Scholarly works in Pharmaceutical Microbiology
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://repository.ui.edu.ng/handle/123456789/394
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Item Evaluation of antioxidant and antibacterial activities of extracts of Celtis philippensis Blanco (Ulmaceae) on multidrug resistant wound pathogens(West African Postgraduate College of Pharmacists (WAPCP), 2020) Idowu, P. A.; Afolayan, F. O.; Olaiya, C. O.Background: Antimicrobial resistance among wound pathogens is increasing, creating the need to search for new and effective agents, especially among medicinal plants used to treat wounds traditionally. There is a worldwide search for medicinal plants with good antibacterial and antioxidant activities to treat infected wounds. Objectives: Celtis philippensis used locally to treat infections was evaluated for its antioxidant and antibacterial activities against multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens from infected wounds from three Nigerian hospitals. Methods: Methanol extract of C. philippensis stem was tested at 20 and 10mg/ml on 32 wound pathogens comprising of Staphylococcus aureus (14), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (8). Agar diffusion methods was used to determine antibiogram and susceptibility to extracts while agar dilution method was used to determine minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC). The antioxidant potential was evaluated by four methods: catalase activity, lipid peroxidation inhibition, hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging activity and DPPH radical scavenging activity.Statistical analysis was done using ANOVA. Results: Antibiogram showed that the test organisms were MDR bacteria. The extract was active on all the tested pathogens with zones of inhibition of between 13-35mm. The MIC and MBC values ranged between 0.625- 5mg/ml for all the test organisms and MIC index indicated bactericidal activity. The methanol extract showed good antioxidant activity (lipid peroxidation inhibition and catalase activity) comparable with ascorbic acid standard. Conclusion: Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Celtis philippensis justified its folkloric use in treating infections. Moreover, good activity on multidrug resistant wound pathogens highlights its potentials as a source of antimicrobial agents to treat wounds infected with MDR pathogens.Item Evaluation of antioxidants and antibacterial activities of extracts of Celtis philippensis Blanco (Ulmaceae) on multidrug resistant wound pathogens(West African Postgraduate College of Pharmacists, 2020) Idowu, P. A.; Afolayan, F. O.; Olaiya, C. O.Background: Antimicrobial resistance among wound pathogens is increasing, creating the need to search for new and effective agents, especially among medicinal plants used to treat wounds traditionally. There is a worldwide search for medicinal plants with good antibacterial and antioxidant activities to treat infected wounds. Objectives: Celtis philippensis used locally to treat infections was evaluated for its antioxidant and antibacterial activities against multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens from infected wounds from three Nigerian hospitals. Methods: Methanol extract of C. philippensis stem was tested at 20 and 10mg/ml on 32 wound pathogens comprising of Staphylococcus aureus (14), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (8). Agar diffusion methods was used to determine antibiogram and susceptibility to extracts while agar dilution method was used to determine minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC). The antioxidant potential was evaluated by four methods: catalase activity, lipid peroxidation inhibition, hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging activity and DPPH radical scavenging activity.Statistical analysis was done using ANOVA. Results: Antibiogram showed that the test organisms were MDR bacteria. The extract was active on all the tested pathogens with zones of inhibition of between 13-35mm. The MIC and MBC values ranged between 0.625- 5mg/ml for all the test organisms and MIC index indicated bactericidal activity. The methanol extract showed good antioxidant activity (lipid peroxidation inhibition and catalase activity) comparable with ascorbic acid standard. Conclusion: Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Celtis philippensis justified its folkloric use in treating infections. Moreover, good activity on multidrug resistant wound pathogens highlights its potentials as a source of antimicrobial agents to treat wounds infected with MDR pathogens.Item Antimicrobial activity of crude extracts and alkaloidal fractions of Argemone mexicana Linn(Science Association of Nigeria, 2012) Idowu, P. A.Emergence of multi-drug resistant pathogens lias necessitated the need for continuous research to discover and develop new and more effective antimicrobial drugs. Medicinal plants have always been a potential source of antimicrobial drugs and varieties of lead compounds. Argemone mexicana, a tropical shrub traditionally used to treat eye infections, inflammation and infertility was investigated for antibacterial activity. Crude chloroform and methanol extracts of leaves and stems, as well as fractions and crystals from chromatographic column were screened for in-vitro antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (NCTC 6571), Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633) Escherichia coli (NCTC. 9001) and-Pseudomonas aeruginosa (NCTC 6570) using agar-cup diffusion method. Phytochemical screening for secondary metabolites revealed the presence p f alkaloids (opium and indole types) and tannins. The crude extracts showed good activity at 100mg/ml against the bacterial strains tested while at 10mg/ml only E. coli and B. subtilis were susceptible. JTen fractions were isolated from column chromatography (nine of which were alkaloidal in nature), and they all showed varying but significant degree of activity on most of the tested organisms at 100pg/ml. The needle-like crystals recovered from methanol extract showed weak antibacterial activity on some of the test organisms. The study has shown that A. mexicana leaves and stem bark has antibacterial activity which justified the use of this plant in traditional medicine as anti-infective agent. Further, the fact that most fractions showed antibacterial activity is an indication that Argemone mexicana leaf and bark has many antibacterial constituents that are mainly alkaloidal.