolate recovered from sewage in Nigeria(American Society for Microbiology, Washington DC, 2018) Faleye, T. O. C.; Adewumi, O. M.; Olayinka, O. A.; Donbraye, E.; Oluremi, B.; George, U. E.; Arowolo, O. A.; Omoruyi, E. C.; Ifeorah, M. I.; Oyero, A. O.; Adenijia, J. A.We describe the draft genome of a bovine enterovirus (EV) isolate recovered from sewage in Nigeria. This isolate replicates on both RD and L20B cell lines but is negative for all EV screens in use by the Global Poliovirus Eradication Initiative (GPEI). It contains 7,368 nucleotides (nt) with 50.2% G + C content and an open reading frame (ORF) with 6,525 nt (2,174 amino acids).Item Draft genome sequence of mycoplasma arginini strain NGR_2017(American Society for Microbiology, Washington DC, 2018-06) Adeniji, J. A.; Faleye, T. O. C.; Adewumi, O. M.; Olayinka, O. A.; Donbraye, E.; Oluremi, B; George, U. E.; Arowolo, O. A.; Omoruyi, E. C.; Ifeorah, M.; Akandeh, A.We present the draft genome of Mycoplasma arginini strain NGR_2017. This strain was recovered in Nigeria from cell culture in 2017. The assembly contains 620,555 bp in 12 contigs. It contains 561 coding sequences, 34 RNAs (29 tRNAs, 4 rRNAs, and 1 transfer-messenger RNA [tmRNA]), and a_26-kb integrative and conjugative element.Item Evaluation of phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial activity of leaves and stem bark extracts of sarcocephalus latifolius(2018) Oluremi, B.; Oloche, J. J.; Fasusi, E. T.; Lawal, A. M.Sarcocephalus latifolius is reported to have a wide range of medicinal properties and it is commonly used in the treatment of malaria, hypertension, diarrhea, dysentery and dental problems. Considering its characteristics, it is important to identify the phytochemical constituents and further evaluate the antimicrobial activity. Thus, this study was designed to identify the phytochemical constituents and to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the leaf and stem bark extracts of Sarcocephalus latifolius on bacteria strains isolated from dental samples. The phytochemical compounds in leaf and stem bark extracts of Sarcocephalus latifolius were analyzed using GC-QPMS. The mixture of bioactive compounds present in leaf and stem extracts of Sarcocephalus latifolius were tested against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria for inhibition of growth using agar-cup-diffusion method. Results emerging from this study show that a total of 19 compounds and 25 compounds were identified from the leaf and stem bark extracts respectively. Decanoic acid, decanoic acid, benzene carboxylic acid and terpenes; phytol and farnesyl acetatewere identified to be the main constituents. Furthermore, the extracts at concentrations of 25-50 mg/ml inhibited the growth of bacteria isolates in a manner that is comparable to the standard antibiotic (p<0.05). The significant zones of inhibition of bacterial growth by leaf and stem extracts of Sarcocephalus latifolius validates the use of extracts of Sarcocephalus latifolius in traditional medicine and as a promising source of antimicrobial agents.Item Molecular identity and cytotoxicity of Lenzites quercina macrofungus extracts toward cancer cell lines(2017) Ogidi, O. C.; Oyetayo, V. O.; Akinyele, B. J.; Ogbole, O. O.; Adeniji, J. A.; Oluremi B. B.The medicinal uses of wild macrofungi have been attributed to their accumulated bioactive compounds. Several mushrooms have been reported to possess antitumor activity, but little, in this regard, is known about Lenzites quercina collected from Akure in Nigeria. Hence, the molecular identification and cytotoxic activity of extracts obtained from raw and fermented Lenzites quercina were assessed. The macrofungus Lenzites quercina was identified using Internal Transcribed Spacers (ITS) sequence analysis. The basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) analyzed on NCBI GenBank data revealed that the Lenzites species from Nigeria – accession number, JF689829.1 – was closely related to Lenzites quercina (a 100% relationship match). The cytotoxic activity of raw and fermented Lenzites quercina extracts was tested against human cervical cancer (HeLa), rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) and African green monkey kidney (VERO) cell lines. A tetrazolium yellow 3-(4,5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) colorimetric assay was used to evaluate the reduction in viability of cell cultureswith or without the extracts of Lenzites quercina. Extracts of Lenzites quercina exhibited cytotoxic activity (6.0-84.5%) against the tested cancer cell lines (HeLa, VERO and RD). The concentration of the bioactive compounds in the crude extract ranged from 0.01 to 1000 μg/ml. The results revealed that bioactive compounds in Lenzites quercina possess cytotoxic properties. These bioactive compounds may be isolated and used as alternative therapies to currently available anticancer drugs.