Scholarly works in Pharmaceutical Microbiology

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    Incidence and susceptibility pattern of clinical isolates from pus producing infection to antibiotics and Carica papaya seed extract
    (Academic Journals, 2011-02) Idowu, A. O.; Oluremi, B. B.; Seidu, N. I.
    "The prevalence of bacterial pathogens isolated from pus producing infections (wound, eye and ear) randomly collected from the Medical Microbiology Laboratory of University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan, Nigeria was determined. Their susceptibility to selected antibiotics and Carica papaya seed extracts was investigated. Bacterial pathogen identity was confirmed based on standard methods which included, Gram stain reaction, colonial morphology on media, lactose fermentation, catalase,oxidase,coagulase and indole tests. The antibiogram was carried out using standard disc agar diffusion method employing commercially prepared antibiotic disc (Abtek Limited) of amoxycillin (25mcg), co-trimoxazole (25 mcg), nitrofurantoin (300 mcg), gentamicin (10 mcg), nalidixic acid (30 mcg),ofloxacin (30 mcg), augmentin (30 mcg) and tetracycline (10 mcg). A total of 58 isolates were obtained out of which 31 were from wound, 12 from ear and 15 from eye. 41 of the isolates were recovered from adults, while 17 were from children. Staphylococcus aureus was found to be the most common organism recovered (51.7%), followed by Klebsiella spp. (11%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (11%),Proteus spp. (6.9%) and Escherichia coli (3.4%). From wound swabs, S. aureus isolates was the highest (51.6%) followed by Klebsiella spp. (22.6%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus spp. (9.7% each) and E. coli (6.45%). In ear infection, P. aeruginosa accounted for 58.3%, S. aureus 25%, while Klebsiella spp. and Proteus spp. accounted for 16.6% each. In eye infection, S. aureus and Klebsiella spp. were more frequently isolated with 73.3 and 20%, respectively. The antibiogram studies showed that all the organisms were highly sensitive to ofloxacin as follows: S. aureus (80%), Klebsiella spp. (100%), P. aeruginosa (100%), Proteus spp. (100%) and E. coli (100%) while P. aeruginosa (63.6%), S. aureus (76.6%) and E. coli (100%) were sensitive to gentamicin and Klebsiella spp. (18.2%) and Proteus spp. (25%) were resistant. The organisms were resistant to all the other antibiotics tested namely: amoxycillin, co-trimoxazole, nitrofurantoin, nalidixic, augmentin and tetracycline. C. papaya extract showed antimicrobial activity which compared favourably with the commercial antibiotic discs against the Gram positive and negative bacteria tested, except Klebsiella spp. The highest activity was demonstrated against P. aeruginosa."
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    Bacteriological analysis of well water samples in sagamu
    (2011-05) Idowu, A. O.; Oluremi, B. B.; Odubawo, K. M.
    Majority of the population in semi-urban and urban areas of Nigeria depend on wells as their source of water supply. Due to increasing cases of water-borne diseases in recent times, this study was carried out to examine the microbial quality of well water in Sagamu, Nigeria as a way of safeguarding public health against water borne diseases. Water samples from a total of forty wells, covered and uncovered from four different locations of varying socio economic and demographic status were assessed for their bacteriological quality using serial dilution to obtain total bacteria count and the multiple tube fermentation technique to determine the coliform count using the most probable number method. Positive tubes of the presumptive test were further cultured on appropriate solid media. The organisms isolated were further characterized using standard procedures. The result of the study revealed that all the wells were grossly contaminated with bacteria pathogens such as Klebsiella spp (95%), Escherichia coli (72%) and Salmonella typhi (32.5%). Comparatively, the uncovered wells were more highly contaminated with bacteria pathogens than the covered well especially in the highly populated areas. All the water samples exceeded the standard limit of the most probable number (MPN) per 100ml set for untreated drinking water. This result highlight the fact that most well water in Sagamu metropolis are not safe microbiologically for drinking without additional treatment such as boiling or disinfection and this could lead to outbreak of water borne diseases. Good and proper environmental and personal hygiene must be maintained especially by the users of those wells to prevent their contamination with bacterial pathogens.